5.2 mitosis and cytokinesis - warren county public schools · 5.2 mitosis and cytokinesis • dna...
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
BIG IDEA: Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Parent cell
centrioles
spindle fibers
centrosome
nucleus with DNA
• Interphase (G1, S, G2) prepares the cell to divide.
• During S-PHASE OF interphase, the DNA is duplicated.
" GOAL: Mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical daughter cells.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
" Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis.
• DNA wraps around proteins (histones) that condense it.
DNA double helix
DNA and histones
Chromatin Supercoiled DNA
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
• DNA plus histones is called chromatin.
• One half of a duplicated chromosome is a sister chromatid.
• Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere.
• Telomeres at the end of a chromosome protect DNA and do not include genes. Condensed, duplicated chromosome
chromatid
telomere
centromere
telomere
DIFFERENT TERMS FOR GENETIC MATERIAL BASED ON ITS STRUCTURE:
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis • Mitosis divides the cell’s nucleus in four phases.
PHASE 1: During prophase, chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
PHASE 2: During metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
– During anaphase, sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell.
• PHASE 3:
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
PHASE 4: During telophase, the new nuclei form and chromosomes begin to uncoil.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
• Cytokinesis differs in animal and plant cells. – In animal cells, the
membrane pinches together forming a cleavage furrow.
– In plant cells, a cell plate forms.