6. outline nonverbal comm
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Nonverbal
CommunicationGoing beyond words
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Defning Nonverbal Communication
Key issues to consider:
Intent
Awareness
Meaning
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Defning Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communicationany interaction in whicha stimulus other than words creates meaning in themind o! a sender or receiver"
Key #lements:
$" Creation o! meaning
%" &'ther than words(
Alternate a))roaches are reviewed in the Readingste*t
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General +rinci)les o! N,C
- Im)ortant !actors to remember aboutnonverbal communication .N,C/:
$" N,C is an essential )art o! determiningmeaning in comm conte*ts
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General +rinci)les o! N,C
%" N,C is undervalued
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General +rinci)les o! N,C
-" N, comm is ine*tricably lin0edwith , comm 1 they !unctiontogether
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- General 2ources o! N, 2timuli
+ersonal N, 2timuliN,behaviors originating !rom as)ecifc )erson
#*"when a )erson win0sshrugs their shoulders smilesetc"
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- General 2ources o! N,2timuli
,ocal N, 2timuli3ualities o! the voiceor vocal sounds se)arate !rom a verbalmessage
#*" )itch volume tone o! voice rate o!s)eech etc"
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- General 2ources o! N,2timuli
#nvironmental N, 2timuliN, cues associatedwith the setting or with ob4ects in theenvironment
#*" 5oom set6u) or state )articular ob4ects .e"g"ashtray/ )resent in a room
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Interaction o! ,erbal 7Nonverbal Cues
'ne )rimary !unction o! N, cues isinteraction w8 verbal cues" .#0man7 Kna))/
$" 5e)eat 1 Non verbal messagere)eats verbal
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Interaction o! ,erbal 7Nonverbal Cues
%" Contradict N, 7 , disagree
N, cues ty)ically believed over ,
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Interaction o! ,erbal 7Nonverbal Cues
-" 2ubstitute N, used in )lace o!,
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Interaction o! ,erbal 7Nonverbal Cues
9" Com)lementN, cue )rovidessu))lementary in!o about ,
message
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Interaction o! ,erbal 7Nonverbal Cues
" Accent draw attention to )art o! , message
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;unctions o! N, Cues
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;unctions o! N, Cues
N, also has some other more general!unctions
Communication status
5elational role status di=erential
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'ther ;unctions o! N, Cues
Communicate various states
#motional )hysical
Awareness not necessary
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'ther ;unctions o! N, Cues
Communicate immediacy.!eelings o! warmth closeness andinvolvement with others/
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9 As)ects o! N, Comm
5eview the Readingste*t !or more details
$" 5eceiver orientation
%" >oth normative 7 idiosyncratic
-" 2ub4ective
9" #ncom)asses multi)le channels
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2)ecifc ?y)es o! N,Messages: Kinesics
Kinesics 1 >ody movements" Includes !aciale*)ressions hand gestures etc"
?y)es .#0man 7 ;riesen/
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2)ecifc ?y)es o! N,Messages: Kinesics
#mblems 1 common gestureswhich substitute !or words
#* 1 thumbs u) .o"0"/ sha0inghead .no/
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2)ecifc ?y)es o! N,Messages: Kinesics
Illustrators 1 used toaccom)any and com)limentwords
#*" 1 moving your hands toillustrate the conce)t o! waves
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2)ecifc ?y)es o! N,Messages: Kinesics
5egulators 1 regulate conversation
#*" eye contact signaling you wantto say something
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2)ecifc ?y)es o! N,Messages: Kinesics
A=ect Dis)lays 1 !acial e*)ressions 8body movements which indicate
emotion
#* 1 smiling !rowning shuddering
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#volution o! @uman ;acial#*)ressions
5eview Cha)ter on ;acial #*)ressions inthe te*tboo0 by Mar0 ;ran0
#*)lores research su))orting a biological basiso! human e*)ression
#vidence !rom )hysiology
#vidence !rom cultural studies
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2)ecifc ?y)es o! N,Messages: Kinesics
Ada)tors 1 nervous behaviors occurringon a very low level o! consciousness
Associated with stress
#*" 1 ta))ing your !oot when nervous withoutbeing aware o! it
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2)ecifc ?y)es o! N,Messages
+aralanguage8 +aralinguistics 1
$" ualities o! the voice
#"g" 1 how something is said
%" ,ocalicssounds other than words w8which we associate with meaning
#"g" 1 yawning laughing sighing )auses etc"
-" Non6Buencies flled )auses
#"g" uh um oh etc
VOCAL QUALITIES
$" +I?C@
%" ?'N#
-" ,'M#
9" 5A?#
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2)ecifc ?y)es o! N,Messages+hysical a))earance dress grooming andattractiveness
>ody ty)e 1 draw in!erences based on general bodyty)e
#ctomor)h
#ndomor)h
Mesomor)h
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2)ecifc ?y)es o! N,Messages
'culesics #ye gaEe
Contact and avoidance
@a)tics use o! touch in communication
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2)ecifc ?y)es o! N,Messages
Chronemics 1 time in communication
2everal !oci:
2)ecifc meanings communicated by time
#"g" 1 being late !or a date
Cultural em)hasis on time
+sychological time orientation .!uture )resent or )ast!ocus/
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More ?y)es o! N, Messages
'b4ectics 1 the im)act o! ob4ects andarti!acts on communication
+ro*emics 1 the study o! s)ace and distance
+ersonal'b4ects
#nvironmental ob4ects
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More ?y)es o! N, Messages
+ersonal 2)ace the distance betweenourselves and others
Culturally and relationally based
>oth unconscious and conscious
2omewhat reliably related to intimacy
Not absolute