5a and 5b: waves. and wave – a wiggle in space and time for example: light and sound *a wave...
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5A and 5B: Waves
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Wave – a wiggle in space andand timeFor example: light and sound*A wave exists over space and time**
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Transverse WaveMidpoint (Equilibrium)
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Parts of a Transfers Wave
Crest (high point)
Trough (low point)
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Amplitude - distance from midpoint to crest or trough
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Wavelength () – distance from one crest (trough) to the next
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Frequency (f)how frequently a vibration occurs
(# of crests per second)vibrations per second
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Heinrich HertzThe unit of frequency is
the Hertz.
1 vibration per second = 1 Hertz
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Frequency/wavelength relationship
• If frequency and pitch go then wavelength goes
• If frequency and pitch go then wavelength goes
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25.3 Wave MotionSound and light waves
move.As waves move, matter is NOT passed along them. Movement of energy, not
material
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For example:When you create a
wave with a rope, it is the disturbance that
moves along the rope, not the rope itself.
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25.6 Longitudinal Wave
The energy compresses and expands along a straight
path.
Place a slinky on the ground and try to push and pull it.
Sound waves are longitudinal or compression waves.
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25.7 Interference
Interference pattern: patterns formed when waves overlap
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2 types of interference:1.constructive (adding)–
reinforcing interference when waves align at the crests and troughs**individual effects are
increased**
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Constructive Interference- the result would be a larger wave
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2.Destructive (subtracting)– cancellation interferencewhen the crest of one wave aligns with the trough of another**their individual effects are reduced**
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Destructive Interference- the result would be a flat line
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Sound Waves • Sound travels MUCH slower
than lightEX: lightening and thunder
• The speed of sound at room temperature is
340 m/s340 m/s
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Natural frequency – amount of vibration in a certain time (frequency) that an object naturally tends to vibrate
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•Resonance – a phenomenon that occurs when an object reaches its natural frequency (from another source)
EX: marching over bridges, opera singer breaking a glass by singing
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Light waves are transverse waves.
Polarization – the filtering out of all vibrations in a certain direction- only letting waves in a certain direction get through
Reflection – bouncing off(flat surface parallel to H2O)
Refraction – penetrating (goes through)(flat surface perpendicular to H2O)
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• Reflection – bouncing offex: mirrors, echos
• Refraction – penetrating (goes through), changes the way things look as they travel through materials of different densities.
Ex: straw in water, heat waves along a highway