Your Name:

Chickens

Grand Firs

Pine Cones

Monkey Bars

Cotton Candy

Spiral Stairs

Swinging

Strawberries

Blueberries

Asphalt

Ice

Bubbles

Flowers

Eggs

Peas

Worms

Lettuce

Light

Vinegar & Baking Soda

Light Bending Prism

Bubble Snakes

Potato Stabbing

Cotton Candy

Geode Breaking

Worm Watching

Pine Cone Smashing

SCIENCEis the study of the physical

universe and natural world using

systematic observation and experiment

There are many types of

science and scientists,

but they all love

to Learn

to Question

and to Understand

Male pine cones

are small and soft

[and the cause of a

lot of sweeping]

The biggest pine cones can be

up to 2 feet long and weigh

10 pounds

What we normally think of as

pine cones are the female ones

Abies grandis are native to the Pacific Northwest

They can live for nearly

500 years and

grow up to 250 feet tall

Sap from the bark can be used to

wash out infected eyes, gargled for a

sore throat and even chewed as gum

Asphalt is cruddy leftovers

from turning oil into gasoline

Delivery trucks do this

by routing their engine

exhaust pipes back into

their dumpers

It has to be kept over

300°F so it doesn't harden

ChickensThere are more chickens on Earth than

people, over 3 billion in China alone

Chickens can have babies with Turkeys, they’re called Turkins

Chickens are the closest

living relative of the Tyrannosaurus Rex

Once a chicken named Mike lived

months without his head18

EggsOlder eggs float, fresher eggs sink, because an

air pocket develops inside the egg over time [also why older eggs are better to boil, the air pocket makes them easier to peel]

When growing inside

the hen, an egg is turned

50 times a dayso the yolk doesn’t stick

to one side

are described by “turn” – quarter-turn,

half-turn or full-turn – depending on

which way you face getting on and off

Spiral Stairs

In medieval

times spirals

wound clockwise

to make it

harder for

knights

attacking from

below to fight

with their right hands

The

spiral

stair’s

center

pole is

called a

N

E

W

EL

SwingingAt the top of your swing you have

potential energy, when you're moving

down it changes to kinetic energy,

then back to potential on the upswing

To swing higher, you need to add energy

Past the bar, the tension would pull you down, not

up – which is why you can't pump to over the bar

By pumping, you pull on the

chains to shift your weight beyond your arc

The chains resist, pulling you higher

is radiant energy of which we

only see a tiny portion, called

the Visible Spectrum

Lightis made of Photons, which neurons in your

eyes, called Rods and Cones, convert to signals

A Magnifying Glass works by

bending light – refraction –

making your brain (which is used

to interpreting unbent light)

perceive an object as further and

bigger than it actually is

With no weight or charge, photons travel faster than anything in

the universe, nearly ~300 million meters each second…

One Hundred Million times faster than you can run

Peasare possibly the most important plants in history

One of the first plants to be grown

by people for food, way back in the

Bronze Age,

In the 1850s, Gregor Mendel used

them to understand how observable

traits – phenotypes – were passed

down from parents to children,

forming the foundation of Genetics

8000 years ago

It was first cultivated by ancient Egyptians, nearly

years ago

is part of the sunflower family, Asteraceae.

5000Lettuce produces

latex, in fact

the word “lettuce” traces back to the

Latin lactuca, with ‘lac’ meaning

milk to describe the white latex

that exudes from the stem

Lettuce

Strawberriesare the only fruit with seeds on the outside, on average

about They are the most popular fruit

The strawberry is also often

considered a symbol of love

Eaten by 94% of Americans

With over half of kids listing

them as their favorite fruit

200seeds

Blueberriesare one of the only foods that are naturally blue

What makes them blue are

Anthocyanins,

which is also what makes

them good for your eyes

and body

They are one of only

3 berries native to America

Cotton CandyIn 1897, the first cotton candy machine was

invented by a dentist, William Morrison during the industrial revolution

Cotton candy is

the result of sugar

subjected to Heatand Centrifugal

ForceCotton candy is fluffy because

the sugar molecules cool so quickly that they don’t have

time to re-crystallize

Ice

Icecovers up 12% of

the Earth’s surface

and contains

When compressed, water

molecules organize into a

hexagonal lattice, or

Tetrahedron

this spreads them out, making

ice less dense than water,

which is why it floats

80% of Earth’s freshwater

Flowersare the reproductive

part of angiosperms,

the most diverse plants

with an estimated

400,000 different species,more than 30x as many species as any other types of plants

Flowers represent

the many strategies

plants have evolved

to attract pollinators,

which can be insects,

birds, bats, or even

mammals

BubblesSoap bubbles are a very thin layer

of water sandwiched between two layers of soap

Interference between light waves reflected from

the inner and outer surfaces create a bubble’s many colors

Soap bubbles naturally minimize surface

area…human math has a much harder

time solving this problem, as even how

two bubbles do this, the “double bubble

conjecture”, wasn’t proved until recently

On their own, bubbles usually pop from the top

because gravity pulls down on the water,

making the top thinner and thinner

Monkey + BarsMonkeys and apes are our closest relatives,

Bonobos and Chimpanzees have

the same DNA as humans

The smallest monkey,

a pygmy marmoset,

is less than

inches long

and weighs about the

same as a cell phone

99%

5

While the largest ape, the gorilla, can weigh over

(likely more than your whole family combined) pounds600

Many monkeys arms are longer than their legs, making them good at swinging on monkey bars (and branches)

Vinegar & Baking Soda

Materials

Erlenmeyer Flask with

40ml of Vinegar – a liquid

also known as Acetic Acid, CH3COOH

Test tube containing Baking

Soda – a powdered solid also

called Sodium Carbonate, NaHCO3

A Balloon from your kit bag

Steps

1. Put the balloon on the test

tube and carefully dump the

powder into the balloon

2. Take off the test tube (you

can take it home in your kit)

3. Put the balloon on the

Erlenmeyer flask

4. Lift up the balloon to let the

powder fall into the liquid

Here you’ll use a solid and a liquid to make a gas!

Vinegar + Baking SodaWhat happens?

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → NaC2H3O2 + H2O + CO2

(Baking Soda + Vinegar → Sodium Acetate + Water + Carbon Dioxide)

• How do you know when the reaction is complete?

• When you tie off your balloon do you notice anything

unusual about it?

• Can you design an experiment to test if it’s heavier than

normal? (hint: you have more balloons in your bag)

You can keep your flask and repeat this reaction at home!

The flask is glass, so be careful not to break it

MakingCotton Candy

8 steps to Cotton CandySteps

1. Turn the machine off using the switch on the bottom

2. Pour exactly one scoop (no more!) into the center hole

3. Turn the machine back on

4. When sugar strands begin to appear, catch them with a

paper cone

5. Be careful not touch the center with your hands (it’s hot!)

or with the cone (your cotton candy will melt)

6. When you stop seeing new strands appear you’re done

7. Enjoy your cotton candy

8. Wash all the sticky off your hands and face

Breaking a GeodeSteps

1. Take your safety glasses from your bag and put

them on

2. Put a geode in a sock

3. Tap the geode with a hammer (not too hard)

4. Turn it as you do this, hitting all the sides in the

middle – this will help it crack along a line

5. Be patient and careful, and you will be rewarded!

6. Be sure to take your geode home in your science kit

How many kinds of

worms are there at

this station?

What are differences

between them?

What do they look like under

a magnifying glass?

What’s the difference in

their habitats?

Aristotle called worms “the intestines of the earth” and

Charles Darwin wrote a whole book about them, calling

them the most important creatures in the world

WormsWorms

cannot

hear or see

Worms don't have lungs, but they have 5 hearts

They get oxygen through

their skin, which is why they need to stay moist

There are no boy or girl worms, they are hermaphrodites

Potato Stabbing

Potato StabbingTry stabbing a potato with a straw

Did it work?

Now, hold your finger over one end

of the straw and stab it again

Can you stab the potato?

What’s the difference?

Why does trapping air in the

straw make stab better?

Bending Light

A prism separates the

light by bending different

wavelengths at different angles…

PrismsSunlight contains all the colors of the rainbow…(infrared and UV light too)

…but we can’t seem

them when they’re

all mixed together

Can you make a rainbow

using the prism?

What happens when you

look through the prism?

so we can see all the colors!

Bubble SnakesSteps

1. Take the socked bottle out of your bag

2. Dip the sock end in the bubble solution

3. Blow through the bottle opening

Be careful not to

breathe in when the

bottle is in your mouth!

You can take your snake-maker

home (if it isn’t too messy)

Bubble SnakesHow is it different from

blowing bubbles with a wand?

How long can you make the

snake using only one breath?

How long can you make

the snake before it breaks?

Why do the bubbles last

longer than normal?