50 წიგნი: ბალზაკი - შაგრენის ტყავი
TRANSCRIPT
50 wigni, romelic unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar
wigni 1
gamomcemloba palitra L
Tbilisi, 2010
UDC (uak) 821.133.1-31b-20
`50 wigni, romelic unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar~
es proeqti msoflios araerT qveyanaSia popularuli.
sxvadasxva gamokiTxvis saSualebiT, mkiTxveli irCevs
50 saukeTeso wigns msoflio literaturis saganZuridan.
saqarTveloSi `kviris palitris~ am proeqts mravali aTa-
si adamiani gamoexmaura. swored maTi dadgenilia im rCeuli
wignebis nusxa, romelic `palitramediam~ realur bibli-
oTekad aqcia.
es wigni msoflio literaturis am unikaluri bibli-
oTekis nawilia.
© gamomcemloba palitra L, 2010
yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia.
ISSN 1987-9628
ISBN 978-9941-422-52-2
3
Sagrenis tyavigeronti qiqoZis Targmani
onore de balzaki
5
baton savaris,
mecnierebaTa akademiis wevrs
Tavi pirveli
Tilisma
1829 wlis oqtombris miwuruls erTi axalgazrda kaci
pale roialSi Sevida swored im dros, roca samorineebi
iReba, Tanaxmad kanonisa, romelic mfarvelobs am arsebiTad
dasabegrav adamianur gatacebas. man TiTqmis uyoymanod aiara
im samorines kibe, romelic 36 nomriT iyo aRniSnuli.
_ batono, Tqveni qudi miboZeT, _ dauZaxa mas mkvaxe xmiT Cia,
fermkrTalma berikacma, romelic ijda moajiris iqiT, bnel
kuTxeSi, da uceb wamodga, raTa Tavisi ujiSo saxe gamoeCina.
roca samorineSi SedixarT, kanoni, uwinares yovlisa,
quds garTmevT. ra aris es? saxarebisa da gangebis igavi? Tu
es saSualebaa jojoxeTuri xelSekrulebis dadebisa, romel-
ic Tqvengan erTgvar sawindars moiTxovs? an, SeiZleba, qudi
imisaTvis unda moixadoT, rom mokrZalebiT moepyroT imaT,
vinc fuls mogigebT? an, SeiZleba, policias, romelic
sazogadoebis yvela xvrelSi Zvreba, surs Tqveni mequdis an
sakuTriv Tqveni saxeli gaigos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqven igi
waawereT sarCulze? dabolos, isic SeiZleba, rom es Tqveni
Tavis qalis gasazomad xdebodes, raTa sagulisxmo statis-
tika Seadginon moTamaSeTa niWsa da tvinis moculobaze. am
saganze samorineTa gamgeoba sruliad dums. magram icodeT _
sakmarisia erTi nabiji gadadgaT mwvane maudisaken da araTu
Tqveni qudi, Tqveni Tavic aRar gekuTvniT: Tqven mTlianad
TamaSSi xarT gadavardnili Tqveni qonebiT, TavsaburaviT,
joxiTa da wamosasxamiT. gareT gamosvlis win TamaSi erTgvari
moqmedi mkacri epigramis SemweobiT giCvenebT, Tu kidev rames
gitovebT Tqveni avladidebidan. esecaa, rom, Tu Tqven axali
6
Tavsaburavi gaqvT, iafi dagijdebaT imis gageba, rom moTamaSis
Sesaferi tanisamosi unda SeiZinoT.
roca axalgazrda kacma Tavisi, cota ar iyos, gacrecili
qudis magivrad nomeri miiRo, saxeze gakvirveba gamoexata,
rac mis miamitobas mowmobda; xolo Cia berikacma, romel-
sac, ueWvelia, axalgazrdobidanve guli gahqvaveboda moTama-
SeTa mRelvare cxovrebis cqeriT, mas mqrqali da usicocxlo
TvaliT Sexeda. am SexedvaSi filosofosi saavadmyofos sidux-
Wiresac dainaxavda, gaZarculi adamianis xetialsac, oqmeb-
sac TavismkvlelTa Sesaxeb, samudamo katorRaSi gagzavnil-
Ta muSaobasac, gvazakoalxoze1 gadasaxlebasac. es mogrZo
TeTrsaxiani berikaci, romelic, rogorc etyoboda, mxolod
darses* Jelatinis wveniT ikvebeboda, uaRresad gamartive-
buli vnebaTaRelvis mkrTal gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda.
mis naoWebSi warsul tanjvaTa kvali darCeniliyo. etyoboda,
Tavis jamagirs miRebis dResve mwvane magidaze debda. TiTqos
maTraxs SeCveuli jaglagi cxeni yofiliyos, mas aRaraferi
aRelvebda: igi yovelTvis gulgrilad xvdeboda wagebulTa
yru kvnesas, maT usityvo wyevla-krulvas, maT uazro Semoxed-
vas. igi TviT xorcSesxmuli TamaSi iyo. axalgazrda kacs rom
kargad SeeTvalierebina es beCavi cerberi, SeiZleba TavisTvis
Caelaparaka, mas gulSi araferi aqvs, garda erTi dasta saTa-
maSo qaRaldisao. magram ucnobma yuri ar daugdo cocxal
rCeva-darigebas, romelic, ueWvelia, gangebas daeyenebina aq,
rogorc gulisrevasa da zizRs ayenebs yoveli cudi adgi-
lis SesasvlelSi. ucnobi uyoymanod Sevida darbazSi, sadac
oqros wkriali ndomiT acaxcaxebul gonebaze damaTrobel
da momxiblav gavlenas axdenda. albaT, am axalgazrda kacs
win ubiZgebda Jan-Jak rusos erTi umWevrmetyvelesi frazis
logika, romlis sevdiani azri, mgonia, aseTi unda iyos: diax,
1 gvazakoalxo _ meqsikis mdinare, romlis xeobaSi safrangeTis mTavroba
samefo xelisuflebis aRdgenis Semdeg asaxlebda damnaSaveebs.
7
me mesmis, rom kaci saTamaSod midiodes, magram es mxolod im
dros unda moxdes, roca Tavis Tavsa da sikvdils Soris igi
arafers xedavs, garda Tavisi ukanaskneli xuTfrankianisa.
saRamoTi samorineebis poezia, cota ar iyos, mdare xarisx-
isaa, magram misi gavlena uzrunvelyofilia iseve, rogorc
uzrunvelyofilia gavlena sisxliani dramisa. darbazebi sav-
sea mayureblebiTa da moTamaSeebiT, beCavi berikacebiT, romel-
nic aq gasarTobad mosulan, aRelvebuli saxeebiT, orgiebiT,
romelnic RvinoSi dawyebulan da mzad arian, senaSi damTa-
vrdnen. marTalia, aq vnebaTaRelva boboqrobs, magram msax-
iobTa simravle xels giSliT pirispir SexedoT TamaSis de-
mons. es saRamo namdvili ansamblia, sadac mTeli dasi yviris,
sadac orkestris yoveli sakravi Tavis hangs ukravs. Tqven iq
SexvdebiT mraval pativsacem adamians, romelnic gasarTobad
mosulan da amisaTvis fuls ixdian, rogorc gadaixdidnen
Teatris warmodgenisTvis an piris gemos dasakmayofileblad,
an mansardaSi avidodnen, raTa iq iafad eyidaT siyvaruli da
mwveli sinanuli, samiode Tvis sagzali. magram gesmiT Tu ara,
ra caxcaxiTa da vaJkacuri simtkiciT unda iyos gamsWvaluli
adamianis suli, romelic mouTmenlad elis samorinis gaRe-
bas? dilis moTamaSesa da saRamos moTamaSes Soris iseTive
gansxvavebaa, rogoric daudevar qmarsa da sayvarels Soris,
romelic ibnideba Tavisi mzeTunaxavis fanjris qveS. mxolod
diliT mJRavndeba mTrTolare vnebaTaRelva da SemaZrwune-
blad gaSiSvlebuli gaWirveba. am dros SegiZliaT namdvili
moTamaSis cqeriT datkbeT. mas ar uWamia, ar uZinia, ar ucx-
ovria, ar ufiqria, imdenad mwvaved amaTraxebda wageb-mogebis
ormagi Rvedi, imdenad mtanjveli iyo TamaSis qavili. rodis
gamova, bolos da bolos, `trant e karant?~1 am dawyevlil
saaTSi Tqven SexvdebiT Tvalebs, romelTa simSvide SegaZr-
1trant e karant _ (fr.) `ocdaaTi da ormoci~, banqos TamaSis erT-erTi
saxeoba.
8
wunebT, saxeebs, romelnic mogajadoeben, gamoxedvas, romel-
ic saTamaSo qaRalds krefs da nTqavs.
erTi sityviT, samorineebi mxolod seansis dasawyisSia dide-
buli. Tu espaneTSi xarebis brZola imarTeba, Tu roms gladi-
atorebi hyavda, parizi samarTlianad Tavisi pale roialiT
amayobs, misi gamaRizianebeli Carxi SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs
sisxlis Rvris suraTiT davtkbeT ise, rom fexi ar dagvisxl-
tes gasisxlianebul parterSi. SediT da scadeT Tvali gadaav-
loT am asparezs... ra sititvlea! kedlebi adamianis simaRleze
gaWuWyianebuli qaRaldiTaa dafaruli, zed arc erTi suraTi ar
Cans iseTi, rom Tvalma wyali dalios. lursmanic ki arsad ar-
Wvia, rom TviTmkvlelobas xeli Seuwyos. iataki gafuWebuli da
usufTaoa. darbazis Suaguli mogrZo magidas uWiravs, misi mwvane
maudi oqro-vercxls gaucrecia. garSemo imdenad ubralo selis
skamebia Camwkrivebuli, rom mnaxveli gakvirvebiT ifiqrebs _ ra
gulgrilni unda iyvnen komfortisadmi es adamianebi, romelnic
aq Tavs iRupaven swored komfortis da simdidris gulisTviso.
es adamianuri winaaRmdegoba Tavs iCens yvelgan, sadac suli
Zalovnad moqmedebs Tavis Tavze. Seyvarebuls surs Tavisi
satrfo abreSumebSi gaaxvios, rbili aRmosavluri qsovilis
naoWebiT dafaros da, umetes SemTxvevaSi, mis sxeuls WuWyian
loginze eufleba. pativmoyvare kaci xelisuflebis mwver-
valze asvlas ocnebobs da mliqvnelobis talaxSi daxoxavs.
vaWari nestiani da usinaTlo duqnis kuTxeSia mikrunCxuli,
raTa farTo palati aagos, saidanac mis Svils, mis nakle-
bad Wkuadamjdar memkvidres, RviZli Zma gandevnis auqcionis
SemweobiT. bolos, arsebobs Tu ara qveyanaze raime ufro ar-
asasiamovno, vidre siamovnebaTa saxlebia? es ucnauri amoca-
naa! adamiani mudam Tavis Tavs ewinaaRmdegeba, igi Tavis imedebs
atyuebs Tavisi axlandeli ubedurebiT, xolo Tavis ubedure-
bas _ momavliT, romelic mas ar ekuTvnis, da yovel Tavis
moqmedebas meryeobisa da sisustis niSans aWdobs. am qveyanaze
araferia srulyofili, garda ubedurebisa.
9
roca axalgazrda kaci darbazSi Sevida, iq ukve ramdenime
moTamaSe imyofeboda. sami meloti berikaci udardelad ujda
mwvanemaudian magidas; maTi saxeebi TiTqos TabaSiridan iyo
Camosxmuli. diplomatebis saxeebis msgavsad, gamoxatavdnen
ugrZnoblobas, magram, amasTanave _ nayrovan sulsa da TrTo-
las gadaCveul guls, romelic maSinac ki ar aZgerdeba, roca
bedis sasworze colis xeluxlebeli mziTevia dadebuli. ax-
algazrda SavTmiani da muqmwvanekaniani italieli wynarad
dayrdnoboda magidis erT kuTxes da TiTqos yurs ugdebda
farul winaTgrZnobas, romelic bediswerasaviT CasCurCulebs
moTamaSes: _ ho, _ ara! es samxreTeli Tavi oqrosa da cecx-
ls afrqvevda. Svidi Tu rva mayurebeli fexze idga, rogorc
Teatris baqanze, da im scenebs eloda, romelTac maT bedis
Carxis triali, msaxiobebis saxeebi, fulis da pawia focxe-
bis moZraoba umzadebda. es usaqmo adamianebi aq usityvod,
umoZraod idgnen da iseve yuradRebiT Sescqerodnen mwvane
mauds, rogorc parizelebi ucqerian grevis moedans, roca
iq jalaTi damnaSaves Tavs hkveTs. maRal, xmel mamakacs, gax-
unebul tanisamosSi gamowyobils, erT xelSi reestri eWira,
xolo meoreSi _ qinZisTavi, raTa aReniSna ramdenjer wiTeli
gamovida da ramdenjer _ Savi. es iyo erTi Tanamedrove tan-
talosTagani,1 romelic TiTqos Tavisi saukunis siamovneba-
Ta gareSe cxovrobs, erTi ganZarculi ZunwTagani, romelic
fuls Tavis fantaziaSi igebs da agebs. bankis damsmelis pir-
dapir ori Tu sami gamobrZmedili moTamaSe ijda, Zveli ka-
torRelebis msgavsi, romelTac veraviTari sasjeli veRar
SeaSinebs; isini aq mosuliyvnen, raTa riski zomierad gaewiaT
da pirveli mogebisTanave amdgariyvnen, radgan mxolod amiT
cxovrobdnen. ori xnieri msaxuri udardelad daseirnobda
gulxeldakrefili; isini drogamoSvebiT fanjaraSi icqire-
1 tantalosi _ berZnuli miTis mixedviT, zevsma tantaloss aseTi sasjeli ga-
nuCina: mSier-mwyurvals win udgas sasmel-saWmeli, magram vera da ver miswvdenia.
10
bodnen, TiTqos imisaTvis, rom gamvlel-gamomvlelTaTvis Ta-
vianTi brtyeli saxeebi eCvenebinaT plakatis magivrad.
is iyo, qaRaldis damrigebelma da bankirma moTamaSeebs
mqrqali da momakvdinebeli Tvalebi miapyres da mkveTri xmiT
dauZaxes, ganagrZeT TamaSio, da axalgazrda kacma kari SeaRo.
dumili TiTqos kidev ufro gaRrmavda da darbazSi myofTa
Tavebi cnobismoyvareobis gamo axalmosulisken mobrunda.
saocari ram moxda! garindebulma berikacebma, gulqva
msaxurebma, mayureblebma, TviT fanatikosma italielma, raR-
ac SeZrwuneba igrZnes ucnobis danaxvaze. adamiani metismetad
ubeduri unda iyos, raTa Sebraleba gamoiwvios, an metis-
metad susti, raTa TanagrZnoba gaaRviZos, an metismetad pir-
quSi, raTa sulni SeaSfoTos, gansakuTrebiT aseT darbazSi,
sadac mwuxareba usityvo unda iyos, ubedureba _ mxiaruli,
sasowarkveTileba _ wesieri. hoda, yovelive es Tavmoyrili
iyo im axal SegrZnebaSi, romelmac gayinuli gulebi gaalxo
axalgazrda ucnobis SesvlisTanave. magram gana, xandaxan
jalaTebs ar utiriaT qalwulTa danaxvaze, romelTa qera
Tavebi giliotinis qveS unda dayriliyo?
pirveli SexedvisTanave moTamaSeebma raRac saSineli saidum-
loeba amoikiTxes axalmosulis saxeze; misi axalgazrda saxis
nakvTebs raRac momxiblavi nisli exvia, misi gamoxedva mravali
imedis gamtyunebas, mraval amao cdas mowmobda! TviTmkvlelis
pirquSi gulgriloba mis Subls avadmyofur elfers aZlev-
da, mware Rimili naoWebs qmnida misi piris kuTxeebSi, xolo
saxe iseT morCilebas gamoxatavda, rom mis Sexedvaze adamians
guli etkineboda. raRac faruli genia ciagebda am danislu-
li Tvalebis siRrmeSi, romelnic, SeiZleba, siamovnebaTa si-
WarbiT iyvnen daqanculi. SeiZleba, Rreobam Tavisi WuWyiani
daRi daaWdo am keTilSobil saxes, erT dros umwikvlosa
da anTebuls, axla ki esoden moTenTils? ueWvelia, eqimebi
gulis manks an filtvebis sisustes miawerdnen Tvalis quTu-
Toebze Semovlebul moyviTalo wreebsa da loyebis siwiTles,
11
poetebi ki am niSnebSi mecnieruli Sromis mier moxdenil
ganadgurebas, sanaTurTan gatarebuli Rameebis kvals dain-
axavdnen. magram vnebaTaRelvas ufro momakvdinebels, vidre
avadmyofobaa, avadmyofobas ufro ulmobels, vidre swavla
da geniaa, Seecvala es axalgazrda Tavi, SeekumSa es cocxali
kunTebi, daeqanca es guli, romelsac mxolod odnav Sexebod-
nen Rreoba, mecnieruli Sroma da avadmyofoba. iseve rogorc
katorRelebi xvdebian mokrZalebiT saxelovan damnaSaves, es
adamianuri saxis mqone demonebic, gamobrZmedilebi tanjva-
wvalebaSi, miesalmnen auwerel mwu xarebas, Rrma Wrilobas,
romelic maTma Tvalebma gazoma, da am ucnobSi erT-erTi Ta-
vianTi mTavari icnes misi didebuli usityvo ironiisa da misi
moxdenili, Raribuli tanisamosis mixedviT. axalgazrda kacs
kargad Sekerili fraki ecva, magram misi Jileti da yelsaxvevi
ise moxerxebulad iyo SeerTebuli, rom Zneli safiqrebelia,
mas perangic scmoda. misi xelebi iseTi mSvenieri iyo, TiTqos
qalisa yofiliyos, magram sisufTave aklda; ukve mesame dRea
xelTaTmani ar hqonia! Tu TviT qaRaldis damrigebeli da msax-
urebi SekrTnen, es imitom, rom mis saTuT da naz agebulebaSi,
mis qera, Txel, bunebrivad daxuWuWebul TmaSi momxiblavi uza-
kveloba gamokrToda. igi ocdaxuTi wlisa iqneboda da biwi-
ereba misTvis SemTxveviTi movlena iyo. axalayvavebuli axal-
gazrda cxovreba aq jer kidev ebrZoda gamanadgurebel, magram
uZlur gulisTqmas. aq sinaTle da sibnele, aryofna da arse-
boba erTmaneTs Sestakeboda, raTa erTdroulad momxiblaoba
da saSineleba warmoeSva. axalgazrda kaci aq wardga, rogorc
uSaravandedo angelozi, romelsac TiTqos gza ahbneoda. da
ai, codvisa da biwierebis yvela es damsaxurebuli ostati, im
ukbilo dedabris msgavsad, romelic sibraluliT imsWvaleba
garyvnilebis gzaze Semdgari mSvenieri qaliSvilisadmi, mzad
iyo daeZaxa axalmosulisaTvis: `wadiT aqedan!~
axalgazrda pirdapir magidasTan mivida, SeCerda da maudze
oqros fuli daagdo, romelic Savisaken gagorda; Semdeg,
12
rogorc Zlieri sulis adamians Seefereba, yovelgvari yoyman-
is gareSe, qaRaldis damrigebels gamgmiravi da wynari Tvalebi
miapyro. am svlam iseTi interesi gamoiwvia, rom berikacebma
araferi dasves; magram italieli vnebiani fanatizmiT CaeW-
ida axal ideas, romelmac mas gauRima, da mTeli Tavisi oqros
xvavi ucnobis sawinaaRmdegod dasva. bankirs daaviwyda eTqva
es fraza, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi xrinwian da gaugebar
Zaxilad gadaiqca: `dasviT! _ ukve dasmulia! _ gaTavda~. dam-
rigebelma qaRaldi gaSala da, Tumca igi gulgrilad ucqero-
da wageb-mogebas, TiTqos gamarjveba usurva axalmosuls. yo-
vel damswres surda am oqros fulis bedSi keTilSobiluri
cxovrebis drama da ukanaskneli scena daenaxa; maTi gabrwyineb-
uli Tvalebi misnur qaRaldebs dascqerodnen; magram verc iq,
verc ymawvilis ugrZnob da morCil saxeze veraferi amoikiTxes.
_ wiTeli, wyvili, pas, _ Tqva oficialuri toniT dam-
rigebelma.
italiels mkerdidan erTgvari yru xriali aRmoxda, roca
bankirma erTimeoris miyolebiT ramdenime dakecili qaRaldis
fuli gadmougdo. ucnobma axalgazrdam ki Tavisi daRupva
mxolod maSin gaigo, roca pawia focxi gamoiwia, raTa misi
ukanaskneli oqro daeTria. igi spilos Zvals moxvda, dai-
wkriala da SurduliviT Cqara SeuerTda bankSi daxvavebul
oqros. ucnobma wynarad daxuWa Tvalebi, tuCebi gaufiTrda;
magram maSinve Tvalebi gaaxila, tuCebi marjnisferi gauxda.
man miiRo ingliselis saxe, romlisTvisac araviTari said-
umloeba ar arsebobs, da wavida ise, rom nugeSi aravisTvis
uTxovia im gulis momkvleli TvalebiT, romlebsac moTama-
Seebi xSirad miapyroben xolme mayureblebs. ramdeni ambavi
xdeba erT wuTSi, ra didi Zala aqvs erTi kamaTlis gagorebas!
_ es ueWvelad misi ukanaskneli tyvia iyo, _ Tqva RimiliT
krupiem erTi wuTis dumilis Semdeg, romlis ganmavlobaSi
mas oqro cersa da salok TiTebs Sua eWira, raTa damswre-
TaTvis eCvenebina.
13
_ igi ganwirulia, wyalSi gadavardeba, _ upasuxa erTma
stumarma da gadaxeda moTamaSeebs, romlebic, TiTqmis ukle-
bliv, erTmaneTs icnobdnen.
_ vah! _ wamoiZaxa erTma msaxurma da Tambaqo amoiRo.
_ netav, am batonisaTvis migvebaZa, _ Tqva erTma berikacma
da Tavis amxanagebs italielze aniSna.
yvelam bednier moTamaSes Sexeda, igi mTrTolare xelebiT
Tvlida qaRaldis fuls.
_ me momesma xma, romelic yurSi CamZaxoda: moigeb, Tu am
ymawvilis sasowarkveTilebis winaaRmdeg dasvamo, _ Tqva man.
_ igi ar unda iyos moTamaSe, _ dasZina bankirma, _ winaaRm-
deg SemTxvevaSi, samad gaanawilebda Tavis fuls, raTa mogebis
meti Sansi hqonoda.
ymawvili uqudod apirebda gareT gasvlas, magram beberma
mekarem SeamCnia am Tavsaburavis beCavi mdgomareoba da usi-
tyvod gadasca patrons; am ukanasknelmac, Tavis mxriv, meqan-
ikurad daabruna nomeri da kibeze daeSva; Di tanti palpiti-s1
ustvenda ise, rom Tavad Zlivs esmoda saucxoo melodia.
igi male pale roialis TaRebqveS aRmoCnda, sent-onores
quCamde mivida, tiulierisken Seuxvia da gaubedavi nabijiT
baRi gadaWra. TiTqos udabnoSi midioda, ver xedavda adami-
anebs, romelnic xvdebodnen an ejaxebodnen. quCis xmaurSi
mxolod erTi xma esmoda, sikvdilis xma; bolos igi savsebiT
gamaognebel fiqrSi Caeflo, rogorc eflobodnen damnaSavee-
bi, romelnic sabargo etls marTlmsajulebis palatidan
grevis moednisaken mihyavda, eSafotisaken, romelic wiTlad
SeRebiliyo 1793 wlis Semdeg daRvrili sisxlis wyalobiT2.
aris raRac didi da SemaZrwunebeli TviTmkvlelobaSi.
1Di tanti palpiti (ital.) _ aria italieli kompozitoris, rosinis, operidan
`tankredi~: `rogor Zgers guli!~ 2 igulisxmeba safrangeTis revoluciis dros gamefebuli sastiki terori,
romlis sulisCamdgmelni iakobinelebi iyvnen.
14
bevria iseTi adamiani, romlis Zirs Camovardna araa saxifaTo,
rogorc bavSvisa, romelic iseTi simaRlidan vardeba, rom
ar Savdeba; magram didi adamianis daSavebisaTvis saWiroa, igi
didi simaRlidan gadmovardes, zecamde iyos asuli, raRac
miuwvdomeli samoTxe hqondes danaxuli. Seubralebeli unda
iyos qariSxali, romelic adamians aiZulebs sulieri simSvide
dambaCis lulas sTxovos. ramdeni axalgazrda niWi Wkneba da
iRupeba mansardebSi megobris, nugeSismcemeli qalis uyolo-
bis gamo, milionobiT adamians Soris, oqroTi daRlili da
mowyenili brbos Tvalwin! RmerTma icis, TviTmkvlelobasa da
ayvavebul imedebs Soris, romelTa xma axalgazrda kacs par-
izisken mouwodebda, ramdeni ganzraxva, ramdeni daumTavre-
beli poeturi nawarmoebi, ramdeni sasowarkveTileba da dax-
Suli Zaxili, ramdeni unayofo cda da udReuri Sedevri iyo.
yoveli TviTmkvleloba melanqoliis amaRlebuli poemaa. sad
naxavT, rom literaturis okeaneSi iseTi wigni amotivtivdes,
romelic genialobiT Seedreba aseT sagazeTo SeniSvnas:
`guSin, oTx saaTze, axalgazrda qali senaSi gadavarda
xelovnebaTa xididan~.
aseTi parizuli lakonizmis winaSe iCrdileba yovelive, drame-
bic, romanebic, TviT am Zveleburi wignis saTauric: `moTqma
saxelovani kaernavaneli mefisa, romelic misma Svilebma sat-
usaRoSi Caagdes~. esaa dakarguli wignis ukanaskneli kari. misma
wakiTxvam bevri atira sterni*, romelmac col-Svili miatova.
ucnobs aTasi amgvari azri mosdioda TavSi. es azrebi dafleTil
droSebs hgavdnen, romelnic brZolis velze frialeben. Tu igi
erTi wuTiT Tavisi azrebisa da mogonebebis tvirTs ixsnida,
raTa Seexeda yvavilebisaTvis, romelTac mwvane xaverdze neli
qari arwevda, maSin cxovrebis wyurvilis zegavleniT, romelic
TviTmkvlelobis mZime ideas ebrZoda, Tvalebs apyrobda zecas;
magram lega Rrublebi, mwuxarebiT damZimebuli qaris sisini,
SexuTuli haeri xelaxla TviTmkvlelobas urCevdnen. mefis xi-
disken gaemarTa da Tavisi winamorbedis fantaziebi gaixsena. gae-
15
cina, roca moagonda, rom lordma kastrifma* Tavisi umdablesi
moTxovnileba daikmayofila, sanam yels gamoiRadravda, xolo
akademikosma oJem* burnuTi monaxa, raTa gzadagza moewia, roca
Tavis mosaklavad midioda. am axirebul adamianTa qcevaze fiqrob-
da, roca instinqturad xidis moajirs mieyrdno, raTa gza mieca
bazridan momavali muSisTvis, romelmac Tavisi tvirTiT saxelo
odnav daumtveriana. man gulmodgined gaibertya saxelo. Semdeg
TaRis Suaguls miaRwia da pirquSad daacqerda mdinares.
_ cudi daria Tavis dasaxrCobad, _ uTxra siciliT ZonZe-
bSi gaxveulma dedaberma, _ sena mRvrie da civia.
man upasuxa gulubryvilo RimiliT, romelic misi vaJkacu-
ri gadawyvetilebis sigiJes mowmobda; magram tanSi Jruantelma
dauara, roca Soridan tiulieris navsadguris TavSi xis fanCa-
turi dainaxa erTi wyrTis sigrZis asoebiT: `wyalSi Cacvenil-
Ta daxmareba~. man warmoidgina am dawesebulebis meTauri, b-ni
daSe*, aRsavse kacTmoyvareobiT. igi Tavis koxta niCbebs swevda
zeviT da anavardebda, raTa TavSi Caekra morevSi CacvenilTaTvis,
Tu isini, saubedurod, amotivtivdebodnen; ai, b-ni daSe ukan ax-
evinebs cnobismoyvareebs, eZebs eqims, amzadebs Sesakmevs; ai, Ju-
rnalistebi samZimris sityvebs Txzaven qeifis Semdeg, moRimari
da mocekvave qalebis sazogadoebaSi; ai, senis prefeqti menavee-
bs vercxlis fuls uTvlis misi gvamis wylidan amoRebisTvis.
sikvdilis Semdeg igi ormocdaaTi franki Rirebula, sicocx-
leSi ki niWier kacs warmoadgenda, arc mfarveli hyolia, arc
megobrebi, moklebuli iyo Calis leibsac da sareklamo dafda-
fis xmasac, namdvili socialuri nuli iyo, gamousadegari
saxelmwifosaTvis, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sruliadac ar it-
kivebda Tavs misTvis. dRisiT sikvdili uRirsad eCvena da gadaw-
yvita, RamiT momkvdariyo, raTa Tavisi usaxelo da gamoucnobi
gvami gadaeca im sazogadoebisaTvis, romelic ar cnobda misi
sicocxlis sidiades. gza ganagrZo da volteris sanapirosken
gaemarTa, amasTanave, iseTi saxe miiRo, TiTqos udardeli da us-
aqmo adamiani yofiliyo da drois mokvla ndomeboda.
16
sanapiro quCis kuTxeSi misi yuradReba galavanze gamofe-
nilma Zvelma wignebma miipyro; cota daaklda, kinaRam gamyid-
vels SeevaWra. saxeze mware sicilma gaurbina, filosofiurad
jibeebSi xelebi Caiwyo da gzis gagrZelebas apirebda, rom
uceb saxtad darCa: jibidan fulis fantastikuri wkriali
moesma. misi saxe imedis Rimilma gaanaTa, Tvalebi gaubrwyin-
da, Subli gaexsna, loyebi Seefakla. es imedis naperwkali
im cecxls hgavda, romelic erTxel gadaurbens damwvari
qaRaldis furcels; misi saxe xelaxla nacrisferi gaxda,
roca jibidan xeli amoiRo da sami spilenZis fuli dainaxa.
_ ah! Cemo gulkeTilo batono, la carita! La carita! Catarina!1 erTi groSi gviboZeT puris sayidlad!
am kacs ukanasknel groSs sTxovda buxris mwmendeli biWi, rom-
lis saxe da ZonZebiT dafaruli tani WvartliT iyo gamuruli.
buxris mwmendeli biWidan oriode nabijze beberma maTxo-
varma, romelsac morcxvi, avadmyofi, tanjuli adamianis saxe
hqonda da dafleTili Sali exura, dabali, yru xmiT uTxra: _
batono, momeciT, rac SegiZliaT, RvTis gulisaTvis... magram
roca axalgazrda kacma moxucs Sexeda, am ukanasknelma xma
Caikminda, SeiZleba imitom, rom am usicocxlo saxeze ufro
mZafri gaWirvebis niSani dainaxa, vidre misi, sakuTari iyo.
_ La carita! La carita! man Tavisi spilenZis fuli gadaugdo biWsa da moxucs da
sanapiros qvafenilidan saxlebisken ibruna piri, radgan
senis cqeras veRar itanda.
_ RmerTs SevevedrebiT, raTa dRegrZeloba moganiWos, _
uTxres maTxovrebma.
roca graviurebis erT savaWros miaRwia, am TiTqmis micva-
lebul adamians axalgazrda qali Sexvda: brwyinvale etlidan
gadmodioda. aRtacebiT daacqerda am momajadoebel pirovne-
1 La carita! La carita! Catarina! _ `moiReT mowyaleba! mowyaleba! wm. ekaterines
gulisaTvis!~ (ital.).
17
bas, romlis TeTri saxe harmoniulad iyo garemoculi moxde-
nili qudis atlasiT. vaJi moxibla qalis moqnilma tanma,
lamazma moZraobam. etlidan Camosvlis dros kaba odnav aiwia
da fexi gamoaCina, misi natifi konturebi naTlad gamoixata
TeTr, saluq windebSi.
axalgazrda qali maRaziaSi Sevida da albomebi da liTo-
grafiebis koleqciebi gadmoaRebina, zogi ram iyida da ram-
denime oqro gadaixada. fulma gaanaTa da daiwkriala dax-
lze. axalgazrda kacma, romelic TiTqos gareT gamofenili
graviurebis daTvalierebiT iyo gatacebuli, mSvenier ucnobs
gamgmiravi TvaliT Sexeda da, samagierod, erTi is uzrunveli
Sexedva miiRo, romliTac qali SemTxveviT gamvlels ajil-
doebs xolme. vaJis mxriv, es niSnavda gamoTxovebas siyvarul-
Tan da qalTan! magram es ukanaskneli, Zalovani SekiTxva ver
gauges, man ver aaRelva udardeli qalis guli, ver gaawiTla,
Tvalebi ver daaxrevina. ra iyo es am qalisTvis? erTi zedmeti
aRtaceba, erTi mis mier STagonebuli survili, romelic saR-
amoTi siamovnebiT aTqmevinebda: `ho, dRes sandomiani viyavi!~
axalgazrda kacma saCqarod meore fanjrisken gadainacvla
da ukan ar mouxedavs, roca ucnobi qali etlSi jdeboda. cx-
enebi daiZrnen, fufunebisa da silazaTis am ukanasknel suraTs
bindi gadaefara, iseve, rogorc efareboda mis sicocxles.
igi melanqoliuri nabijiT gauyva gzas maRaziebis gaswvriv;
gamofenili saqonlis nimuSebs uinteresod ucqeroda. roca
savaWroebis rigi dasrulda, luvris, institutis, RvTismSob-
lis taZris koSkebis, marTlmsajulebis palatis, xelovnebaTa
xidis daTvalierebas Seudga. es Zeglebi sevdianad gamoiyure-
bodnen, cis nacrisfer tonebs Sexamebodnen; es moRuSuli ca
raRac mrisxane gamometyvelebas aniWebda parizs, romelic,
lamazi qalis msgavsad, gaugebar kaprizebs eqvemdebareba, xan
maxinjia da xan mSvenieri. amrigad, TiTqos TviT buneba awyob-
da SeTqmulebas, ra Ta es momakvdavi adamiani gulistkivilis
eqstazs moecva. igi im mavne Zalas daepyro, romelic adamians
18
TiTqos arRvevs nervebis nakadis SemweobiT. igi grZnobda, rom
misi sxeuli SeumCnevlad siTxis mdgomareobas uaxlovdeboda.
am sulTmobrZaobis tanjva iseT moZraobas aniWebda, TiTqos
igi talRa iyo, xolo Senobebi, adamianebi, sagnebi nislSi iy-
vnen gaxveuli da irweodnen.
undoda Tavi daeRwia gaRizianebisaTvis, romelsac masze
fizikuri buneba axdenda, da antikvariatis maRaziisken Seux-
via im ganzraxviT, rom Tavisi grZnobebi esazrdoebina da daR-
amebamde dro gaetarebina mxatvruli nivTebiT vaWrobaze. es,
ase vTqvaT, is gamamxnevebeli da gulis momcemi sasmeli iqne-
boda, romelsac eSafotze mimavali damnaSaveebi Txouloben,
roca TavianTi Zalis imedi ara aqvT; magram moaxloebuli
sikvdilis Segnebam am ymawvils erTi wuTiT iseTive TviTrw-
mena mianiWa, rogoric aqvs hercogis meuRles, roca mas ori
sayvareli hyavs. maRaziaSi udardeli saxiT Sevida; saxeze Se-
zarxoSebuli adamianis Rimili uTamaSebda; da marTlac, gana
igi sicocxliT an, SeiZleba, sikvdiliT mTvrali ar iyo?
uceb xelaxla Tavbru daexva; sagnebi ucnaurad Seferadebuli
warmoudgnen. isini wynarad irxeodnen. amis mizezi, ueWvelia,
misi sisxlis uwesrigo moZraoba iyo. es sisxli xan CuxCux-
ebda CanCqeriviT, xan mdore da neli xdeboda Tbili wyaliviT.
maRaziaSi Sesvlisas ganacxada, mxolod sawyobis daTvalier-
eba minda, raTa gavigo, xom araferia iq Cemi gemovnebis Sesaf-
erio. axalgazrda saxegafurCqnilma da loyawiTelma noqarma,
romelsac qera Tma hqonda da wavis qudi exura, maRaziis Tva-
lyuris devneba beber glexis qals, erTgvar mdedrobiTi sqesis
kalibans1, miando, romelic wmendda buxars _ bernar palisis*
geniis nawarmoebs, Semdeg ucnobs uzrunveli toniT mimarTa:
_ daaTvaliereT, batono, daaTvaliereT!.. qveviT Cven mx-
olod Cveulebrivi nivTebi gvaqvs, magram, Tu zeda sarTulze
1 kalibani _ Seqspiris piesis `qariSxlis~ personaJi, naxevrad adamiani,
naxevrad mxeci.
19
abrZanebas inebebT, SemiZlia mSvenieri mumiebi gaCvenoT, kai-
rodan Camotanili, mravali mooWvili WurWeli, ramdenime
Savi xis CuqurTma _ namdvili renesansi. yovelive es am cota
xnis winaT miviReT, yvelaferi namdvilad mSvenieria.
saSinel mdgomareobaSi, romelSic ucnobi imyofeboda, am CiC-
erones ybedoba, es suleluri vaWruli frazebi mas im wvrilman
abezrobad eCveneboda, romlis SemweobiT gonebaSezRuduli ada-
mianebi klaven genioss. gadawyvita, Tavisi jvari bolomde ezida.
iseTi saxe miiRo, TiTqos yuradRebiT usmenda Tavis winamZRols
da an xelis moZraobiT, an erTmarcvliani sityvebiT upasuxeb-
da mis kiTxvebs; magram SeumCnevlad dadumebis ufleba moipova
da uSiSrad mieca Tavis ukanasknel SemaZrwunebel fiqrebs. igi
poeti iyo da misma sulma anazdeulad uxvi sakvebi ipova. mas
naadrevad aTasi msoflios sasaflao unda daenaxa.
Tvalis pirvel gadavlebaze sawyobebi bundovan suraTad
eCvena, sadac adamianuri da RvTaebrivi qmnilebani erTman-
eTSi areuliyo; CaliT gatenili niangebi, maimunebi, gvelebis
fitulebi ucinodnen eklesiis moxatul minebs, TiTqos gamo-
qandakebuli saxeebis kbenas, galaquli nivTebis gamodevnebas an
WaRebze acocebas apirebdnen. sevris larnaki, romelzec qalba-
tonma Jakotom* napoleoni daxata, moTavsebuli iyo faraon se-
zostrisisadmi1 Sewiruli sfinqsis gverdiT. samyaros dasawyisi
da guSindeli ambebi axirebuli gulubryvilobiT iyo SeuRle-
buli. Samfuri taZris kidobanze ido, respublikuri xmali _
saSualo saukuneebis SaSxanaze. qalbatoni diubari*, romelic
laturs* pasteliT daexata, varskvlaviT Tavze, gatitvlebuli
da RrublebSi gaxveuli, gulisTqmiT ucqeroda indur Cibuxs
da cdilobda gaego, ra sargebloba mohqonda mis gveliviT dak-
laknil xveulebs. sikvdilis iaraRebi, maxvilebi, xanjlebi,
ucnauri dambaCebi erT xrovad eyara sicocxlis iaraRebTan,
faifuris jamebTan, saqsonur TefSebTan, gamWvirvale Cinur fi-
1 faraoni sezostrisi _ igive ramzes II (Zv.w. 1300-1230).
20
alebTan, antikur samarileebTan, feodalur TasebTan. spilos
Zvlis xomaldi afragaSlili micuravda uZravi kus zurgze.
pnevmaturi manqana Tvalis davsebas upirebda mefurad SeuS-
foTebel imperator avgusts. ramdenime frangi qalaqis mour-
avi da ramdenime holandieli burgomistri, romelnic aqac, su-
raTebze, iseTive ugrZnobelni Candnen, rogoric sicocxleSi
iyvnen, civi da amoRamebuli TvalebiT zemodan dascqerodnen
am siZveleTa qaoss. TiTqos dedamiwis yovel kuTxes aq Tavisi
sibrZnis raime natexi, Tavisi xelovnebis raime nimuSi moetana.
es erTgvari filosofiuri sasuqi iyo, romelsac araferi akl-
da, arc veluris avgarozi, arc haramxanis movarayebuli mwvane
qoSebi, arc mavruli iatagani1, arc TaTruli kerpi. aq moipove-
boda yvelaferi: jariskacis qisac, mRvdlis barZim-feSxumic,
taxtis baliSic. sxivis aTasnairi TamaSi, sinaTlisa da sibnelis
mZafri Widili kidev ufro ucnaurs xdida am zRaprul sanax-
aobas. TiTqos yurs Sewyvetili Zaxili esmoda, suli daumTa-
vrebel dramebs grZnobda, Tvali naxevrad Camqral sinaTles
xedavda. bolos, Seupovar mtvers msubuqi leCaqi gadaefarebina
am sagnebze da maTi mravalferadi kuTxeebi, maTi xveulebi uaR-
resad mxatvrul STabeWdilebas axdendnen.
ucnobma Tavdapirvelad es sami darbazi, savse civilizaciiT,
kultebiT, RmerTebiT, SedevrebiT, samefoebiT, RreobiT, go-
nierebiTa da sigiJiT, Seadara mravalwaxnagovan sarkes, romlis
TiToeul waxnagSi mTeli samyaro isaxeba. am bundovani STabe-
Wdilebis Semdeg mas undoda arCeul sagnebze SeCerebuliyo
siyvaruliT; magram Zaldatanebulma cqeram, fiqrma, ocnebam
gaaZliera cieb-cxelebis caxcaxi, romelic, SeiZleba, Signeu-
lobis mRrRneli SimSilobiTac iyo gamowveuli. am uamravma
nacionalurma Tu individualurma arsebam, romelTa mowmobas
es adamianuri sabuTebi warmoadgendnen, sabolood gaarinda
ymawvili kaci; survili, romelmac maRaziaSi moiyvana, asrul-
1 iatagani _ aRmosavluri mokle maxvili, moxrili da orlesuli.
21
da: igi gamovida realuri cxovrebidan, safexurebiT avida ide-
alur qveyanaSi, miaRwia aRfrTovanebis mojadoebul palatebs,
saidanac samyaro Semusvrili eCvena cecxlis xazebSi, rogorc
erT dros alsa da kvamlSi Seblardnilma momavalma cxovrebam
patmosze1 Tvalwin gauara ioane maxarobels.
mis Tvalwin mwuxare, sandomiani an SemaZrwunebeli, bneli
an naTeli, Soreuli an axlobeli saxeebi aRimarTnen. isini
mTel masebs, miriadebs, Taobebs warmoadgendnen. udabnoebis
qviSidan aRdga gaqvavebuli, Sveti, idumali egvipte. igi war-
modgenili iyo Sav artaxebSi gaxveuli mumiis saxiT. Semdeg
modiodnen faraonebi, romelnic mTel xalxs asamarebdnen,
raTa TavianTi sasaflao aegoT; Semdeg kidev _ mose, ebraelebi,
udabno; da igi Wvretda mTel antikur da zviad qveyanas.
kvarcxlbekze marmarilos wyaljavariani da momxiblavi
qandakeba idga. misi mwyazari saxe saberZneTisa da ioniis2 vnebi-
an miTebs mouTxrobda. ah, vin ar gaicinebda iseve, rogorc
man gaicina, roca etruskuli Tixis larnakis wiTel fonze
Savgvremani axalgazrda qali dainaxa, romelic cekvavda Rmer-
Tis, priapis3 winaSe da mas mxiaruli saxiT salams uZRvnida?
iqve, axlos, laTinTa dedofali siyvaruliT elaciceboda
Tavis qimeras! aq imperatorTa romis sunTqva ismoda, ocne-
baSi isaxeboda nebieri, mibnedili iulias* abano, sareceli,
tansacmeli. es qali TiTqos Tavis tibuls* eloda. cicero-
nis Tavi, aRWurvili arabuli Tilismebis ZaliT, Tavisufali
romis mogonebebs iwvevda da titus liviusis* furclebs Sli-
da. axalgazrda kaci TiTqos romis senatsa da xalxs ucqero-
da. mis Tvalwin, sizmris nisliani saxeebis msgavsad, neli na-
1 patmosi _ kunZuli egeosis zRvaSi, sadac ioane maxarobelma momavlis gamocxade-
ba ixila da aRwera (cnobilia ioanes gamocxadebis, anu apokalifsis saxelwodebiT).2 ionia _ mcire aziis dasavleTi sanapiro, Zveli berZnuli tomebiT (gan-
sakuTrebiT ionielTa) mier dasaxlebuli.3 priapi _ berZnul miTologiaSi nayofierebisa da xorcieli siyvarulis
RmerTi, dionisesa da afrodites vaJi.
276
s a r C e v i
Tavi pirveli
Tilisma ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5Tavi meore
ugulo qali----------------------------------------------------------- 82Tavi mesame
sulTmobrZaoba--------------------------------------------------- 184epilogi----------------------------------------------------------- 264
SeniSvnebi--------------------------------------------------------- 266
277
`kviris palitris~ biblioTeka
wigni 1
redaqtori maia aludauri
koreqtorebi: natalia CimakaZe
marina inaniSvili
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa giorgi asaTiani
ydis dizaini eTer gziriSvili
proeqtis menejeri TinaTin asaTiani
gamomcemloba palitra L, 2010
misamarTi: iosebiZis q. 49, tel.: 38-38-71
E-mail: [email protected]
50 wigni, romelic unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar
278
279
jek londoni
martin ideni
SoTa rusTaveli
vefxistyaosani
male gamova:male gamova: