5G Wireless Network:

Overview

Prof. Chung G. Kang

Korea University

ccgkang@korea.ac.kr

5G Enabling Technologies

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

IV

Contents

5G Vision

Roadmap towards 5G Ⅲ

5G Technical Requirements

I. 5G Vision

Generations of Cellular Technologies

Mobile phone Cell phone

Martin Cooper,

Father of mobile phone

Founder of ArrayComm

Smart phone Tablet Wearable

“5G may NOT be about smart phones”

I. 5G Vision

What is 5G?

I. 5G Vision

Future Direction: More Video in Near Future….

I. 5G Vision

Highly Capable Devices:?????

I. 5G Vision

Highly Capable Devices: Virtual Reality HMD

Google

Cardboard

The Avegant Glyph

headworn personal theater

I. 5G Vision

Highly Capable Devices: 360o 3D Video Cameras

• Video Stitching Software

• Cameras

I. 5G Vision

Fortunes Made out of ICT … Forbes 2015 Newcomers

Travis Kalanick

Net worth: $5.3 B

Source of

wealth: Uber

(car service)

Kim Bum-Soo

Net worth: $2.9 B

Source of

wealth: KakaoTalk

(mobile chat service) Brian Chesky

Net worth: $1.9 B

Source of

wealth: Airbnb

Evan Spiegel and Bobby

Murphy

Net worth: $1.5 B each

Source of wealth: Snapchat Markus "Notch"

Persson

Net worth: $1.3 B

Source of

wealth: Minecraft

(video game)

Among about 1800 billionaires…

Source: Emerging Concepts and Technologies towards 5G+ Wireless Networks, Tutorial by Prof. H. Yanıkömeroğlu, GLOBECOM 2016

Their Dream Coming True on the Mobile

I. 5G Vision

What is an Essential Component for Connected World?

5G

Entertainment

Agriculture

Hospitality

Transportation

Automotive

Health

Municipalities

Energy

Education

Defense Public Safety

• New Use Cases in Connected World

5G is all about

the end-to-end

ecosystem with

deeper innovation

for the future!

II. 5G Technical Requirements

What Makes Difference: 3G vs. 4G

• Wider Bandwidth for Higher Peak Data Rate

- LTE leverages new & wider bandwidth

System Bandwidth Peak Data Rate Note

D/L U/L

3G W-CDMA 5MHz 14.4Mbps 384kbps HSDPA(R05)

28Mbps 11Mbps HSPA+(R07)

4G LTE 10MHz 73Mbps 36Mbps LTE (R08); 2 x 2 MIMO

- 3G vs. 4G: OFDMA + MIMO Technologies

Faster &

cheaper?

II. 5G Technical Requirements

What Makes Difference: 3G vs. 4G

2G 3G 4G

250min

2GB

250messages

$40/month

(~$10/GB)

5G

$40/month

(~$80/GB)

500MB

250messages

200min

$50/month

Unlimited

250 messages

300min

JUNE

Fimm cdma2000

1x EV/DO

IS-95

cdma one

(~$150/GB)

Pre-Smart Phone Era

Mobile Web

Browser

Full

browsing

Smart Phone Era

- 3D video recording

- 3D contents

- 4 x 1.4G Quad-Core

- Full HD quality

II. 5G Technical Requirements

4G+ 4G 3G+ 2G 3G

IS-95

64kbps

WiBro-1 30Mbps

1Mbps

10Mbps

100Mbps

0.1

1.0 1x EV-DO 2.4Mbps

HSDPA 10Mbps

Peak Data Rate Bandwidth Efficiency [bits/sec/Hz/cell]

Peak

Rate

Average

Bandwidth

Efficiency

(bits/sec)

TDMA

CDMA

MIMO

2G+

10.0

Bandwidth

efficiency:

> 10bps/Hz

WiBro-2 50Mbps

IMT-Advanced >100Mbps

1Gbps

W-CDMA

OFDMA

Circuit

mode

Circuit/Packet

integrated mode Packet Mode

• More Peak Data Rate & More Spectral Efficiency

Peak rate:

> 10Gbps

Bandwidth

Efficiency :

3bps/Hz

5G 5G+

10Gbps

Peak Rate :

1Gbps

What Makes Difference: 4G vs. 5G

II. 5G Technical Requirements

5G, Another Generation for More Data?

1G

2G

3G

4G

5G

Mbps

kbps

bps

Mbps

kbps

bps

Gbps

2020 2010 2000 1990 1980

AMPS

?

AMPS

? Mobile device

for everyone

Time

data

data

data

data

Maybe, earlier view on 5G

1G

2G

3G

4G

5G

Mbps

kbps

bps

Mbps

kbps

bps

Gbps

2020 2010 2000 1990 1980

AMPS

?

AMPS

? Mobile device

for everyone

Time

data

data

data

data

II. 5G Technical Requirements

5G, Another Generation for More Data?

New view on 5G @ 2015

Source: Emerging Concepts and Technologies towards 5G+ Wireless Networks, Tutorial by Prof. H. Yanıkömeroğlu, GLOBECOM 2016

• Bigger Hypercube

II. 5G Technical Requirements

5G as an Extended End-to-End Ecosystem

5G Usage Scenarios Embodied into Triangular Diagram in ITU-R WP5D

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

Massive Machine Type Communications

Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications

3D video, UHD screens

Smart City

Industry automation

Gigabytes in a second

Self Driving Car

Augmented reality

Smart Home/Building

Work and play in the cloud

Voice Mission critical application,

e.g. e-health

Future IMT

Augmented User Experience

(> 20Gbp/peak & > 100Mbps/user)

Low Latency

(1ms radio delay)

Massive IoT Connectivity

(106 devices/1km2 )

Navigation Drone

Robot

Smart Transportation

II. 5G Technical Requirements

5G To Be Enabled by A New Set of Key Capabilities for Radio Access

II. 5G Technical Requirements

• Key Capabilities for the Varying Usage Scenarios

Recent Studies on Use Cases in Japan

2. 5G Technical Requirements

(a big marathon race)

(a commuter)

(a job fair)

(a self-driving vehicle)

(Use of Infrastructure for earthquake)

(Smart factory/farm)

1) 4G: R8 LTE (2009), R9 (2010), R10 LTE-A (2011)

2) 4G clean-up + new use-cases: R11 (2013), R12 (2015), R13 (2016)

3) 5G brainstorming (2012 – 2015)

4) 5G spectrum: ITU WRC-15 (Nov 2015, Geneva); ITU WRC-19

5) 5G definition: ITU circular letter, IMT-2020 (2016)

6) 5G standard development: R14 (2017), R15 (2018), R16 (2019)

7) 5G standard approval (~2020)

8) 5G evolution (2020–2030): R17, …

Standardization: Evolution & Revolution (8/8 steps)

Source: Emerging Concepts and Technologies towards 5G+ Wireless Networks, Tutorial by Prof. H. Yanıkömeroğlu, GLOBECOM 2016

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

Time Line for Standard & Network Deployment

2021 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Rel.13 Rel.14 Rel.15 Rel.16

5G Vision Proposal Specification Evaluation

Methodology

Evaluation Requirement

Technology

Development

Trial

Network

Field

Test

Commercial Network Deployment

Demo Service Commercial Service

2022

Network

Deployment

Services

Standard

Enhanced D2D

FD-MIMO

LTE-LAA(U/L)

Massive MIMO

Low Latency

V2X

UDN

Massive

Connectivity

mmWave

D2D

Dual Connectivity

Low cost MTC

LTE-LAA (D/L)

5G +

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

5G Spectrum Bands

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

- “Study additional bands above 6 GHz for expanded mobile broadband

capacity, setting the stage for the next generation of wireless networks”.

- “Will also consider spectrum allocations for High-Altitude Platform

Systems, which will enable lower-cost delivery of bandwidth for

developing economies and remote areas around the globe”.

5G Spectrum Bands

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

• WRC 2019

To define 5G Radio Access Technology (RAT)

• Nearly Consensus View in 3GPP RAN 5G Workshop (Sept .2015)

- 5G Radio Access Technology

as a set of tightly-coupled

existing and new radio access

technology, i.e., evolved LTE,

WLAN, and potential new

RATs

(NTT DoCoMo)

• Tight integration (interworking)

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

Rel-14 : New Work Items/Study Items for LTE in RAN (1)

• Improvement to LTE Efficiency

- Downlink Multiuser Superposition Transmission for LTE (WI)

- Enhancements on FD-MIMO for LTE (WI)

- Uplink Capacity Enhancements for LTE (WI)

- Further enhancements to CoMP operation (SI)

- SRS Carrier Based Switching for LTE (WI)

- Study on enhancement of VoLTE (SI)

- L2 latency reduction techniques for LTE (WI)

- Signaling reduction to enable light connection for LTE (WI)

- Mobility enhancement in LTE (WI)

- Study on HSPA and LTE Joint Operation (SI)

- Study on Context Aware Service Delivery in RAN (SI)

- Flexible eNB-ID and Cell-ID in E-UTRAN (SI)

• Offload to Unlicensed

- Enhanced LAA for LTE (WI)

- Enhanced LTE-WLAN Aggregation (WI)

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

Rel-14 : New Work Items/Study Items for LTE in RAN (2)

• Enablers of New Services & Verticals

- Support for V2V services based on LTE sidelink (WI)

with parallel feasibility study on LTE-based V2X Services

- eMBMS enhancements in LTE (WI)

- Further Enhancements to LTE D2D, UE to Network Relays for IoT and Wearables (SI)

- Further Indoor Positioning enhancements for UTRA and LTE (WI)

• RF and Performance Requirements

- Performance enhancements for high speed scenario (WI)

- Multi-Band BS testing with three or more bands (WI)

- Further Enhancement of BS RF and EMC requirements for AAS (WI)

- Measurement Gap Enhancement for LTE (WI)

- Radiated performance requirements for the verification of multi-antenna reception

of UEs (WI)

- LTE bandwidth flexibility enhancements (SI)

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

5G Requirements in 3GPP: SMARTER

- To develop high-level use cases and identify the related high-level potential

requirements for 5G

- 74 use cases identified

• 3GPP TR22.891: Feasibility Study on New Services & Markets

Technology Enablers (SMARTER)

• Grouping of Use Cases

Game / Sports

Industry Robot

/ Drone

Massive MTC

Vehicle /

autonomous

driving

- Enhanced Mobile Broadband

- Critical Communications

- Massive Machine Type

Communications

- Network Operation TR22.864

- Enhancement of

Vehicle-to-Everything

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

5G Requirements in 3GPP: SMARTER – Network Operation

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

• System Flexibility - Network slicing dynamically creating network slices to form the dedicated complete,

autonomous, and fully operational) logical networks for different diverse scenarios) - Efficient user plane efficient user-plane path subject to changing location & network - Network capability exposure to expose network information/capability to 3rd parties - Flexible broadcast service stand-alone broadcast system over a wide area - Multi-network connectivity and service delivery across operators - Markets requiring minimal service levels e.g., overhead, power, user experience

• System Scalability - System elasticity dynamic utilization of resource (compute, network, storage) - System information collection (e.g., network condition, mobility types)

• Mobility Support different levels of mobility support for different UEs

• Efficient Content Delivery in-network content caching

• Self-backhauling wireless self-backhaul for simpler deployment in UDN

• Access

• Migration and Interworking: 5G 5G, 4G 5G

• Security

- Access issues with the different RATs and optimized connection per traffic type

- 3GPP/Non-3GPP access integration, temporary service, and energy efficiency

3GPP RAN Progress on 5G: Roadmap

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

• Study on New Radio of “5G” (NR)

• 3GPP Roadmap

- Key requirement: NR

design should be

forward compatible at

its core so that features

can be added in later

releases in an optimal

way

- Phased approach

for early deployment

Channel model completed for spectrum above 6GHz

- Deployment scenarios - Key performance

indicators - Requirements for

architecture & migration

New RAT

feasibility

study

3GPP RAN Progress on 5G: Deployment Scenario

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

• Deployment Scenarios

- Indoor hotspot, Dense urban, Rural, Urban macro - High speed - Extreme rural for the provision of minimal services over long distances - Extreme rural with extreme long range - Urban coverage for massive connection - Highway scenario - Urban grid for connected car

Attributes Values or assumptions

Carrier Frequency Around 4GHz + Around 30GHz (two layers)

Aggregated system bandwidth Around 30GHz: Up to1GHz (DL+UL) Around 4GHz: Up to 200MHz (DL+UL)

Layout Two layers - Macro layer: Hex. Grid - Micro layer: Random drop

Step 1: Around 4GHz in Macro layer

Step 2: Both Around 4GHz & Around 30GHz may be available in Macro & Micro layers

ISD Macro layer: 200m

Micro layer: 3micro TRPs per macro TRP; All micro TRPs are all outdoor

BS antenna elements Around 30GHz: Up to 256 Tx and Rx antenna elements

Around 4GHz: Up to 256 Tx and Rx antenna elements

UE antenna elements Around 30GHz: Up to 32 Tx and Rx antenna elements

Around 4GHz: Up to 8 Tx and Rx antenna elements

User distribution and UE speed Step1: Uniform/macro TRP, [10] users per TRP7

Step2: Uniform/macro TRP + Clustered/micro TRP, 10 users per TRP

80% indoor (3km/h), 20% outdoor (30km/h)

Service profile NOTE: Whether to use full buffer traffic or non-full-buffer traffic is FFS. For certain KPIs,

full buffer traffic is desirable to enable comparison with IMT-Advanced values.

• Example: Dense Urban

3GPP RAN Progress on 5G: Radio Requirement for New Radio (1)

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

Key performance indicators 5G forum 3GPP (TR38.913)

Spectral efficienc

y bps/Hz 3 times higher than 4G

Peak: 30bps/Hz (DL) / 15bps/Hz (UL)

TRP, 5%: 3 times higher than 4G

Peak data rate bps 20Gbps 20Gbps (DL) / 10Gbps (UL)

User experienced

data rate bps

100Mbps (outdoor)

1Gbps (indoor) Full buffer: 5%user spectrum efficiency × bandwidth(1GHz)

[300Mbps] for eHealth (surgical robots)

Latency ms CP: 50ms

UP: 1ms

CP: 10ms UP: 0.5ms (URLLC – DL/UL [average]) 4.0ms (eMBB – DL/UL) For infrequent small packets: To be discussed

Mobility km/h 500km/h 500km/h

Handover

interruption time ms 10ms Intra-system mobility: 0ms

Inter-system mobility: To be clarified

Areal capacity bps/m2 10Mbps/m2 site density (site/m2) × 1GHz × 3 times higher than 4G

Energy efficiency Joules/bit 100 times higher than 4Qualitative KPI as baseline and quantitative KPI is FFS

Quantative KPI: # of information bits / energy consumption

Connectivity connection

s 106 connections/km2 106 connections/km2

Positioning cm [TBD] [<1m]

• Key Performance Indicators

Key performance indicators 5G forum 3GPP (TR38.913)

Reliability [TBD] [TBD] General: 1-10-5 within 1ms (X bytes within 1ms)

eV2X: TBD (latency for small packets within [TBD] ms)

eHealth: 1-10-5 within 1ms ([300Mbps] User exp. data rate)

Coverage KM or dB None

General: [164 dB]

Extreme: Up to [2Mbps] for stationary services and up

[384kbps] for moving devices

• up to [100] km: with the performance targets

• up to [200] km: slight degradations in the achieved

performance is acceptable.

• up to [400] km: should not be precluded by the specifications

Bandwidth Hz None

This is an ITU-R requirement from IMT-Advanced. It may not be up to 3GPP to set a value for this requirement. (1GHz aggregated bandwidth)

UE battery life year None

[15 years] The activity of mobile originated data transfer consisting of [TBD bytes] UL per day followed by [TBD bytes] DL from MCL of [TBD] dB, assuming a stored energy capacity of [TBD].

• Key Performance Indicators (cont’d)

3GPP RAN Progress on 5G: Radio Requirement for New Radio (2)

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

• Tight Interworking between the NR & LTE

3GPP RAN: Architecture & Migration Requirement for NR (1)

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

- Considering high performing inter-RAT mobility and aggregation of data flows via

at least dual connectivity between LTE and new RAT

- This shall be supported for both collocated and non-collocated site deployments

EPC

LTENR

LTE NR

1) NR tightly integrated in LTE

(LTE-NR Dual Connectivity) 2) NR and LTE stand-alone

EPC NextGen Core

NRLTE

3) LTE tightly integrated in NR

(NR-LTE multi-connectivity)

NextGen Core

NRLTE

4) NR and LTE stand-alone anchored

to NextGen Core

NextGen Core

Source: R2-162364, Deployment Scenarios for Interworking, Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell

• Support of Connectivity through Multiple Transmission Points

3GPP RAN: Architecture & Migration Requirement for NR (2)

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

- The RAN architecture shall enable a separation of control plane signaling and

user plane data from different sites

- The RAN architecture shall support interfaces supporting effective inter-site

scheduling coordination.

New Core Network

CU-C(control plane)

CU-U(user plane)

Snew-C

Snew-U

eX2

NGFI

DU

User plane data L3 control signalling (e.g. RRC)

NextGenCore

Snew-C

NGFI

DU2

DU1

DU3

Snew-U

CU-C

CU1-U

CU2-U

NR Link 1

NR Link 2

NR Link 3

Source: R2-162613, Clarification on the requirement for CP/UP separation, ZTE

• Splitting the RAN Architecture

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

- Different options and flexibility

for splitting the RAN architecture

shall be allowed

• Deployment Flexibility

- The RAN architecture shall

allow for deployment flexibility

e.g. to host relevant RAN, CN

and application functions close

together at the edges of the

network, when needed, e.g. to

enable context aware service

delivery, low latency services,

etc...

Higher layer access functions

NextGen Core

LB, MC

control, CC,

NW slicing

control

Frame scheduling, multiplexing, physical layer procedures, modulation, channel

coding

NG1-C NG1-U

Data transfer,

routing for MC,

QoS enf.,

security, RoHC

NG-RAN

NG-NB

IW functions,

Legacy LTE

PDCP, QoS

mapping

Common control Access-specific control Common user plane

Radio-specific functions

Access-specific UP

LT

E R

RC

NR

RR

C

oth

ers

Source: R2-162721, Considerations on access architecture, Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell

3GPP RAN: Architecture & Migration Requirement for NR (3)

• C-Plane/U-Plane Separation

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

- The RAN architecture shall allow for C-plane/U-plane separation

• Deployment with Network Function Virtualization

- The RAN architecture shall allow deployments using Network Function Virtualization

• RAN & CN Evolution

- The RAN architecture shall allow for the RAN and the CN to evolve independently

- The RAN architecture shall allow for the operation of Network Slicing

• Network Slicing

Source: R2-162664, Network slicing considerations, Huawei, HiSilicon

3GPP RAN: Architecture & Migration Requirement for NR (4)

• Lower CAPEX/OPEX

III. Roadmap Towards 5G

- The design of the RAN architecture shall enable lower CAPEX/OPEX with respect to current networks to achieve the same level of services

• Open Interfaces for Multi-vendor Interoperability

- RAN-CN interfaces and RAN internal interfaces (both between new RAT logical nodes/functions and between new RAT and LTE logical nodes/functions) shall be open for multi-vendor interoperability

• Operator-controlled Side Link (Device-to-Device) Operation

- The RAN architecture shall support operator-controlled side link operation, both in coverage and out of coverage

3GPP RAN: Architecture & Migration Requirement for NR (5)

Frequency

Cellular Cellular Unlicensed cmWave/mmWave

V2I

V2V

Simultaneous

Tx/Rx

UL DL

SIC

< 1ms

Low latency with short TTI

Vehicle to vehicle safety comm.

High-speed mobile backhaul

Multi-connectivity Massive MIMO

Reliable comm. with diversity

Cellular-based IoT Aggregated

Connections

Spectrum sharing

(LAA)

Massive access

Full Duplex Ultra-dense network Small cells

Ultra-reliable & Low Latency Massive Connectivity

Capacity Enhancement

Three Technical Elements in 5G Radio Access

III. 5G Enabling Technologies

Boosting Radio Access Capacity

III. 5G Enabling Technologies

• More Spatial Efficiency Space division

(beam division)

multiple access

• More Spectrum & More Spectral Efficiency

5G Radio Access: Spectrum

• Future Works for IMT to Resolve:

- Congested use of incumbent services < 6GHz

- Heavy traffic in dense urban area (e.g., hot-spot)

• Characteristics (Advantages) in the Above 6 GHz Bands

- Wide contiguous bandwidth

- Tolerable path loss within small cells

- Realization of sufficient link margin

with large antenna arrays at Tx and

Rx (packed into small form factor)

III. 5G Enabling Technologies

To exploit the wide bandwidth available in the higher frequency band > 6GHz

mmWave band outdoor

cellular system

III. 5G Enabling Technologies

mmWave Band – Mobile System Prototype

• Millimeter-wave Beamforming Prototype by SAMSUNG Electronics

1.2Gbps@100km/h

7.5Gbps

- Outdoor coverage test - Outdoor-to-indoor penetration

• Test Results with Millimeter-wave Beamforming Prototype

III. 5G Enabling Technologies

• Example

- Enabling technologies identified by Samsung Electronics

Enabling Technologies for 5G Radio Access: Overview (1)

III. 5G Enabling Technologies

APP

Server eNB

Nomadic

UE

Vehicle

UE/Cell

Interactive Game,

VR/AR, Tactile Internet

Vehicle Safety

IoE (Internet of Everything)

Enhanced.

Quality of Experience

Spectral Efficiency Enh.ancement

Virtual Sectorization

User-Centric Tx/Rx

Cloud

(Low Latency, High Performance)

Broadband Access

Simultaneous

TX & RX

Spectral efficiency (30bps/Hz/Macro-area)

Areal Capacity (X1000)

Spectral Efficiency (X2)

System Capacity Enhancement

(> 1.5 times WiFi Capacity)

Hyper-connected Devices (X1000)

Low Latency (~5ms V2V)

Vehicle

UE/Cell

Veh. Infotainment

Vehicular User QoE Enhancement

Efficient Scalable

Reliable

Stationary/

Nomadic Small Cell

System Capacity

Enhancement

(Source: ETRI)

Enabling Technologies for 5G Radio Access: Overview (2)

Summary:

Enabling Technologies for 5G Wireless Network Category Enabling Technologies

5G RAN Requirements

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10

Wide and

Flexible

Bandwidth

Technology

Millimeter-wave Band

Heterogeneous Multi-RAT Integration

Cognitive radio and spectrum sharing

Advanced

Modulation

and Coding

Advanced Modulation: FQAM

Advanced Channel Coding

Duplexing In-band full Duplexing

Dynamic TDD

Multiple

Access and

Waveform

Multiple Access NOMA

SCMA

New Waveform

Large Scale

Antenna

Large-scale Antenna below 6 GHz

Large-scale Antenna below 6 GHz

Advanced

Interference

Management

Advanced Receiver for Simultaneous Non-Unique Decoding (SND)

Sliding Window Superposition Coding

Access

Architecture-

related Radio

Technologies

Advanced Small Cell

Enhanced Wireless Backhaul

Moving Network

Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication

Edgeless Cellular Network

Application-

specific Radio

Technologies

Massive Connectivity

V2X: V2V, V2P, V2I

R1: Cell Spectral Efficiency R2: Peak Data Rate R3: Cell Edge User Data Rate R4: Latency R5: Mobility R6: Handover Interruption Time R7: Areal Capacity R8: Energy Efficiency R9: Connectivity R10: Positioning

http://www.5gforum.org/#!untitled/c7bg