50 Years Achievements of 3MV Van de Graaff ion accelerator in Tehran: A

brief historyMohammad Lamehi-Rachti,

Omidreza Kakuee

Physics and Accelerators Research School, Nuclear Science and

Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

• Commissioning the Lab

• Beamline and instrumentation

• Activities and achievements

3

KN3000

Purchased in 1957

Commissioned in 1971 at Tehran Atomic Research Center

Main instrumentation and beamline

Ion beamlines established at the 3 MV Van De Graaff accelerator, in Tehran

From left to right – Nuclear Microprobe, NRA, External & K-edge contrast

Imaging, IBMM, Conventional IBA analysis, RBS-channeling, PIGE which

are shown separately in the next slides

Ion beam analysis techniques including

PIXE, RBS, RBS-C, NRA, PIGE, µPIXE, IBIL

Nuclear Microprobe

End Stations of Beamlines

RBS-ChannelingConventional IBA Analysis

K-edge contrast Imaging

PIGE

External PIXE

Continued

PIGE

NRA

Omidreza Kakuee, Vahid Fathollahi,

Mohammad Lamehi-Rachti,

Development of a versatile user-friendly

IBA experimental chamber, Nucl. Instr.

and Meth. B371 (2016)156-160.

14

Ionoluminescence microscopy

Kapton vacuum barrier

CameraCCD

Beam-Sample intersection

15

Ionoluminescence spectroscopy in nuclear microprobe system

Fiber

optic

Collection lenz

CCD

Cooled pack

Termome

ter

Laboratory

Cooler

Opt. Mic.

Color: red

Ca: host

Yb: luminescent element

Color: white

Si: host

Eu: luminescent element

Color: bright blue

Zn: host

Cu: luminescent element

T. Nikbakht , O. Kakuee, M. Lamehi-Rachti, Ionoluminescence spectroscopy and microscopy of lapis

lazuli, Journal of Luminescence, 181 (2017) 246–251

T. Nikbakht, O. Kakuee, M. Lamehi-Rachti, Study of the ionoluminescence behavior of the gemstones:

Beryl (aquamarine variety), opal, and topaz, Journal of Luminescence, 171 (2016) 154-158.

Formula: Na6Ca2Al6Si6O24[(SO4); S;Cl; (OH)]2

PIXE analysis of patients liver

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Co

un

ts

Energy(KeV)

Normal

Thalasemia

Cl

K(Kα)

Ca(Kα)

Ca(Kß)

Fe(K

Fe(K

Cu

Zn(K

Zn(K

Cu(K

(b)

15 layers of (Ta2O5\SiO2)

Ed=1300 keV

Eα=3000 keV

Advanced material analysis by RBS

Development of a reaction chamber to study

radiation damage by energetic ion beam

A reaction chamber to study radiation damage by energetic ion beam

By bombarding the test materials in irradiation facilities:•One could quickly test different materials,

•Study the effects from different sources individually,

•Explore the science behind the observed behavior

• The thin part of the chamber could be inserted in tube furnace

• Heating the sample up to about 1000° C

• Electrically isolating for ion beam monitoring

• Evacuation down to about 10-5 Torr

Ion irradiation chamber

Viewer

To uniformly irradiate the sample with ions, the beam must be reasonably

uniform. A visual beam viewer was installed in the beamline just prior to the

reaction chamber to roughly measure the beam profile

tube furnace

reaction chamber

water-cooled coil

JUMO dTRON Compact Controller

Beam viewer

phase angle controller

Activities regarding measurements

Research activities of group via publications since 1972

The number of publications exceeds 350, categorized as follows:

Fundamental ResearchEnvironmental researchMaterial ScienceHuman health Archaeology

Fundamental Research

AuthorsTitlesPublication

S.Farrokhi , D.Moghemi ,

R.Nahavande , M.Pichevar ,

B.Delaunay

Le Van de Graaff de 3 MeV du

Centre Nucléaire de Téhéran

Juillet-Aout ,No. 172, 1972

M.R Khan , A.G Hopkins, D

Crumpoton , (Aston Univ)

Proton induced LX-ray cross-

sections for In ,Sn,Nd,Dy,Pt

and Au

Zeitschrift-fuer-Physik,-A(1978),

Vol.288(2) Page133-137.

Md.R.Khan and M.KarimiKβ/Kα Ratios in Energy

dispersive X-Ray Emission

X-ray Spectrometry,

Vol.9,No.1,1980

F. Shokouhi, S. Fazinic, I.

Bogdanovic, M. Jaksic, V.

Valkovic, H. Afarideh

M-Shell X-ray production

Cross sections of Tb, Ho, Tm

and Lu for protons of Energy

2-6 MeV

Nuclear instruments and Methods

in Physic Research B (1996)15-

18

A.Amirabadi ,

H.Afarideh,S.M.Haji-Saeid ,

F.Shokouhi and H.Peyrovan

L subshell and total M shell x-

ray production cross sections

of Hg for protons of energy

0.7-2.9 MeV

J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt.

Phys.30(1997)863-872 .

M.Goudarzi , F.Shokouhi,

M.Lamehi-Rachti, P.Oliaiy

L-sub shell and total M-shell

X-ray production cross

sections of Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb

and Bi by 0.7-2.4 MeV protons

Nuclear Instruments and

Methods in Physics Research B

247 (2006) 217-222

Measured differential cross section Reactions

23Na(p,p/γ)23Na 16O(d,p0,1)17O

23Na(p,αγ)20Ne 28Si(p,p/γ)28Si 16O(d,d0)16O

24Mg(p,p/γ)24Mg 29Si(p,p/γ)29Si natMg(d,d0)natMg

25Mg(p,p/γ)25Mg 31P(p,p/γ)31P 24Mg(d,p0,1,2,3,4)25Mg

27Al(p,p/γ)27Al 27Al(p,αγ)24Mg 35Cl(d,p0,1,2,3,4-5)35Cl

1) A. Jokar, O. Kakuee, V. Fathollahi, M. Lamehi-Rachti, N. Sharifzadeh, Measurement of deuteroninduced gamma-ray emission cross sections on nitrogen for analytical applications, NIMB,431(2018)25.

2) A. Jokar, O. Kakuee, M. Lamehi-Rachti, V. Fathollahi, Thick target yields of proton induced gamma-rayemission from Al, Si and P, NIMB, 394 (2017) 28-32.

3) A. Jokar, O. Kakuee, M. Lamehi-Rachti, Differential cross sections measurement of 31P(p,pγ1)31Preaction for PIGE applications, NIMB, 383 (2017) 152-155.

4) M. Chiari, et al., Measurement of proton induced γ-ray emission cross sections on Na from 1.0 to4.1MeV, NIMB, doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.01.043

5) A. Jokar, O. Kakuee, M. Lamehi-Rachti, “Measurement of deuteron induced gamma-ray emissiondifferential cross sections on natCl from 1.0 to 2.0 MeV”, NIMB, 377 (2016) 37-42.

6) H. Rafi-kheiri, O. Kakuee, M. Lamehi-Rachti, “Differential cross section measurement of the natO(d,d0)reaction at energies and angles relevant to EBS”, NIMB, 373 (2016) 40-43.

7) H. Rafi-kheiri, O. Kakuee, M. Lamehi-Rachti, “Measurements of the 24Mg(d,p0,1,2,3,4) and natMg(d,d0)reactions cross sections in the energy range of 1.2–2 MeV for NRA and EBS applications”, NIMB, 373(2016) 63-69.

8) N. Sharifzadeh, O. Kakuee, S. Mohammadi, “Measurements of proton induced γ-ray emission cross-sections on Mg from 1.0 to 3.0 MeV” , NIMB, 372 (2016)109-113.

9) A. Jokar, O. Kakuee, M. Lamehi-Rachti, “Differential cross sections measurement of 28Si(p,pγ)28Si and29Si(p,pγ)29Si reactions for PIGE applications”, NIMB, 371 (2016)37-40.

10) H. Rafi-kheiri, O. Kakuee, M. Lamehi-Rachti, “Differential cross section measurement of 16O(d,p0,1)reactions at energies and angles relevant to NRA”, NIMB, 371 (2016) 46-49.

11) A. Jokar, O. Kakuee, M. Lamehi-Rachti, N. Sharifzadeh, V. Fathollahi, “Differential cross sectionmeasurements of 27Al(p,p/γ)27Al and 27Al(p,αγ)24Mg reactions in the energy range of 1.6–3.0 MeV”,NIMB 362 (2015)138-141.

Recent VDG Lab. publications regarding Nuclear Data

Environmental researchAuthorsTitlesPublication

P.Sioshansi , A.S.Lodhi

and H.Payrovan

Proton Induced X-ray

Analysis of drinking water

samples

Nuclear Instruments and

Methods 142 (1977) 285-287

A. Gharib ;H. Rahimi,

H. Peyrovan, H.N.J

Raofei, H.Taherpour

The Study of trace elements

in milk by nuclear analytical

techniques

Scientific Bulletin of the

Atomic Energy Organization

of Iran (sum1983).

(no.4)p.65-81

A. Gharib, H. Rahimi, H.

Peyrovan, N. J. Raoffi,H.

Taherpoor

Study of trace elements in

milk by nuclear analytical

techniques Al, Co, Cr, Cu,

Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb,

Sb, Se,V, Zn.

Journal of Radio analytical

and Nuclear-Chemistry

articles .(Mar1985).V89(1)

Page31-44.

M.Kasrai

,L.Fozoonmayeh and

H.Peyrovan

Quantitative determination

of gold in ore using energy –

dispersive XRF

Spectrometry

X-Ray Spectrometry, Vol .

17,219-222 (1988)

Environmental research- continued

AuthorsTitlesPublication

H.Peyrovan ,

A.Amirabadi

Heterogeneity measurement

of trace elements

distribution in sheep liver

using the PIXE method

Nuclear Instrument and

Methods in Physics Research

B 109/110 (1996)309-311

H.Peyrovan,

A.R.Karbassi,

F.Shokouhi, P.Oliaiy

Analysis of sediments from

the central part of the

Persian Gulf using PIXE

symposium on harmonization

of health related

environmental, IAEA, 1997,

Page 567-570.

D. Agha-Aligol, S.

Ghorbanzdeh,Mashkani,

P. TajerMohammad

Ghazvini, M. Lamehi-

Rachti, P. Oliaiy, A.

Baghizadeh, F. Shokouhi

Application of Micro-PIXE

for measurement of metals

bioaccumulation by new

strain bacteria

18th International Conference

on Ion Beam Analysis ,

IBA2007 ( Sep. 23rd -28th )

J. Rahighi, P. Oliay, F.

Shokouhi, A. Aghaii, M-

Al-R. Hadjzadeh

The Impact of

Hypothyroidism on mineral

elements in rat's Tissues

using PIXE

International Journal of PIXE

Vol. 17 (2007) 99-106.

Material ScienceAuthorsTitlesPublication

A.Baghizadeh, D.Aligol ,

D.Fathy , H.Ghaforian

Shallow Junction Formation

by Steam Oxidation of As

Implanted Si

International conference on

Physics, 2004, Tehran, Page

305-310

A. Baghizadeh, D. Agha-

Aligol, M. Lamehi-Rachti,

D. Fathy

Formation of enriched As

layer by steam oxidation of

As+ implanted Si

18th International Conference

on Ion Beam Analysis ,

IBA2007 ( Sep. 23rd -28th )

M. Torkiha, M. Lamehi –

Rachti, D. Agha-Aligol , F.

Razi

Microbeam analysis of lateral

inhomogeneity in depth

penetration of Pd in porous

silicon

Nuclear Instruments and

Methods in Physics Research

B266(2008)1507-1510.

A. Baghizadeh, D. Agha -

Aligol, D. Fathy, M.

Lamehi-Rachti, M.

Moradi

Formation of As enriched

layer by steam oxidation of

As+-implanted Si

Applied Surface Science 255

(2009) 5857 -5860

R. Sahraei, G. Motedayen

Aval, A. Baghizadeh, M.

Lamehi-Rachti, A.

Goudarzi, M. H. Majles

Ara

Investigation of the effect of

temperature on growth

mechanism of

nanocrystalline ZnS thin

films

Materials Letters

62(2008)4345-4347

Material Science: Continued

AuthorsTitlesPublication

R. Sahraei, G. Motedayen

Aval, A. Baghizadeh, M.

Lamehi-Rachti

RBS and AFM investigation

of growth mechanism of

nanocrystalline chemical bath

deposited ZnS thin films

Iran – India joint conference in

Nano-Technology, Tehran

(April 2008)

R. Sahraei, G. Motedayen

Aval, A. Baghizadeh, M.

Lamehi-Rachti, A.

Goudarzi, M. H. Majles

Ara

Investigation of the effect of

temperature on growth

mechanism of

nanocrystalline ZnS thin

films

Proceeding of the 2nd

conference on nanostuctures

held in Kish university, 2008

L. Aghli-Moghadam, A.

Baghizadeh, G. Nabiyouni,

A. Farashiani,

A. Zendehman

Zn-diffused LiNbO3

waveguides fabricated by DC

magnetron sputtering

Appl. Phys A (2009)97:805-

810.

O. R. Kakuee, V.

Fathollahi, D. Agha-Aligol,

P. Oliaiy, M. Lamehi-

Rachti, M. Torkiha

Evaluating Refurbishment

quality of hot components in

gas turbines using IBA

analysis techniques

19th International conference on

Ion Beam Analysis, Sep. 2009,

UK

Human HealthA.S.Lodhi,

MD.Rashiduzzaman Khan

Trace element analysis of

whole blood and urine

samples of Diabetic patients

Journal of Radioanalytical

Chemistry , Vol . 49, No . 1 ,

(1979) 89-94

A. Aframian ,H. Shakiba,

A. Housseiney

Trace element analysis of

human hair by proton

induced X-ray excitation

PIXE.

International conference on

nuclear methods in environments

and energy research, Columbia,

1980, page 442-448.

S.Mousavi-Yeganeh ,

F.Ebrahimy-Fakhar and

F.Enayati

Analysis of Addicted and

Normal Blood Samples Form

Humans by PIXE

Nuclear Instrument and

Methods in Physics Research

B3 (1984) 364-367

A.A.Hosseini ,

A.Amirabadi , H.Afarideh

S.M.Haii-saeid,

A.H.Behrozi

Determination of toxic and

non-toxic hair trace elements

in tobacco smokers using

PIXE and NAA techniques

Nuclear Instrument and

Methods in Physics Research B

109/110 (1996)239-242

P.Hatami, H.Peyrovan and

H.Afarideh

Determination of trace

elements in human saliva by

PIXE technique

International journal of PIXE ,

Vol . (1996) 273-276

H.Peyrovan , P.Hatami,

N.Mansourian and

F.Shokouhi

Analysis of liver biopsy

samples for Fe,Cu and Zn

using PIXE

International journal of PIXE

Vol.6,Nos.1&2 (1996) 269-272

Human Health: Continued 1

S.Vatankhah , K.Moosavi

,J.Salimi , L.Geranpayeh

,H.Peyrovan

A PIXE analysis for

measuring the trace elements

concentration in breast tissue

of Iranian women

Iran.J. Radiat.Res .,2003

;1(1):23-27

J.Salimi, K.Moosavi,

S.Vatankhah

The concentration of heavy

trace elements in pigment and

cholesterol human gallstones

:Comparative studies by

PIXE analysis

Iran.J.Radiat .Res.,2003 ;

1(2):93-97

S.Vatankhah ,K.Moosavi,

H.Peyrovan

Comparative Studies of trace

element in two kinds of

human gallstones

International journal of PIXE ,

Vol.13, Nos.3&4(2003) 97-106

J.Salimi , K.Moosavi,

S.Vatankhah, A.Yaghoobi

Investigation of heavy trace

elements in neoplastic and

non-neoplastic human thyroid

tissue : A study by PIXE

Iran.J.Radiat.Res.,2004;1(4):21

1-216

K. Moosavi, S.Vatankhah,

J. Salimi

Measurement of trace metals

in Thyroid nodules in Iran by

PIXE

International journal of PIXE

Vol.16 ,Nos .1&2 (2006) 39-46

Human Health: Continued 2

S.Vatankhah , K.Moosavi

,J.Salimi , L.Geranpayeh

,H.Peyrovan

A PIXE analysis for

measuring the trace elements

concentration in breast tissue

of Iranian women

Iran.J. Radiat.Res .,2003

;1(1):23-27

K. Moosavi, S.Vatankhah,

J. Salimi

Relative measurement of

heavy elements in the bile,

gallbladder and gallston

Iran. J. Radiat. Res. , 2006;

3(4): 195-198

S. Vatankhah, K. Moosavi,

J. Salimi, M. Lamehi and

M. Farmahini Farahani

Study the deficiency of

potassium , Manganese,

cupper and zinc concentration

in the abdominal aortic

aneurism by PIXE analysis

International Journal of PIXE

Volume 17 (2007) 107-112

N Gholizadeh, Z Kabiri, O

Kakuee, M Saleh-

Kotahi, V Changizi, V

Fathollahi, P Oliaiy, R

Omranipour

Feasibility of breast cancer

screening by PIXE analysis

of hair

Biol Trace Elem Res,

153(2013)105-10.

ArcheologyAuthorsTitlesPublication

P.Oliaiy ,F.Shokouhi,

M.Lamehi-Rashti,

J.Rahighi

Application of PIXE to study

ancient Iranian silver coins

International journal of PIXE

Vol.9,Nos3&4 (1999)495-500

A.Hasssanzadeh ,

M.LamehiI-Rashti,

P.Oliaiy, J.Rahighi and

F.Shokouhi

External PIXE analysis of old

inks and papers

International journal of PIXE

Vol.9,Nos.3&8 (1999) 481-485

S.Durali , P.Oliaiy,

F.Shokouhi, M.Lamehi-

Rashti and J.Rahighi

Evolution of the tilework of

Masjid jumah in Isfahan,

based on glaze analysis

Fiftieth Anniversary

Symposium on Scientific

Research in the Field of Asian

Art ,September 27 - 29, 2001,

Washington, D.C.

M.Lamehi-rashti , P.Oliaiy ,

J.Rahighi , F.Shokouhi ,

M.Fakhrai

Application of PIXE in the

analysis of archaeological

glazed tiles

Nuclear Instrument and

Methods in Physics Research B

184 (2001)430-436

F.Shokouhi, P.Oliaiy,

J.Rahighi , M.Lamehi-

Rachti

Elemental Analysis of ancient

Iranian Luster Decorated

Pottery

International journal of PIXE

,Vol .12, Nos.3&4 (2002)253-

258

Archeology: continued 1

P.Oliaiy , F.Shokouhi,

J.Rahighi, M.Lamehi-Rachti

Evaluation of glazed and Body

Composition in Ancient

Iranian Pottery

International journal of PIXE ,

Vol.12, Nos.3&4 (2002) 245-251

I.Bogia , B.Brunetti, A.Giulvl,

A.sgamellottim,

F.,shokouhi,P.oliaiy,J. Rahighi,

M.Lamehi-Rachti, M.Mellini,C.viti

Characterisation of decorations

on Iranian (10th-13th

century)Lustreware

Appl.Phys.A79,257-261 (2004)

S.Ahmadi, F.Shokouhi,

P.Oliaiy, M.Lamehi-Rachti

and J.Rahighi

Characterization of the Wall

Painting Pigments of

Baghcheh Joogh Castle by

PIXE

International journal of PIXE

Vol.15.Nos3&4 (2005)

S. Padovani, D. Puzzovio, C. Sada,

P. Mazzoldi, I. Borgia, L.Cartechini,

A. Sgamellotti, B.G. Brunetti, F.

Shokouhi, P. Oliaiy, J. Rahighi, M.

Lamehi-Rachti,

F.Acapito,C.Maurizio, E.Pantos

XAFS study of copper and

silver nanoparticles in glazes

of medieval middle-east

Iustreware (10th – 13th

Century)

Appl.Physic.A.83,512-528(2006)

D. Agha-Aligol, F. Jalai

Farshi, M. Lamehi-Rachti,

P. Oliaiy, F. Shokouhi

Provenance study of “Nader-

Tepe Aslanduz “ Obsidian

using PIXE method by

multivariate statistical analysis

18th International Conference on

Ion Beam Analysis , IBA2007 (

Sep. 23rd -28th )

Archeology: continued 2D. Agha Aligol, N. Javidnia,

M. Lamehi-Rachti, P. Oliaiy,

A. Baghizadeh, F. Shokouhi

Micro-PIXE analysis of a 240-

year old colored garment

18th International Conference on

Ion Beam Analysis , IBA2007 (

Sep. 23rd -28th )

D. Agha-Aligol, F.

Khosravi, M. Lamehi-

Rachti, P. Oliaiy, F.

Shokouhi

Analysis of 18th- 19th century's

historical samples of Iranian

ink and paper belonging to the

Qajar dynasty

Appl. Phys. A89, 799-805 (2007)

M. Hajivaliei, Y.

Mohammadifar, K. Ghiyasi,

B. Jaleh, M. Lamehi-Rachti,

P. Oliaiy

Application of PIXE to study

ancient Iranian silver coins

Nuclear Instruments and Methods

in Physics Research B266(2008)

1578-1582.

Davoud Agha-Aligol, Parvin

Oliaiy, Mohammad

Mohsenian, Mohammad

Lamehi-Rachti,

FarahShokouhi

Provenance study of ancient

Iranian luster pottery using

PIXE multivariate statistical

analysis

Journal of Cultural heritage

10(2009)487-492

P. Oliaiy, D. Agha-Aligol, F.

Shokouhi and M. Lamehi-

Rachti

Analysis of Iranian postage

stamps belonging to the Qajar

dynasty (18th – 20th Century’s)

X-ray Spectrometry, 2009, 38,

479-486.

ArchaeometryFor characterization of Tangible heritage &

explore of intangible heritage

The ancient objects of Chghamish hill are nearly 6000 years old

Luster tile

PIXE spectra of blue color

PIGE spectra of blue color

Coins analysis by PIXE

Handicraft Raytheon Cup

External PIXE analysis results

External PIXE Analysis Report

Concentration (%) Element

95.9Ag

4.1%Cu

1 µm (Thickness)Au coatingNet Weight: 700 g

PIXE

Omidreza Kakuee, V. Fathollahi, P. Oliaiy, M. Lamehi-

Rachti, R. Taheri, H.A. Jafarian, External PIXE analysis

of an Iranian 15th century poetry book, Nucl. Instr. and

Meth. B273(2012)178-181.

• The characterization of Persian miniature of the Joseph and Zulaikha created in the 15th-16th century in the Bokhara school.

• The required information for preservation, restoration, and authenticity of the masterpiece, the elemental composition of the applied pigments in the miniature paintings as well as the elemental composition of the employed ink and paper was analyzed by external PIXE.

PIXE Analysis of Persian Miniature Used in 16th

Century Poetry Manuscript

O. Kakuee · V. Fathollahi · P. Oliaiy · [...] · M.B. Kasiri

May 2014 · Acta Physica Polonica Series a

Figure shows a vaghf document belonging to the Timurid period (1485 A.D) preserved by the heirs in their private collection. The document includes 11 pices with the total length of the document is about 547 cm when flattened

Artwork

Painted cloth belonging to Zandieh era (r. 1751-1779)

Holy cloth decorated with prayer

that contains 1001 names

and attributes of God

Pigments investigated by microPIXE

The Safavid period (1499-1722 AD), antique carpets

Are known for their: Artistic beauty High quality raw materials Various colors Sometimes decorated by golden threads Hand-woven in the royal carpet workshops

Omidreza Kakuee, Vahid Fathollahi, Parvin Oliaiy, Shokoufeh Mesbahi, Investigation of mordants for dyeing of yarns in ancient Persian carpets (15th–17th century) by IBA methods, NIMB, 450 (2019) 294-298.

• Scholar practitioner

• Capacity building

• PhD Thesis 50

• MSc thesis 170

• Initiating Archaeometry in Country

• International Scientific journal Publications >250

• National Scientific journal Publications >100

summary

Challenges:

The accelerator is no longer able to produce beam with reasonable emittance,

C-RBS and proton microscopy cannot be performed under normal operating

conditions of the machine.

The machine is a 64-year-old, working with this machine is time consuming.

The spare parts are not readily available.

Acknowledge

I would like to thank the IAEA, High Voltage

Engineering Europa BV, and colleagues from IBA

society, sneapers and my pioneers colleagues for their

support.

Thank you very much for your Attention

Persepolis in Shiraz(Takht-e Jamshid)