اوبرتف
TRANSCRIPT
Some important points in OPERATIVE for 2nd year students you may read it :)
1- Anchorage Of The Restoration Is Made By : Parallelism Of Opposing Walls OR Slight Undercuts In Dentin .
2-Two Separate Cavities Should not be united unless the separating ridge is less than 0.5 mm such as : Oblique ridge in upper molars & Transverse ridge in lower premolars
3- Excessive facio-lingual width weakens the cusps & exposes unnecessarily increased surface are of the restoration to stress .
4-Axial & pulpal walls are located 0.5 beyond the dentino-enamel junction to afford proper protection of the pulp & make space for enough thickness of amalgam to resist occlusal stresses .
5-Resistance to proximal displacement is obtained by placing grooves into the facial & lingual proximal walls at the depth of proximal wall .
6-A dove tail ( occlusal lock ) is formed by : flaring a portion of cavity preparation characters : wider than the isthmus of the preparation & provides mechanical resistance to proximal displacement .
7- Resistance form prevents fracture of restoration & tooth structure while retention form prevents dislodgment of the restoration .
8- convenience form provides access to prepare & restore the tooth properly .
9- we can use Adhesion form instead of resistance & retention form .
10- Retentive Pins are used in Extensive Cavity Preparation .immune area : less liable to caries 1- tips of cusps 2- crests of marginal and crossing ( transverse & oblique ) ridges 3-inclined plane of cusps & ridges 4-embrasures 5-axial angles of teeth
11- Resistance form is influenced by direction of cavity walls & enamel rods removal of undermined enamel definite line angles cavity depth type of restorative material
12-Retention is influenced by undercuts grooves pins dove tails adhesives post & core
13-Convenience form is influenced by armamentarium to be used accessibility for proper caries removal accessibility for proper restoration placement type of restoration to be used|
14- A matrix band can be used for protection of adjacent tooth during proximal cavity preparation .15-The cavity preparation should be carried to ideal form and depth before any deep caries is removed to : avoid possible contamination
16-cavity debridement is carried by chlorohexidine solution applied by cotton and followed by drying .
17-The technique we use while using composite as a filling material is :minimum invasive technique .
18-Outline form is influenced by :type of caries type of restoration esthetics occlusion extension for retention , resistance , convenience
19-best form of the cavity for amalgam restoration is mortise ( box ) form .
20-Undercut is one of intra-coronal means of retention while dove tail is one of extra-coronal means of retention .
21-If one cusp of the tooth is badly destructed it is preferred to use pins for retention .
22-If the whole crown of the tooth is badly destructed it is preferred to use post & core for retention .
23-MENTAL IMAGE of the finished preparation should be planned before any cutting in the tooth structure .
24-carious dentin is removed either by slow speed hp with large blunt round bur or excavator .
25-In Amalgam restoration , the preparation is coated with varnish to : reduce micro-leakage during the first few weeks .
26-Immune area : less liable to caries 1- tips of cusps 2- crests of marginal and crossing ( transverse & oblique ) ridges 3-inclined plane of cusps & ridges 4-embrasures 5-axial angles of teeth .
27-To avoid burning the tooth during cavity preparation : apply light intermittent pressure during cutting in the tooth structure .
28-Avoid cutting in bearing ares :a-lingual cusp in upper teeth b-buccal cusp in lower teeth c-distal cusp of the canine d-marginal ridged-incisal edge of anterior teeth
29-Post & core are examples of Intraradicular means of retention .
30-Undercuts are made either by inverted cone bur or by using fissure bur with slight convergence of buccal & lingual walls .
31-If walls of preparation of cavity class 1 are parallel , retention depends on : frictional grip of dentin .
32-In case of amalgam , cavosurface margin is 90° but in case of composite and gold inlay it is beveled at 45° .
33-Finishing the mesial & distal walls of the lingual step in occluso-lingual class 1 compound is done by : Ename Hatchet .
34-In upper molars class 1 cavity preparation , we should flare out a-ends of kidney shape b-mesial side of oval shape
35-shallow cavity ---> varnish + amalgam moderate cavity ---> varnish + base + amalgam deep cavity ---> varnish + liner + base + amalgam
36-In case of amalgam , cavosurface margin is 90° as amalgam has low edge strength .
37-In case of gold inlay , cavosurface margin is beveled at 45° as gold has high edge strength .
38-The general mechanism of dental caries includes :a-host ( teeth ) b-micro-organismsc-medium ( CHO )
39-The advantages of using 245 bur are :a-gives ideal depth ( 1.5 mm ) by using half length of the bur b-makes definite & round line angles c-makes undercuts
40-Finishing the gingival margins in compound class 1 compound is done by : gingival marginal trimmers .
41-The technique used in buccal pits of molars cavity preparation when there is defect between two lobes is called : Ameloplasty technique .
42-The secret of a good amalgam filling is condensation of the amalgam .
43-Probe may be : curved , straight , briaults , contra-angle
44-To detect class 2 , you may use : probe , trans illumination , x-ray , laser spectroscopy ( diagnopen ) , dental floss , RVGradio visio graphy 45-In class 2 cavity preparation , to achieve convenience form , the axial wall should follow contour of mesial or distal surface bucco-lingualy to prevent pulp exposure .
46-In class 2 cavity preparation , to achieve retention form , we make undercut at gingival wall & deepen line angles buccally and lingually .
47-In compound class 2 cavity preparation , to prevent injury of the neighboring teeth we use a technique called : proximal ditch technique .
48-Simple class 2 cavity preparation , occurs in : absence of adjacent tooth , penile gum recession in very old or very sick patient & very conservative approach for people with low caries index using fluoridation and good oral hygiene measures .
49-The two forms of simple class 2 cavity preparation are : black's form & conservative form ( slot preparation ) .
50-Removal of decay in simple class 2 is done by : old , blunt , rounded , long rose head bur at low speed OR recently using sonyc system ( safe sided ultrasonic diamond tip ) .
51-The preparation in which we reach to the caries in proximal surface through sound occlusal surface is called : Tunnel preparation .
52-In proximal ditch technique , we use 2 types of chiesels : Enamel hatchet , gingival marginal trimmer .
52-Compound class 2 cavity is composed of : occlusal box , proximal box & isthmus box .
53-Proximal box is composed of : buccal and lingual walls , axial wall & gingival wall .
54-In compound class 2 cavity preparation , to achieve convenience form , we flare up the lingual wall .
55-In compound class 2 cavity preparation , gingival step is 0.5 mm below the contact area & it is 2 mm in molars and 1.5 mm in premolars .
56-In compound class 2 cavity preparation , the shape of proximal box is inverted truncated form .
57-Inverted truncated form is characterized by : a-gingival wall below contact area into gingival embrasure .b-buccal & lingual walls extend to buccal & lingual embrassures to be free of contact with adjacent tooth .c-buccal wall inclined .d-lingual wall straight .
58-Advantages of inverted truncated form are :a-produce maximum resistance & retention .b-reach all immune areas to prevent recurrent caries .c-conservation of tooth structure .d-prevents pulp exposure .e-reduces area of restoration subjected to occlusal forces reducing failure of restoration .
59-Outline of the isthmus in class 2 compound cavity preparation :a-In lingual side ( the embrasure is wide ) the isthmus is straight .b-In buccal side ( the embrasure is narrow ) the isthmus may be : straight in close contact , curved in wide contact , reverse curve in narrow embrasure .
60-Width of isthmus is 1/4 inter-cuspal space with high cu-amalgam .
61-Depth of isthmus is not less than 2 mm .
62-Isthmus walls ( gingival wall ) should be flare-up or straight to prevent undermined enamel .
63-Beveling axio pulpal line angle to give adaptation of amalgam and prevent concentration of forces .
64-Retention form of compound class 2 is gained through retentive grooves in line angles between gingival & pulpal walls .
27-Retention form of compound class 2 is gained through undercuts . ( X )
65-Caries spread cervically more than occlusally as : a-softer dentin cervically .b-enamel thickness decreases cervically .c-buccal deflection ridge .
66-Class 5 is very critical as it spreads near the pulp .
67-Class 5 that occurs due to recession of the gum is called senile caries .
68-Coefficient of thermal expansion of silicate cement is 7 times more than the tooth .
1. Cavity Preparations Should Be Made Shallow . (√ )
2. Rounding internal line angles increases stress concentration . ( X )
3.Removal of decay should be carried before cavity preparation . ( X )
4-In badly decayed teeth , removal of decay is done immediately after obtaining the outline form . (√ )
5.Cavo-surface margins are usually planned with rotary instruments . ( X )
6-Diagnodent ( laser spectroscopy ) used for diagnosis of class 2 only . ( X )
7-In acute caries , there is bacteria at the depth of the cavity . ( X )
8-Undercuts are preferred to be in non-functional cusps . ( X )
9-Undercuts are preferred to be for inlay restorations . ( X )
10-duff tail is preferred to be for inlay restorations . (√ )
11-It is preferred to reach the final form then establishing the depth of the cavity .( X )
12.Amalgam is adhesive to tooth structure . ( X )
13-Cavity debridement means cavity toilet . ( X
14.Microleakage increase as the restoration age increases . ( X )
15.It is not allowed to make undercuts in buccal & lingual walls of class 1 preparation . ( X )
16.It is not allowed to make undercuts in mesial & distal walls of class 1 preparation . (√ )
17.Retention in class 1 is by extra-coronal means . ( X )
18.Using high copper amalgam , the width of the cavity is 1/4 intercuspal space & the depth of the cavity is 1 mm under ADJ . ( X )
19.In post operative sensetivity , we should remove the filling . (√ )
20.The most conservative shape of cavity preparation in buccal pits of molars is pear . (√ )
21.Ameloblsty technique is preferred to be done by using diamond burs . ( X )
22.The most conservative shape of cavity preparation in palatal pits of incisors is oval . (√ )
23.Class 2 is the smooth surface caries , occurring on the proximal surface of posterior teeth above the contact area . ( X )
24.In class 2 cavity preparation , to achieve convenience form , the axial wall should be diverged . ( X )
25-In class 2 cavity preparation , to achieve retention form , we deepen line angles mesially and distally . ( X )
26-If caries reach the pulp , it is called physiological exposure . ( X )
28.1st stage of clinical picture of class 5 can be detected by probe . ( X )
29.Pain to thermal condition is in the 2nd stage of clinical picture of class 5 .(√ )
30-Class 2 is constricted in cervical third of the proximal surface . ( X )
31-class 2 occurs predominantly in palatal surface . ( X )
32-Class 2 is the most common class . ( X )
33- In filling class 5 cavity of premolars , In case of low lip line , it is preferred to use composite than amalgam .( X )
34-In filling class 5 cavity of molars , it is preferred to use zn-free amalgam .(√ )
Mercury Hazards
Doc Ronno: mercury is a dense liquid that is highly toxic , with high vapour pressure at room temp....toxic manifestaions occur in the form of paraesthesia , joint pain or loss of hearing ...death occurs at exposure levels of 4000 micro gm/kg ...w mktoob elsources of exposure : accidental spills w direct contact w 7agat kda bs m3tqdsh enha mohma... wlmercury hygiene : cleaning up of spilled mercury immediately , proper ventilation of dental office,the use of a no touch technique,use mechanical amalgamators,storage of mercury and old amalgam scrap under water containing sodium thiosulfate in a sealed container....bs t2reebn
paraesthesia = a sensation of tingling, burning, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect. It is more generally known as the feeling of "pins and needles" or of a limb "falling asleep". The manifestation of paresthesia may be transient or chronic.
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االول الترم شفوي اسئلة
1 -special forms of chisels especially the enamel hatchet type ( it is a bin angle hatchet type used to remove underminded enamel in proximal box of a class II cavity ) 2- how
we make a resistance and retention form of class I cavity ) 3- types and classification of amalgam 4- you may be asked how to fix the tofflemire retainer 5- what is a
subpulpal wall ?? 6-the removal of caries by excavator is from periphery to the center
-Retention form & Resistance form -Length and & Width of the cavity -uses of excavators we Chisels (3la 7asb el
no3 elly enta gayboh) -types of probes. -shakl el Amalgam Carrier >> (Gun Shaped).
Chisels we Cotton Holder
el american football fe goz2 mostatel ta7t 3ayez esmoh >>> PLASTIC FILLING MATERIAL
Retention form : we make it to resist displacement of filling throught the undercuts.. -Resistance : we make it to resist fracture of any of tooth structure or filling by make
a smooth floor definite wall we keda ya3ny we deh htla2eha fe el principles of cavity preparation.
-Depth of Cavity :1.5 mm (below ADJ by 0.5 mm ) ya3ny nos el head of 245 bur. we width byb2a rob3 el intercuspal space.
-ana kont 7atet spoon excavator we dah byshel el soft dentin , we enamel hatchet we dahy by3mel cleaving ll enamel we kaman b3ml beh el proximal box class II...
TYPES OF PROBES: Several different kinds of hand-held probes are used by thedentist. The one used
mostoften in a regular examination isthe sickle or contra-angledprobe. This probe allows thedentist to detect pits andfissures, calculus, issues withbridges and crowns,
andcaries. A periodontal probemeasures the depth ofperiodontal pockets, while abriault probe detects caries onmesial and distal surfaces.
-the shape of Amalgam Carrier is Gun-Shaped.we el Cotton holder is plastic cup , put on it used cotton roll we lazm tegeboha..
he direction of mesial and distal walls in the cavity ?ANS:flared.
chisels" & excavators & cotton holder"uses
difference between converging walls w undercut...
why the depth is .5 in dentin? 1_to avoid hyper sensitivity of amelo dentinal junction,,,2-frictional retention of dentin ( d by3mlo irregularities of dentinal
tubules),,3-dentin act as acushion( l resilience of dentin is higher than enamel).
Dr waleed s2l f el condernsers anwa3ha w leh bnesta5dem el serrated m3 el amalgam w s2l f el depth of cavity w el width kaman w el enamel hatchet
types of probestoflymer
Amalgam btts2lo fel capsuleel plastic filling instru.
el mesial w el distal walls bykono diverged34an el direction bta3 el enamel rods
r waleed shawer 3la el prop we aly eh da we kman aly kol side esmo eh fa oltelo straight we curved fa aly el cured da esmo eh tany esmoh contra angle we kman saal
wahda zmelty 3an el amalgam carrier we shakloh eh we leh mesh bnemsek el amalgam bedena we kman dr el gayar saal law el mercury waa3 nemseko beeh we
kman rakez 3ala el resistance form we el retention form el scientifice identification we soal kman low hasal drob fe el cavity te3mel eh haga kman lma el dr yesalk toom
toaf 3lsham bitdayoo bas keda
eldoc s2lny 3la el carver 2oltlo hollenback carver 2ally bt3mly beeh a 2oltlo carving lel amalgam 2ally ezay wreto 2am 2ylly enty btmshy mn el distal wla el mesial 2oltlo
mmm kda :D 2ally mn el distal y3ny leeh msh mn el mesial 2oltlo msh 3arfa d ashlly :D .. msh 3arfa sara7a el mfrood egabtha a :D
cavo-surface margin or angle : eh hya(The angle formed by the junction of a cavity wall and the surface of a tooth) , w bteb2a 3amla ezay fe el amalgam ya3ny
bn3melhaha bevel wla la2 ,w el angle de leha esm ana msh fakrah :D
use of amalgam carrier .. & what will happen if we use our hand for putting el amalgam in the cavity
types of amalgam carrier .. w hy7sl eh if we used small amalgam condenser fe wide cavity???
undercut y2sod beh el angle el fl floor (for retention 5astn fl amalgam) w el converge di el hya el walls bta3t el undercut ( hwa kan rasemhom f rasma wa7da bs by2ol
enhom msh zai ba3d)
imp of post carving burnishing w class 5
means of retention - which instrument bete3mil retention
undercut&converageفي ايه بنعمل ل ؟ mesial &distalوسالنى
فى يكون امفروض اللى pulp wall وسالنىعرفى resistance وقالى
عليه بياثر اللى وايه
نقطة اجيب ( mercury لو تتخلصمنهم علي x_ray ازاي تحتوي النها عليها (tinواضعها
نفسها x- ray مشال تحميض بتعمل انت و بترميها و معاها بتبقى اللي الورقة
tin foil