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* GB785909 (A) Description: GB785909 (A) ? 1957-11-06 Arrangement for gasifying finely divided solid fuels in suspension Description of GB785909 (A) A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members: BE546018 (A) NL96936 (C) BE546018 (A) NL96936 (C) less Translate this text into Tooltip [81][(1)__Select language] Translate this text into The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes. PATENT SPECIFICATION ^ Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March 9, 1956 No 7496/56 96 Application made in Germany on March 16, 1955. (Potent of Addition to No 732,019, dated July 24, 1953). Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 55 ( 1), B( 4 B 1: 5: 11). International Classification:-Cl Oj.

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* GB785909 (A)

Description: GB785909 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Arrangement for gasifying finely divided solid fuels in suspension

Description of GB785909 (A)

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

BE546018 (A) NL96936 (C) BE546018 (A) NL96936 (C) less Translate this text into Tooltip

[81][(1)__Select language] Translate this text into

The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION ^ Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March 9, 1956 No 7496/56 96 Application made in Germany on March 16, 1955. (Potent of Addition to No 732,019, dated July 24, 1953). Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 55 ( 1), B( 4 B 1: 5: 11). International Classification:-Cl Oj. COM LETE SIPEG Ii FIC Al WON Arrangement for Gasifying Finely Divided Solid Fuels in Suspension We, HEINR Ic H KOPPERS 'GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG, a 'joint Stock Company organised and existing under the laws of the German Federal Republic of. Moltkestrasse 29, Essen, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which, it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:In the main l Patent No '732,019 an arrangement is described by which finely divided solid fuels are

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gasified, in suspension with oxygen or air having a high oxygen content and in which a previously formed' mixture of fuel and oxygen or air enriched with oxygen is injected into a reaction chamber kept at high temperature through a pipe opening into said chamber in the form of a nozzle. In these arrangements, a pressure-measuring device is provided at the mixture-supply pipe opening into the reaction chamber, the said device indicating by means of acoustic or optical signals the fluctuations in pressure which are caused by interruptions in the supply of the reaction media and especially of the fuel, whereby if necessary, shut-off members and regulating members are also influenced, the said members controlling the supply of the oxygen or oxygen-containing gas. The essential purpose of this known arrangement consists according to the main patent in automatically stopping the supply, of oxygen as soon as interruptions in the supply of fuel occur 'By stopping this supply, the formation of explosive fuel-oxygen gas mixtures in the gasifying arrangement is prevented in the main patent the pressure device is connected directly to the mixture-supply pipe. This is disadvantageous, in that a gas mixture containing dust acts on the diaphragm of the pressure-measuring device, so that dust particles can be deposited on the said diaphragm and deleteriously affect the operation thereof. lPrce 3 s r AC, Ems j r According to the present invention, the pressure-measuring 'device is connected to the pipe through which the oxygen or air enriched with oxygen is supplied to the mixture-supply pipe or ithe mixing device It has, in fact been found that the pressure fluctuations' in the mixture-supply pipe are effected by corresponding pressure fluctuations in the supply pipe for the oxygen gas, Consequently, by controlling the pressure condition which obtains in the supply, pipe for the oxygen gas, it is also possible to detect disturbances in the supply of the gasification media in practically the same manner as by supervising the pressure condition in the mixture-supply pipe The arrangement according to the invention has the advantage that it is only gas which is substantialiy 'free from dust which acts on the pressure-measuring device. One embodiment of the invention is shown by way of example in the accompanying drawing. The mixture-supply pipe 4, which is surrounded at its nozzle-ike orifice 5 by a cooling jacket 3, projects into the reaction chamber 1 which is enclosed in the refractory brickwork 2 At a distance from the nozzle orifice which is sufficient to avoid impermissible heating due to heat radiation, the mixturesupply pipe 4 is connected to a mixing device 6, to which fuel dust is supplied by means of a conveyor worm 7, which merges at the end into a pear-shaped guide member 8 Oxygen or

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air enriched with oxygen is injected from the pipe line 19 into the space between the housing of the mixer device '6 and the guide member 9, the said oxygen or air combining with the fuel dust forced by 'the conveyor worm 7 into the annular space and moving as a homogeneous mixture into the supply pipe 4 The fuel dust flows to the conveyor worm '7 from a hopper 10, which is shut off from outside by a gate member 11 Connected to the mixture-supply pipe 9 is a pressuremeasuring pipe 12 leading to a pressure gauge 13, where it is possible to read off the pressure actually obtaining in the pipe 9 This pressure gauge 13 can be connected through relays to a shut-off member 14 controlling the oxygen pipe 9 and to a switch for the driving motor of the worm 7 in such manner that with predetermined variations of the pressure, the shut off valve 14 is closed and the worm 7 is stopped. Under certain circumstances, the mixture supply pipe 4 can also be connected to another pipe through which a secondary supply of oxygen, gas saturated with steam is introduced into the mixture-supply pipe If such a secondary oxygen-supply pipe is provided, this can also be connected, as described, to a pressuremeasuring device corresponding to the pipe 12 and the pressure gauge 13. It is also possible to connect a separate pressure-measuring device directly to the mixture-supply pipe In this case, the pressure condition in the oxygen pipes and in the mixture-supply pipe are also supervised.

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* GB785910 (A)

Description: GB785910 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Method for producing hollow filter mouthpieces for cigarettes or the like

Description of GB785910 (A)

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A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

CH339855 (A) DE1011340 (B) US2920631 (A) CH339855 (A) DE1011340 (B) US2920631 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip

[83][(1)__Select language] Translate this text into

The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,910 /(a t Date of Application and filing Complete Specification March 28, 1956. No 9682/56. Application made in Germany on April 21, 1955. Complete Specification Published Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 130, C( 1 A 4: 2). International Classification: -A 24 c, d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Method for Producing Hollow Filter Mouthpieces for Cigarettes or the like I, KURT K 6 RBER, a German citizen, of 10, Am Pfingstberg, Hamburg-Bergedorf, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to a new or improved method for producing hollow filter mouthpieces for cigarettes or the like articles for smoking. The smoker of filter mouthpiece cigarettes may prefer that his mouth shall not come into contact during smoking with the end of the filter plug nearest the mouth, or the smoke residues collected thereon It is therefore known to provide a hollow space at the mouth end of the filter mouthpiece cigarette and to arrange the filter within the filter wrapper at a suitable distance from the mouth end For this purpose already various types of mouthpieces have become known, for example a type in which a paper tube is inserted in the filter wrapper consisting of thin cigarette paper. In another form of filter mouthpiece construction filter plugs are

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wrapped with a comparatively stiff paper tube which projects at one end to form a hollow space and the term "hollow filter mouthpiece" is used hereinafter to denote such a construction. The invention relates to a method for producing the last-named type of filter mouthpieces It is known in itself to produce such mouthpieces mechanically by rod methods in which filter plugs of twice the final length are deposited on the paper strip at spacings equal to twice the length of the hollow spaces and then to wrap the gummed paper strip around them in a rod former device The rod formed, including plugs and hollow spaces _s then cut up at those points at which the plugs are located so that filter rods with hollow spaces are produced which then are supplied for further treatment. Such hollow filter rods produced by rod procedures embody various disadvantages It lPrice 3 s 6 d l is not possible in production to deposit filter sections of twice the final length at always uniform distances on the paper strip so that in one case the hollow space is somewhat smaller and 50 in another it is somewhat larger This fault is repeated then also in the finished filter mouthpiece cigarette since the depth of the hollow space as seen from the mouth end may occur differently This tends to reduce the quality of 55 the finished cigarette since even small deviations become immediately noticeable to the smoker Moreover the construction of such rod machines is complicated, they occupy a comparatively great space and are expensive in 60 construction and maintenance. The method according to the invention avoids these disadvantages by the fact that for producing hollow filter mouthpieces those machines or those constructions are used 65 which are known for uniting two cigarette lengths, disposed in the axial direction in the grooves of a feeder, with an interposed filter mouthpiece of twice the final length. The production of hollow filter mouthpieces 70 differs from that of filter mouthpiece cigarettes by the fact that filter plugs of twice the final length are withdrawn from a magazine, are delivered to the grooves of conveyor means, for example a drum, and are divided into two 75 equal halves, which are separated by twice the amount of the hollow space required and then joined together by a wrapping a gummed connector sheet around them. The filter rod sections of twice the final 80 length of the plugs can be withdrawn without disturbance from the magazine and delivered to the grooves of the drum. The double filter mouthpiece produced according to the invention is wrapped over its 85 whole length by a connector sheet of a comparatively stiff paper and is severed in the centre to form a hollow filter mouthpiece only when producing filter cigarettes, that

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is after a cigarette has been secured to each end of the 90 mouthpiece. The method according to the invention is 785,910 shown in detail diagrammatically on the accompanying drawing, in which:Fig 1 represents a side view of apparatus for carrying out the method, Fig 2 shows the movement of a mouthpiece, Fig 3 is view of a finished double hollow filter mouthpiece, and Fig 4 shows a filter cigarette mouthpiece group with a hollow filter mouthpiece in section. At A (see also Fig 2) filter plugs 2 of twice the final lengths are withdrawn from a magazine 1 and delivered to grooves 3 running parallel to the axis of a conveyor drum 4 rotating in the direction of the arrow 41 On further movement the filter plugs 2, which are held by suction, are halved at J by a knife 6 and the two halves, now forming filter plugs 2 ca, 2 b are slid apart at K by means of a wedgeshaped guide rail 6 a so that a space is formed between them which corresponds to a hollow space of twice the final length of that in the finished hollow filter mouthpiece. After transfer to a further drum 7 the further guide rail 6 b becomes operative over a portion of the periphery which hinders possible sliding together of the filter plugs 2 a and 2 b on this drum and ensurse that at D there is always the same spacing between them. At E a connector sheet 8, coated with gum by a known gumming device, is stuck to the filter plugs 2 a and 2 b located at the correct distance one from the other and thus the spacing between them is fixed On further feeding movement the groups so formed, consisting of two filter plugs arranged at a spacing one from the other and the gummed connector sheets, are delivered to the grooves 9 of a wrapping drum 10 on which the connector sheets are wrapped by known means around the two filter plugs. The finished double hollow filter mouthpieces (Fig 3) each with the filter plugs 2 a and 2 b and the interpcesd hollow space 16 of twice the final length: are then transferred 45 to a further feeder drum 12 and pass over a delivery surface 13 on to a take-off belt 14 from which they are withdrawn for further use. The stiffness of the connector sheet 8 wrap 50 ped around the filter plugs 2 a and 2 b need not be made excessively great since when producing filter mouthpiece cigarettes a second gummed connector sheet 8 a is wrapped around the double length filter mouthpiece as 55 shown in Fig 4 and around a portion of the butting cigarettes 18, 19 for the purpose of fastening the cigarettes to the mouthpieces so that after severing the assemblies of cigarettes and filter mouthpieces at the points 20 to form 60 cigarettes having hollow filter mouthpieces according to the invention, the hollow spaces 16 a, 16 b formed at the mouthpiece ends of the individual filter cigarettes can no longer be

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compressed by the lips of the smoker since 65 the sleeve-like shell surrounding the hollow space consists of two paper layers which are gummed together so that a sufficient stiffness is obtained.

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* GB785911 (A)

Description: GB785911 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improved electrical heater elements

Description of GB785911 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 7859911 4 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification April 18, 1956. No 11824/56. Application made in United States of America on May 4, 1955. Application made in United States of America on June 3, 1955. Complete Specification Published Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance: -Classes 39 ( 3), H( 1 D: 2 E 4 C); and 83 ( 2), A 66. International Classification: -B 23 p H 05 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improved Electrical Heater Elements We, GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION, a Company incorporated under the Laws of the State of Delaware in the United States of America, of Grand Boulevard in the City of Detroit, State of Michigan, in the United States of America (Assignees of ROBERT DANIEL BREMER), do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:-

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This invention relates to electrical heater element and to methods of making the same. The invention is concerned particularly with such elements as comprise a tubular sheath containing insulated resistance elements. A heater element according to this invention comprises an outer sheath filled with compacted insulation and containing a plurality of longitudinally extending conductors connected to terminals protruding from one end of the sheath, and a plug of heat-resistant resilient material in and gripped by said end such that it protrudes therefrom and locates said terminals therein. In one form, a single plug is used; and in another form a plurality of spaced plugs are used. In making such elements, the resistance wire extending through the sheath is packed with powdered insulating material, and the end containing the synthetic rubber plug is then swaged down until the plug is compressed tight enough to insure that it is permanently held. The plug can have an external fin between the terminals to increase the length of the surface path between the terminals. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims; and how it can be performed is hereinafter particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:Figure 1 is a vertical part section of a heater element according to this invention, shown as it is being filled with powdered insulation material; lPrice 3 s 6 d) Figure 2 is a fragmentary section of the upper end of the element of a later stage in its manufacture; Figure 3 is a section of the element on line 3-3 of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a view showing the swaging of the terminal end of the sheath; Figure 5 is a part sectional view showing the pressing of the major portion of the sheath into a triangular shape; Figure 6 is a section on line 6-6 of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a vertical section of another form of heater element according to the invention; Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary section on line 8-8 of Figure 7 and shows the section line 7-7 of Figure 7; Figure 9 is a similar section of the terminal portion of the element substantially at the end of the swaging operation, and Figure 10 is a plan of a surface heater element made according to this invention. In Figure 1 there is shown a tubular sheath 20, made of heat resistant material such as high chromium steel, within which are terminals 22 and 24 located by a heat resistant synthetic rubber plug 26 and a crushable ceramic bushing 27 The terminals 22 and 24 are prevented from moving longitudinally by a cap-shaped clamping block 28 carrying set screws 20 and 32 mounted but not attached to the lower end of the tubular sheath 20. Connected to the upper inner ends of the terminals is a loop of finely coiled resistance wire 34, which is held extended by a hook 48

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suspended from a removable funnel 50 seated upon the top of the tubular sheath 20. After the assembly of the parts as shown and described, powdered insulation material 51 is discharged from a spout 52 into the funnel 50 to fill the sheath 20 A mechanical shaker 53 shakes the sheath to pack the material itself around the terminals 22, 24 or the loop 34 of resistance wire When the sheath 20 is sufficiently filled, the hook 48 and the funnel 50 are removed, and the end of the sheath near the loop 34 is then squared to compact the adjacent insulating material and thereby hold the resistance wire loop 34 firmly in place This is effected, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, by transverse press dies 54. This end of the sheath 20 is then completely filled with insulating material 51 and closed by an inserted cap 58 which is sealed in by turning over the end of the sheath 20 The clamping fixture 28 is then removed by loosening the clamping screws 30 and 32. The plugged end of the filled sheath 20, which may have an initial diameter of say 0.50 ", is then swaged down in a swaging machine 60 (Figure 4) to a diameter of say 0.450 inch This compacts the insulation 51 and crushes the ceramic bushing 27 and also simultaneously squeezes the synthetic rubber plug 26 sufficiently to seal the terminals 22 and 24 in the end of the sheath 20 and to force it axially and into firm contact with the crushed bushing 27 This provides an adherent, permanent resilient hermetic seal for the terminal end of the heater Part of the rubber plug 26 is forced axially beyond the end of the sheath 20, as shown in Figure 4. This part is formed with an integral, outwardly extending fin 63 between the terminals 22 and 24, as shown in Figure 1. To prevent moisture from promoting surface arcing, the exposed surface of the plug 26 and the adjacent exposed portions of the terminals 22 and 24 have applied thereto as by brushing, spraying or dipping, a water repellent, such as a 2 % solution ofx linear methylpolysiloxanes in naphthalite A preferred linear methylpolysiloxanes has a viscosity of about 1000 centi-stokes, and a formula CH ((CH)2 Si O),Si(CH), They are also known as methyl silicone oils The naphthalite readily vaporizes to leave a thin waterrepellent film of methylpolysiloxanes upon the plug and terminals. After this swaging the sheath 20, over a length between the two swaged end portions, is pressed by a flat-bottomed upper die 62 into a long V-shaped notch 64 in a lower die 66 to compact it into a triangular shape The compacted powdered insulation holds the two portions of the loop 34 separate from each other and from the sheath 20. Referring the embodiment shown in Figures 7 to 10, the sheath 20 contains three terminals 122, 124 and 126 connected to coiled resistance wires 128, 130, 132 respectively.

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The three terminals 122, 124 and 126 are held spaced by an outer resilient synthetic rubber plug 134, an outer ceramic crushable bushing 136, an inner resilient plug 138 of synthetic rubber, and a crushable ceramic bushing 140 These plugs and bushings are fitted together within the terminal end of the sheath 20 as shown in Figure 8 For surface heaters of electric ranges and high temperature heaters, the plug 134 and the bushing 138 are preferably made of resilient silicone rubber For lower temperature heaters the plug 134 and the bushing 138 may be made of Buna N synthetic rubber. The plug 134 has outer radial ribs 142 (Figure 7) between the terminals 122, 124, 126 These ribs 142 increase the length of 70 the surface path between the terminals, and make it practical to provide as many as three terminals at one end and seal them in a small space. In making the element, the sheath 20 is 75 filled with a suitable powdered insulation 144, such as magnesium oxide The opposite end of the sheath 20 is sealed by a metal cap, as previously described; and the cap may be welded to the sheath 20 to form a permanent 80 metal seal Alternatively, that opposite end of the sheath may have one or three terminals and a sealing arrangement similar to that shown in Figure 8. The contents of the sheath 20 are next corm 85 pacted as previously described, then, as shown in Figure 9, the terminal end is swaged down by approximately a 250 % reduction, during wvhich the ceramic bushings 136 and 140 hold the terminals 122, 124 and 126 in proper 90 position substantially equally spaced from each other and also substantially equally spaced from the outer sheath 20 They also prevent the inward movement of the plug 134 and prevent axial movement of the plug 138 The 95 outer plug 134 is forced out of the end of the sheath 20 a short distance, as previously described The inner resilient plug 138 is permanently locked within the sheath 20 and is highly compressed This increases the seal 100 ing of the terminals 122, 124 and 126 in the adjacent end of the sheath with an air tight seal capable of resisting high pressures. To make a surface heater, the remaining 105 portions of the sheath 20 formed into a spiral and then pressed into a triangular shape as shown in Figure 10. The exposed surface of the plug 134 and the adjacent portions of the terminals 122, 110 124 and 126 can only be coated with a water repellent, as previously described.

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* Last updated: 08.04.2015 * Worldwide Database * 5.8.23.4; 93p

* GB785912 (A)

Description: GB785912 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to methods of producing luminescent materials

Description of GB785912 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 78.51912 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 7, 1956. No 14067156. Application made in Netherlands on May 10, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 39 ( 1), 54 (C: F: G: H: J: L: Q: R: W). International Classification:-CO 9 k. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to methods of Producing Luminescent Materials We, PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of Spencer House, South Place, Finsbury, London, E C 2, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to methods of producing luminescent silicate materials which when irradiated by radiation produced in a gas and/or vapour-discharge tube, emit ultraviolet rays with la maximum emission between 2800 A and 3500 A The invention also relates to luminescent materials produced by such methods and to radiation sources comprising the combination of a low-pressure mercury-vapour discharge tube and said luminescent materials. A plurality of luminescent substances have been produced for a variety of uses, which substances, under the action of the radiation produced in a gas and/or vapour-discharge tube, emit rays having a maximum emission at certain wave-lengths Endeavours have been made in the past to find substances having a maximum emission in the visible part of

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the spectrum, that is to say between about 4000 A and 8000 A However, recently that part of the spectrum situated between 2800 A and 4000 A has become of great importance for various uses, for example, for blue-printing and for medical purposes. Although radiation in the 2800 Ato 4000 A range can partly be achieved from direct gasand/or vapour-discharges, it is of importance to, produce luminescent substances the inaximum emission of which falls within this range, for the gas and/or vapour-discharges have a limitation in that they emit a line spectrum, of which usually only a few lines have sufficient intensity for practical use It is true that discharges can be produced in gases under high pressure, so that the line spectrum changes into a band-spectrum, but even, in this case there is the disadvantage that an Ptice -;g emission of sufficient intensity cannot be achieved in all the parts of the spectrum between 2800 A and 4000 A In order to mitigate these disadvantages, a number of substances have been produced, which convert ultra-violet radiation into radiation having a maximum between 2800 A and 4000 A By the choice of the elements in the matrix lattice and of the activators of these substances comparatively strong emissions can be produced in certain parts of the spectrum between 2800 A and 4000 A Thus, for example, ceriumactivated compounds are known, which can be excited by radiation of a wavelength of less than 2900 A and which convert this radiation into a radiation having a maximum at about 3300 A However, these substances have a limitation in that the efficiency of the conversion is sufficiently high for a comparatively short part only of the life of the discharge tube in which they are ranged Another substance the maximum emission of which lies at about 3300 A, is a thallium-activated ortijophosphate of calcium. Furthermore, a number of lead-activated alkaline earth silicates have been described, which, on being excited by short-wave ultraviolet radiation, shown an emission the maximum of which lies between 3000 A and 4000 A It has been stated that in certain cases in addition to alkaline earth metals, provision can be made of zinc or magnesium. In view of the great importance of the spectrum between 2800 A and 4000 A for many uses, it is desirable to increase the number of useful luminescent substances, the maximum emission of which falls within this range In addition to the known lead-activated silicates, it has now been found that other silicates of one or more alkaline earth metals which, by activation with lead and subject to certain conditions with respect to the relative proportions of the elements in the matrix lattice on being excited by short-wave ultraviolet rays, emit a radiation having a maximum in the desired range and having a satisfactory 2 785,912 efficiency The present inventi methods of producing these hun stances.

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According to the present inven of producing a luminescent characterized by the steps of pre ture of compounds of the elem magnesium, silicon and lead, an zinc and/or barium, and heating in an oxidizing atmosphere to a between 900 C and 1200 C f hours, the amounts of the coin such that the proportions of the in said mixture satisfy the foll ratio conditions: 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.35 < Ca+Ba Cat+Ba+Mg+Zn+ Mg+Zn Ga+Ba+Mg+Zn+ Si Ca+Ba+Mg+Zn+ Pb 0.0003 < Ca+Ba+Mg+Zn + Mg 0 2 < Mg+Zn and Ca 0.2 Ca + Ba Preferably the amounts of th are such that the proportions of ments in said mixture satisfy i atomic ratio conditions: Ca+Ba 0.075 < 0.075 < 0.40 < 0 004 < Ca+Ba+Mg+Zna+' Mg + Zn Ca+Ba+Mg+Zn+ si Ca+Ba+Mg+Zn+ Pb Ca+Ba+Mg+Zn+' Mg 0.02 < Mg+ Zn and on relates to Ca finescent sub 0 02 < < 1 0, Ca+Ba tion a method A substance produced by the above-desmaterial, is cribed method is very suitable for use in comparing a mix bination with a low-pressure mercury-vapour tents calcium, discharge tube, since the discharge of such a Ld, if desired, tube emits a high amount of radiation of a the mixture wavelength of 2537 A, which thus can be L temperature converted, with satisfactory efficiency, into a or from 1 to radiation having a maximum emission between Lpounds being 2800 A and 3500 A The substance may be said elements coated as a layer to the inner wall of the owing atomic envelope of this discharge tube However, the substance may alternatively be arranged outside the discharge tube, for example, on a reflector In this case it must obviously be < 0 45, ensured that the exciting radiation can leave Si the discharge tube The envelope of the said tube may, for example, be made of quartz. It has been found that the element zinc can < 0 60, be included without the efficiency of the conSi version and the maximum of emission of the luminescent products obtained being affected perceptibly. < 0 90, By the inclusion of the element barium the Si wavelength of the maximum emission can be varied within the range 2800 A to 3500 A. Suitable compounds for use in carrying out < 0 1, the methods in accordance with the invention, Si are oxides, nitrates and carbonates of strontium, calcium, barium, zinc, magnesium and lead The silicon is preferably added as an 1 0, oxide Mixtures of these compounds are also highly suitable. As a flux, use may be made of fluorides of the alkaline earth metals and of lead Thus, 10, the production temperature is reduced and the crystallization is promoted However, the amount of fluoride in mols should not exceed c compounds 1/10 of the sum total of calcium, magnesium the said ele and silicon. the following Examples of methods in accordance with the invention are given hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which

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the emission curves of the substances produced by < 0 40, the-methods described in the Examples are Si shown In the graph, the wavelength in Angstrom units is plotted as the abscissa and the intensity of the radiation is plotted as the < 0 525, ordinate However, the scale of intensity is Si different for the different curves. EXAMPLE I 35.0-gms of Ca CO, < 0 70, 9 0 gmis of Mg O Si 28 1 gms of Si O. are mixed in a mortar This mixture is diluted in a beaker with a small amount of alcohol < 0 04, to form a paste and is wetted with 25 milliSi litres of a solution of Pb (NO,), containing ' gram molecule per millilitre The mixture is thoroughly agitated and subsequently < 1 0, dried by evaporation at about 1000 C The dry powder is again mixed in a mortar and subsequently heated in an alundum crucible for 785,912 a mortar and again heated in an alundum crucible for 2 hours to a temperature of 10500 C in air, and then left to cool in the crucible. On excitation by a radiation of 2537 A, the 70 substance produced exhibits a spectral distribution curve which substantially coincides with the curve 2 of the drawing. EXAMPLE V 35.0 g Ca CGQ 75 4.5 g Mg O' 8.1 g Zn O 28.1 g Si O, are mixed The mixture is stirred in a beaker with some alcohol to form a paste Sub 80 sequently 25 millilitres of a solution of Pb (NO,)2 containing 10 i gram-molecules per millilitre are added The mixture is dried by evaporation thoroughly mixed in a mortar and heated in an alundum crucible for 2 hours to 85 8500 C in air The fired product is ground up in a mortar and subsequently heated again in air for 2 hours to a temperature of 10500 C. and then left to cool in the crucible. On excitation by a radiation of 2537 A, a 90 spectral distribution curve is obtained which substantially coincides with the curve 1 of the drawing. The luminescent substances produced by one of the above-described methods can be applied 95 in the normal known manner as a luminescent layer in or upon a discharge tube or on a reflector.

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* GB785913 (A)

Description: GB785913 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in and relating to pipe couplings

Description of GB785913 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 10, 1956. No 14565/56. Application made in Germany on May 18, 1955. Ha Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 99 ( 1), G( 1 OA: 10 B: 3 WC). International Classification:-FO 6 L COMPLETE SP'ECI'FICO Ar ION Improvements, in and relating to Pipe Couplings We, HANS KREIDEL and HA Ns KREIDEL Junior, both of German nationality, and both of Adelheidstrasse 30, Wiesbaden, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The flanges of the usual joints for pipes, in which the packing means or gaskets are introduced between the pipe end faces or the flange faces, are formed integral with or are loosely attached to the pipes 'Flanged pipes are consequently somewhat expensive to manufacture In the case of cast-iron pipes, the flanges are cast on, which necessitates relatively expensive moulds and, in particular, limits the length of the pipes If instead 'of flanges made integrally with the pipe by casting or upsetting, loose flanges are fitted over the pipe ends, a stop ring or rebate is required which can only be produced by a separate operation, e.g roiling or expanding. Welding of the flanges on the pipe ends also involves additional work quite apart from the fact that the welding operation itself involves certain, undesirable modifications in material structure and properties, in particular embrittlement, which are especially undesirable at the pipe joints {Consequently, other solutions have been sought for the more economical construction of flange joints It has, for instance, been proposed to avoid the mentioned disadvantages by employing loose fanges and effecting the connection between the pipe ends and the flanges to be reciprocally drawn together by a

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coupling ring, self-gripping by its own elasticity, the internal diameter whereof is smaller than the external diameter of the ppes concered. When the flanges are drawn together to bring the pipe butts together, this self-gripping coupling ring draws the pipe ends with it and thus effects the connections between the flange and the pipe This procedure is further aided by the provision of a screw thread on the coupling ring which is caused by the axial lPrice 3 s 6 d l displacement of the pipe flanges while being drawn together, to produce an increasingly firm gripping action of the coupling ring on the outside of the pipe. The proposal has not been found suitable because in practice it is too difficult to mass produce the elastic, self-gripping coupling rings This is due firstly to the fact that each ring must be accurately made in order to have the required, elastically self-gripping action on the pipe; furthermore, it must be hardened in order to be able to grip or bite into the pipe, which is difficult to effect without distortion or warping Since, in general, the manufacturing allowances for pipes increase with the diameter, the limiting diameter is so on reached at which one and the same pipe size can be joined by a ring of one particular size; or indeed the manufacture of such coupling rings is still economically possible A further disadvantage is that the elastic coupling rings, when once mounted on the pipes, Can only be removed therefrom destructively. In addition, such elastic coupling rings must, depending on the amount of axial motion required to bring the pipe butts together by the tightening of the flanges, be seated on the pipe ends at 'a particular distance from the butt, which is only possible by the use of special gauges or jigs Moreover, if an, internal thread is to be additionally provided on such an elastic coupling ring, the penetration of this thread into the external surface of the pipe will only be slight, because the proper setting angle for the action of a cutting thread is not available. The invention proposes a flange-like pipe joint consisting of a sleeve connecting the ends of the two pipes to be joined and in which the disadvantages described above are' no, longer present The sealing of the joint itself is performed in an essentially known manner, for instance by placing packing means between the end faces of the pipes or at the points of contact of the connecting sleeve with the surfaces of the pipe ends or at any suitable points within the connecting sleeve. 85.913 rice up 2 785,913 The sealing means are separate and distinct from the joining means. A flange-like pipe joint in accordance with the invention is characterised in that a sleeve receiving the two pipe ends has at each

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of its end faces two or more gripping elements in the form of claws provided on their end faces towards the pipe wall with cutting edges of a harder consistency than the pipe material, and in that the claws are axially and radially movable with reference to the pipes thereby to cause the cutting edges of the claws to penetrate or cut into the pipe surfaces with formation of ridges of material. In order to mnake the pipe joint or connection it is merely necessary Ito insert the pipe ends with any gasket or sealing means into the joint sleeve until they abut an internally projecting shoulder or ring therein, and then to tighten the cutting claws as evenly as possible until each such claw has sufficiently deeply penetrated or cut into the material of the pipe and hence caused a sufficiently secure gripping of the pipe ends with respect to the sleeve and thus a complete, flange-lik-e pipe joint. The number of such cutting claws to be provided for such attachment of a pipe in such a sleeve will increase with increasing diameter of the pipe For small diameters, two oppositely located cutting claws on the sleeve will be sufficient; preferably, however, three such cutting claws, equally spaced on the pipe circumference should be provided, in order thus to ensure a statically determined bearing of the pipes to be joined in the sleeve Preferably the cutting claws are each made with a cutting edge profile matching the curvature of the pipe surface and are moved axially and radially with respect to the pipe, in guides enabling them to cut into or engage the pipe surface, 'by means of setting screws. An essential for the proper functioning of the flange-like pipe connection is the possibility of axial and radial motion of the cutting claws obliquely towards the pipe surface in the direction of the end of the sleeve, and a setting angle of the cutting edges suitable for penetration into the surface of the pipe. The particular value of this new form of flange joint consists in that neither large allowances in the pipe diameter nor the condition of the pipe surface can adversely influence the efficacy of the gripping of the pipes by the joint sleeve Any kind of surface roughness or defect such as rust or scale, superficial distortion of the cylindrical pipe curvature, pitting, scabs or similar defects are immaterial for the security of the joint In addition, the cutting or gripping action is externally visible and controllable in such a manner that the pipe fitter is directly in a position to supervise the making of a sound joint. The flange joint of the invention further enables repeated use of the same pipe, it being immaterial whether the cuts or burrs produced by a preceding joining operation can be used again, or whether new cuts have to be made next to those existing.

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The accompanying drawings show a num 70 ber of exemplary forms or embodiments of the flanged pipe joint according to the invention. Fig 1 of the drawings is an end -view of a sleeve equipped with three cutting claws 75 Fig 2 a represents the left half of a section along the line 2-2 of Fig 1, with the cutting claws drawn tight and showing a gasket in the sleeve wall. Fig 2 b represents the right half of a sec 80 tion along the line 2-2 of Fig 1, before tightening of the cutting claws and showing a butt end gasket sealing the pipe against the sleeve. Fig 3 is an end view of an alternative 85 form or embodiment. Fig 4 a represents the left half of a section along the line 4-4 of Fig 3 with the cutting claws tightened and showing a gasket in the sleeve wall 90 Fig 4 b represents the right half of a section along the line 4-4 of Fig 3 immediately before tightening of the cutting claws and showing a cutting edge seal incorporated in the joint sleeve 95 In all the figures the joint sleeve is denoted by 1, the pipe ends to be joined (only one of which is shown) by 3, the cutting claws by 5 and their cutting edges of harder material than the material of the pipe by 6 100 In the exemplary forms or embodiments according to Figs 1, 2 a and 2 b three cutting claws 5 are provided at each end of the sleeve, being equally spaced over the circumference of the pipe 3 and hence also equally spaced over 105 the circumference of the sleeve For this purpose each end of the sleeve body is provided at three points with lateral lugs 7 having extensions 8 projecting beyond the end face of the sleeve These extensions 8 are internally 110 oblique with reference to the pipe axis and act conjointly with the correspondingly bevelled back faces 9 of the cutting claws 5. The penetration of the cutting claws 5 into the surface of the pipe 3 is effected by box 115 head screws 10 with hexagonal recesses working in tapped holes 11 in the laterally projecting lugs 7 of the sleeve 1 For this purpose the cutting claws 5 are each provided with an elongated hole 12 When the screws 10 are 120 tightened the cutting claws 5 move axially and radially towards the pipe butt end 3 in such a fashion that the cutting edges 6 penetrate the pipe wall in the required manner, the cutting edges 6 themselves being so, formed 125 that they cut into the pipe wall as the necessary angle of incidence The box head screws are operated by means of plug spanners Instead of the box head screws 10, screws with ordinary heads can be em 130 785,913

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