•5.045.04 Compare and contrast Compare and contrast the African American the African American political and legal political and legal personalities of the time personalities of the time period and their impact on period and their impact on American society.American society.

The Wizard of TuskegeeThe Wizard of Tuskegee• Take notes on the right side of A1 in your Take notes on the right side of A1 in your

notebook.notebook.• On the left side prepare for class On the left side prepare for class

discussion by writing two paragraphs that discussion by writing two paragraphs that answer the answer the Assessment PromptAssessment Prompt..

•Should schools focus more on Should schools focus more on vocational training or vocational training or preparing students for college? preparing students for college?

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee• Booker T. Washington was Booker T. Washington was

born in 1856-1858 nears born in 1856-1858 nears Hales Ford, VirginiaHales Ford, Virginia

• Enslaved to James Enslaved to James BurroughsBurroughs

• His mother was a cook; his His mother was a cook; his father was an unknown father was an unknown white man.white man.

• Some people see Booker Some people see Booker T. Washington’s life as a T. Washington’s life as a search for a father/father search for a father/father figurefigure..

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee• Union victory brought Union victory brought

freedomfreedom• Booker T., his mother, Booker T., his mother,

and half-siblings walked and half-siblings walked to West Virginia to to West Virginia to reunite with Washington reunite with Washington Ferguson, his mother’s Ferguson, his mother’s husband.husband.

• Ferguson worked in the Ferguson worked in the coal and salt mines; here coal and salt mines; here BTW learned to read BTW learned to read

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee•Walked to Hampton Normal and Walked to Hampton Normal and

Agricultural Institute in 1872Agricultural Institute in 1872•Civil War general Samuel Chapman Civil War general Samuel Chapman

Armstrong (a white man) was Armstrong (a white man) was principalprincipal

•Armstrong believed that freed blacks Armstrong believed that freed blacks needed practical education and needed practical education and character buildingcharacter building

•After graduation from Hampton BTW After graduation from Hampton BTW taught back in Malden, West Virginiataught back in Malden, West Virginia

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee• Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington

studied liberal arts at studied liberal arts at Weyland Seminary in DC Weyland Seminary in DC then returned to then returned to Hampton Hampton

• At Hampton BTW was in At Hampton BTW was in charge of the school’s charge of the school’s Native American Native American studentsstudents

• General Armstrong hired General Armstrong hired BTW as principal for his BTW as principal for his new school in Alabamanew school in Alabama

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee• When Washington first When Washington first

arrived at Tuskegee the arrived at Tuskegee the school had only $2000, school had only $2000, no buildings, no faculty, no buildings, no faculty, and no studentsand no students

• By 1888 the Institute By 1888 the Institute had 500 acres of land had 500 acres of land and 400 students; by and 400 students; by 1915 it had an 1915 it had an endowment of endowment of $2,000,000, a staff of $2,000,000, a staff of 200, and over 2000 200, and over 2000 students! students!

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee

• Students in a Tuskegee history classStudents in a Tuskegee history class

The Wizard of TuskegeeThe Wizard of Tuskegee

The Atlanta CompromiseThe Atlanta Compromise• In 1895 Washington’s In 1895 Washington’s

controversial speech at controversial speech at the Cotton States and the Cotton States and International Exposition International Exposition in Atlanta brought in Atlanta brought national attention.national attention.

• This was a ‘doctrine of This was a ‘doctrine of vocational training’ for vocational training’ for blacks.blacks.

• Harvard soon gave BTW Harvard soon gave BTW an honorary master’s an honorary master’s degree.degree.

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee• Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington

would often blame would often blame African-Americans for African-Americans for their own limitations.their own limitations.

• Many black nationalists Many black nationalists and whites, like and whites, like Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie supported his stance supported his stance and funded Tuskegee.and funded Tuskegee.

• Washington secretly Washington secretly funneled money to funneled money to support civil rights. support civil rights.

The Wizard of TuskegeeThe Wizard of Tuskegee• Washington and Du Bois had Washington and Du Bois had

different views on the proper different views on the proper role of education.role of education.

• Du Bois believed education was Du Bois believed education was a tool for blacks to fully a tool for blacks to fully integrate into American integrate into American society. society.

• Washington’s ideal was not full Washington’s ideal was not full integration; he viewed blacks integration; he viewed blacks as ‘a nation within a nation.’ as ‘a nation within a nation.’

• To some Booker T. To some Booker T. Washington’s view supported Washington’s view supported segregation. segregation.

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee

Up From SlaveryUp From Slavery• ““Go out and be a Go out and be a

center, a life-giving center, a life-giving center, as it were to center, as it were to a whole community, a whole community, when the when the opportunity comes, opportunity comes, when you may give when you may give life where there is no life where there is no life, hope where life, hope where there is no hope, there is no hope, power where there is power where there is no power……… no power………

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee

• ““Begin in a humble way Begin in a humble way and work up to build and work up to build institutions that will put institutions that will put people on their feet.”people on their feet.”

• Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington was an inspiration to was an inspiration to nationalists such as nationalists such as Marcus Garvey and Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X and Malcolm X and conservatives such as conservatives such as Justice Clarence Justice Clarence Thomas and Thomas Thomas and Thomas Sowell. Sowell.

The Wizard of The Wizard of TuskegeeTuskegee• Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington

believed in separate but believed in separate but equal. equal.

• Du Bois believed blacks Du Bois believed blacks could only achieve equality could only achieve equality if racial boundaries were if racial boundaries were torn down through torn down through education.education.

• Washington sought ‘a place Washington sought ‘a place at the table’ through at the table’ through vocational work that would vocational work that would make blacks irreplaceable make blacks irreplaceable in the U.S. economy. in the U.S. economy.

This presentation was prepared byThis presentation was prepared by Spencer SwindlerSpencer Swindler. . The pictures The pictures were found on the internetwere found on the internet. Only . Only one major source was used. one major source was used. The The bibliography for that source is bibliography for that source is belowbelow. .

• ..\Video\Booker_T__Washington__Tuskegee_America.as

f• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBi_rCGKqFs&featu

re=related

• Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., and Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., and Cornell Cornell West. West. The African-The African-American American CenturyCentury, N.Y. The , N.Y. The Free Press, Free Press, 20002000..

• 1. Where was Booker T. Washington born?1. Where was Booker T. Washington born?• 2. Here (what state?) Booker learned to 2. Here (what state?) Booker learned to

read while working in the mines.read while working in the mines.• 3. General Samuel Chapman Armstrong 3. General Samuel Chapman Armstrong

was principal at this school (name the was principal at this school (name the school).school).

• 4. Booker was the principal of this Alabama 4. Booker was the principal of this Alabama HBCU (name the school).HBCU (name the school).

• 5. This billionaire friend of Washington left 5. This billionaire friend of Washington left an endowment to his school.an endowment to his school.

• 6. He disagreed with Washington’s 1895 6. He disagreed with Washington’s 1895 speech in Georgia and called it “the Atlanta speech in Georgia and called it “the Atlanta Compromise.”Compromise.”

• 7. What does it mean, “to learn a trade?” 7. What does it mean, “to learn a trade?”