5.1 introduction, base units, and prefixes metric system base units:
TRANSCRIPT
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5.1 Introduction, Base Units, and Prefixes
• Metric system base units:
(L)liter volume
(cd) candela intensity luminous
(A) ampere current electrical
(mol) molesubstanceofamount
C)( Celsius degreesetemperatur
(s) secondtime
(kg) kilogramt)mass(weigh
(m)meter length
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5.1 Introduction, Base Units, and Prefixes
Multiple in decimal form
Power of 10 Prefix Symbol
1000 103 kilo k
100 102 hecto h
10 101 deka da
1 100 base unit
0.1 10-1 deci d
0.01 10-2 centi c
0.001 10-3 milli m
0.000001 10-6 micro
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5.1 Introduction, Base Units, and Prefixes
• Charting in the metric systemMain Rule: Amount as a decimal then the metric abbreviation (do not leave a space)
Examples:three-fourths gram = 0.75gfive and a half centimeters = 5.5cmtwenty milligrams = 20mgone-half milliliter = 0.5ml
Note: leave a space for clarity in your computations
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5.2 Metric Length
• English lengths and similar metric lengths:
Yard Meter
Inch Centimeter
Mile Kilometer
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5.2 Metric Length
• Conversions:
Note: In Canada, speed is in kph instead of mph
mileskm
mileskm
inchesm
inchescm
1.35
621.01
37.391
394.01
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5.2 Metric Length
• Chart the following lengths:
– Five-fourths of a centimeter ________
– Seven and a half millimeters ________
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5.3 Metric Volume
• Conversions
mlteaspoon
quartsliter
mlcc
cccmliter
51
057.11
11
100010001 3
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5.3 Metric Volume
• Try these:
– 3.5 liters = ________ ml
– liter = ________ cc81
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5.4 Metric Mass
• 1 gram = weight of 1 ml of water
• Basic unit = 1Kg = 1000 grams
• 1 liter of water weighs 1 Kg
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5.4 Metric Mass
• Applications for metric mass:Unit Symbol Use
micrograms g Pharmaceutical measurement
milligrams mg Pharmaceutical measurement
gram g Dietary instructionBody mass of infant
Pharmaceutical measurement
Kilogram kg Body mass (children and adults
Orthopedic traction weight
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5.5 Metric Time
• Basic unit = second
• Dates: day month year format or year month day format
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5.5 Metric Time• 24-hour clock
midnight
MP
MP
MP
Noon
MA
MA
midnight
00:122400
..59:112359
..30:61830
..01:121201
00:121200
..00:60600
..01:120001
00:120000
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5.5 Metric Time
• Examples of dates in correct chronological order:
– Wrong: April 12, 1942Correct: 12 April 1942
– Wrong: 11/1/07Correct: 07 · 11 · 1
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5.6 Metric Temperature
• Kelvin is the basic unit, but Celsius is more commonly used as a base unit
boils water 100
raturebody tempe normal 37
re temperaturoom 2220
freezes water 0
273
C
C
C
C
KC
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5.6 Metric Temperature
• Clinical thermometer in degrees Celsius
re temperatuabnormal 35
re temperatusubnormal 36
raturebody tempe normal 37
fever grade low 38
feverhigh 39
fever dangerous 41
C
C
C
C
C
C
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5.7 Internal Metric Conversions
• Metric Conversion Chart
kilo-, hecto-, deka- meterlitergram
deci-, centi-, milli-
Move the decimal point the same number of places and in the same direction the unit moves on the chart.
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5.7 Internal Metric Conversions
• Example: Using the metric conversion chart, change 3500 liters to hl (hectoliters)
– To go from liters to hectoliters on the chart, move the decimal place to the left 2 places
shectoliterliters 00.353500
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6.1 Conversion Methods
• Use Appendix B for converting between the apothecaries’ and metric system
• Converting units using a proportion
fraction a as equivalent conversion unitdesired
amountgiven
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6.1 Conversion Methods
• Example: Change 400 m to km
kmx
x
km
m
kmx
m
4.01000
400
4001000
1
1000
400
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6.1 Conversion Methods
• To convert units using the factor-label method:
Note: sometimes this will require more than one conversion/multiplication
amountdesiredgivenunit
desiredunitamountgiven
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6.1 Conversion Methods
• Example: Convert 5 gallons to pints
Notice how the units “cancel”
pints40
1
pints2
1
45
quartgallon
quartsgallons
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6.2 Word Problems
• Example: A doctor orders 5 gr. Of medication. The medication is available in 100 mg tablets. How many tablets would you give? If the medication came in 150 mg tablets, how many would you give?
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6.2 Word Problems
• Using a proportion:
2525
2
5
1
150
60
.1
.5
3535
3
5
60
.100
1
100
60
.1
.5
xx
tablet
mg
mg
gr
tabletsx
gr
xx
tablet
gr
tablet
mg
mg
gr
tabletsx
gr
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6.2 Word Problems
• Using the factor-label method
tabletsmg
tablet
gr
mggr
tabletsmg
tablet
gr
mggr
2150
300
150
1
.1
60.5
3100
300
100
1
.1
60.5
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6.3 Temperature Conversion
• •
• C-F Temperature Conversion• F-C Temperature Conversion
3259 CF
)32(95 FC
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Supplement 3.1 Direct Variation
• Types of variation:1. y varies directly as x:
2. y varies directly as the nth power of x:
nkxy
kxy
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Supplement 3.1 Direct Variation
• Solving a variation problem:1. Write the variation equation.
2. Substitute the initial values and solve for k.
3. Rewrite the variation equation with the value of k from step 2.
4. Solve the problem using this equation.
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Supplement 3.2 Inverse Variation
• Types of variation:1. y varies inversely as x:
2. y varies inversely as the nth power of x: nx
ky
x
ky
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Supplement 3.2 Inverse Variation• Example: If t varies inversely as s and
t = 3 when s = 5, find s when t = 5
1. Give the equation:
2. Solve for k:
3. Plug in k = 15:
4. When t = 5: 315515
5 sss
s
kt
155
3 kk
st
15