5/14/15

FP-5FP-5

T-44T-44

Emergency ProceduresEmergency Procedures

Ground Emergencies

Ground Emergencies

• Abnormal Start

• Emergency Engine Shutdown on Deck

• Loss of Brakes

• Hot Brakes

• Brake Fire

• Jammed Controls on Deck

Abnormal Start

Abnormal Start• Execute Memory Items: • Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF (note ITT decrease to below 790).• Starter – OFF.

• Know your starter limitations• If another start is attempted, allow 60 seconds

delay to drain fuel and cool starter, then motor for 15 seconds minimum.

Emergency Engine Shutdown on Deck

• Confirm, if possible, the fire actually exists by checking instruments and nacelles.

• Execute Memory Items:• Condition levers – FUEL CUTOFF.• Firewall valves – CLOSED.• Boost pumps – OFF.• Fire extinguisher – As Required.• AUX BATT Switch – OFF.• Gang Bar – OFF.• Evacuate aircraft.

Loss of Brakes/ Hot Brakes• Have other pilot check his/her pedals • Maintain directional control• Utilize prop reverse or beta to stop• Do not taxi; maneuver into open area• Check shuttle valve by pulling the top of the

brake pedal.• Call for assistance for tow

• Usually the result of excessive braking• Use reverse and minimum braking to stop• Allow the brakes to cool using prop wash• Locking the wheels may occur resulting in

blown tires• Call for assistance for tow

Brake Fire• Execute Memory Items:• Stop aircraft.• Firefighting assistance – Request.• Emergency Shutdown on Deck Checklist – Execute.

• Preferable to stay behind the aircraft. If the wheels explode because of rapid cooling, fragments will fly sideways from the wheel.

• Do not attempt to fight the fire!

Jammed Controls on Deck

• Check yaw damp/auto pilot OFF• Maintain controls in the jammed condition• Call for immediate inspection

Takeoff Emergencies

Takeoff Emergencies

• Aborting Takeoff

• Engine Failure During Takeoff

• Engine Failure After Takeoff

• Tire Failure

• Abnormal Takeoffs

Aborting Takeoff

• The decision to abort or continue is dependent on the length of remaining runway, airspeed, gross weight, and density altitude.

• Use extreme caution if takeoff surface is not hard and dry (reverse considerations).

• Mechanical stops are incorporated in the throttle quadrant; downward pressure must be applied to allow for reversing power.

Aborting Takeoff• Execute Memory Items:

• Announce “Abort.”• Power levers – IDLE• Reverse – As Required• Brakes – As Required• (Prior to departing the prepared surface):• Condition levers – FUEL CUTOFF• (As soon as practicable):• Firewall Valves – CLOSED• Boost pumps – OFF• Fire extinguisher(s) – As Required• AUX BATT switch – OFF• Gang Bar – OFF• Evacuate aircraft.

Engine Failure During Takeoff

Abort!

Engine Failure After Takeoff

Engine Failure After Takeoff

• Execute Memory Items:• Power – As Required• Gear – UP• Airspeed – As Required (Vxse or Vyse)• Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute.

• Warning: Do NOT retard the power lever until the feathering sequence is completed.

• Warning: No climb can be obtained with an inoperative engine windmilling. Always ensure the failed engine prop feathers!

Tire Failure

• If occurs during takeoff, ABORT.

• Control the aircraft using rudder, nosewheel steering and brakes, as necessary.

Abnormal Takeoffs

• You won’t do these.

• Reference NATOPS for:• Obstruction Clearance Takeoff• Soft-Field Takeoff• Short-Field Takeoff

Inflight Emergencies

In-Flight Emergencies (Part I)

• Engine Failure

• Emergency Shutdown Checklist

• Jammed Power Lever

• Airstarts

• Single-Engine Crossfeed

Engine Failure• Relax! No unusual handling characteristics.• Sufficient rudder trim to maintain level flight above 100 • knots (below requires manual augment)• Warning: Waving-off with full flaps will result in a loss

of 200’ before climb is established.• Execute Memory Items if experienced after takeoff.• DO NOT relight with a MOVEOFF item:

Emergency Shutdown Checklist

• Execute Memory Items:

• Power lever – IDLE

• Prop lever – FEATHER

• Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF.

• FTI: “Is it a FIRE or a FUEL LEAK?”

• Firewall Valve – CLOSED

• Fire extinguisher – As Required

• Bleed air – CLOSED

Engine Shutdown Checklist

• Continue with steps 7-8, conditions permitting.

• Don’t interrupt the checklist to conduct the Landing Checklist

• Fly the airplane first. Always remember:

AVIATE, NAVIGATE, COMMUNICATE

Jammed Power Lever

• If no abnormal conditions are detected, consideration can be given to keeping the engine running. Prior to landing…

• Execute Memory Items:• Condition lever (affected engine) – FUEL CUTOFF• Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute (PF)

Airstarts

• Either generator-assisted or battery-only (windmilling).

• You will see each one in the C4300 block.• Always determine the cause of failure first!

Airstarts

• Generator-assisted: Reference NATOPS.• This is the normal procedure for relight.

Airstarts• Windmilling: for inadvertent shutdown.

• Execute Memory Items:• Power lever (failed engine) – IDLE• Prop lever (failed engine) – Full Forward• Condition lever (failed engine) – FUEL CUTOFF• Firewall valve – OPEN• Autoignition – ARMED• Condition lever – LOW IDLE• Power – As Required• Complete steps 8-10.

Single-Engine Crossfeed

• Reference NATOPS

• OPEN the crossfeed valve

• Turn OFF the boost pump for the non-feeding tank

• Wing SOP: Fuel balancing is not authorized

• Only use for emergency purposes.

In-Flight Emergencies (Part II)• In-Flight Fire

• Smoke/Fire of Unknown Origin

• Smoke & Fume Elimination

• Oil System Failure

• Fuel System Failure

• Fuel Leaks

• Fuel Siphoning

• Electrical System Failure

• Propeller Failure

• Pilot Emergency Static Air Source

In-Flight Fire

• CONFIRM the fire exists.

• Sunlight may cause illumination of the warning light.

• If secondaries exist, shutdown.

• If no secondaries exist, consideration should be given to shutdown.

In-Flight FireFire, confirmed.

Smoke/Fire of Unknown Origin

• This checklist may be exited once the source is found.• Pausing between last 5 steps may isolate electrical fire.• With the Gang Bar OFF, you will still have AUX battery

items available (CRANE)• Maintain VMC if possible!• Land/ditch immediately if fire uncontrollable.• Execute Memory Items:

• Crew – Alerted.• Cabin temp mode – OFF• Vent blower – AUTO• Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required

Smoke & Fume Elimination

• Execute Memory Items:

• Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required

• Pressurization – DUMP

• Closing bleed air valves will reduce fumes

• Magnetic compass fluid is highly toxic! Execute memory items.

Oil System Failure• Pressure below 85psi is undesirable

• Tolerate for completion of flight• Reduce power, land as soon as practicable

• Pressure below 40psi, temp above 99 is unsafe, execute a shutdown.

• CHIP light – check for secondaries!• Either case, land as soon as possible• If none are detected, engine may be used with

discretion for situations requiring power.

Fuel System Failure

• Engine driven fuel pump failure leads to flameout

• Boost pump failure requires crossfeed or suction lifting

• Reference NATOPS! Your range may be affected.

Fuel Leaks

• Execute Memory Items:

• Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF

• Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute

• An apparent fuel leak might be fuel siphoning if it originates from the fuel cap.

Fuel Leaks

•FUEL SIPHONING: Extreme nose low attitudes will aggravate the fuel siphoning condition (airspeed140 knots max).

•FUEL LEAK: Secure engine with memory items.

Electrical System Failure• Execute Memory Items:

• Generator – OFF, reset momentarily, then ON.• (If generator will not reset):• Generator – OFF• Current Limiter (Battery Anmeter) – Checked

• Maintain VMC whenever possible.

• Know your wet compass characteristics and “Big 5” for total electrical failure (in FTI). You will see this in syllabus.

Propeller Failure

Propeller Failure

• Three levels of “governing”: Primary, overspeed, and the fuel-topping governors.

• Practice the FTI CRM brief.• Don’t shut down engine/prop that feathers

properly unless secondary indications are noted.

• Note: Landing with an overspeeding prop is strongly discouraged. The ultimate goal is to feather the prop.

Propeller Failure

• Execute Memory Items:• Attempt to adjust prop RPM; if normal limits exist,

continue operation. If not, complete the following:• Power lever – IDLE• Prop lever – FEATHER• Alternate Prop Feathering Checklist – As Required.

• Prop Linkage Failure results in 2200 RPM or the last RPM setting. Manipulate the other prop to match them, and land (reversing, as required).

Pilot Emergency Static Air Source

• Reference NATOPS Chapter 25 for gauge error

• Airspeed and Altitude will be approximately +5 KIAS/+50 feet in error on pilot’s side at approach speeds/altitudes (you will actually be lower and slower).

In-Flight Emergencies (Part III)• Electrothermal Propeller Deice

• Surface Deice

• Loss of Pressurization

• Explosive Decompression

• Emergency Descent Procedure

• Cabin Door Open Light Illuminated

• Flight Guidance Failure

• In-flight Damage / Spin/OCF Recovery

• Terrain Warning

Electrothermal Propeller Deice

• Normal range is 14-18 amps.• 0 or 23 amps is unusable• Imbalance requires manipulating the prop

levers to aid in ice removal.

Surface Deice

• Stall speeds will significantly increase with the wing deice boots inflated.

• If boots fail to deflate, pull the SUR DE-ICE circuit breaker.

Loss of Pressurization

• Reference NATOPS.

• Approximately 75% N1 is required to maintain pressurization during descent.

• Utilizing the TEST position may restore pressurization; pull the PRESS CONTROL CB to remove electrical power and maintain pressure (CAUTION – reset prior to landing!).

Explosive Decompression

• Execute Memory Items:– Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required

– Descend – As Required

• Do not confuse fog with smoke.• Descend below 10,000’ to remove mask or below

18,000’ with masks on (3710 cabin altitude limits).

Emergency Descent Procedure- Execute Memory Items:

- Power levers – IDLE

- Props – FULL FORWARD

- Flaps – As Required

- Landing gear – As Required

- Airspeed – As Required

- Windshield heat – As Required

- Don’t exceed airframe limitations- For training, stick with just props full forward.

Cabin Door Open Light Illuminated

• Don’t attempt to check the door• Ensure that all occupants are seated and belted• Depressurize the cabin• Land

Autopilot Disengagement

Inflight Damage

• Damage includes midair collision, bird strike or overstress

• Check contols for freedom of movement

• Conduct a controllability check:– Above 5,000’– Configure and slow in 10 knot increments

• Land as soon as possible with minimum movement (straight-in approach)

Spin/OCF Recovery

• Execute Memory Items:– Power levers – IDLE

– Rudder – Full deflection opposite direction turn needle

– Control Wheel – Rapidly Forward

– Rudder – Neutralize after rotation stops

– Control Wheel – Pull out of dive with smooth, steady back pressure.

• You will brief this before every event. Practice!

Terrain Warning

• Execute Memory Items:– Wings – Level

– Power – Maximum Allowable

– Pitch – As required for Vx

– Flaps – Approach (unless already UP)

– Gear – UP

– Flaps – UPProps – 1,900 RPM

– Continue climb at Vx until all warnings cease.

• Notify ATC. You are authorized to deviate!

Landing Emergencies

Landing Emergencies

• Single Engine Landing

• Single-Engine Waveoff/Missed Approach

• Flap System Failure

• Landing Gear Emergencies

• Abnormal Landings

• Forced Landing - No Power

• Ditching

• Wind Shear

Single Engine Landing

• Full flaps should be utilized only if required (no possibility of a waveoff)

• Utilize single engine reverse, as required• Feathered prop can lead to floating

• Airspeed: 110 KIAS is a MINIMUM until over the threshold per the FTI.

Single-Engine Waveoff/Missed Approach

• Execute Memory Items:• Power – Max Allowable, establish positive rate of climb• Flaps – Approach (unless already UP)• Gear – UP• Flaps – UP• Prop – 1,900 RPM

• Technique: Climb at 102 KIAS until clean, then climb at 110 KIAS. You will accelerate to 120 KIAS in the pattern very easily.

• Maintain 500’ upwind in the pattern.

Flap System Failure

• Know your FTI flap malfunction brief!

• No provisions exist for emergency flap operation• Wing flap motor circuit breaker should be pulled• Restore to last position & verify before landing.

Landing Gear Emergencies

Actual gear-up landing (DEC 2013)

Landing Gear Emergencies

• Don’t cycle the gear handle until after referencing NATOPS due to complexity of malfunction

• Once you have three down & locked, obtain a visual inspection and land!

• If not, run the Landing Gear Unsafe Down Indications checklist.

Abnormal Landings

• Main / Nosewheel tire flat• Consult NATOPS when applicable

for:• Soft field• Short field

Wind Shear

• Execute Memory Items:– Power – Maximum Allowable

– Attitude – Set and Hold Approximately 15 degrees noseup

– Gear – UPFlaps – Maintain Current Setting

• You will brief this before every event. Practice!

Forced Landing - No Power

• Circular pattern (similar to ELP)• Flaps – FULL, as required• If unsure of landing surface, land gear up• Tendency to overshoot because of less drag

• Reference NATOPS fig. 16-5.

Ditching• You will fly these extensively in contacts!• Order of Priorities:

• Wings-level• Rate of descent• Airspeed

• Power settings are critical • (800 ft-lbs SSE, 400 ft-lbs dual engine)

• Ditch parallel to the swells• Always gear up.

Emergency Procedures Review