5 india seminar 2007
TRANSCRIPT
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Biomechanics, AccidentBiomechanics, Accident
Analysis and Vehicle SafetyAnalysis and Vehicle Safety
Jeya PadmanabanJeya Padmanaban
JP Research, Inc.JP Research, Inc.
December 5, 2007December 5, 2007
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Traffic Safety is aTraffic Safety is a GlobalGlobalIssueIssue
The most significant contributors to traffic deathsThe most significant contributors to traffic deathsinclude:include:
Lack of seat belt and helmet use,Lack of seat belt and helmet use,
Alcohol impairment,Alcohol impairment,
Speed, andSpeed, and
Poor road awarenessPoor road awareness
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Collect Field DataCollect Field Data
Collect aCollect accident, vehicular, and environmentalccident, vehicular, and environmental data todata toidentifyidentify::
What categories of road users are involved in crashes?What categories of road users are involved in crashes?
Pedestrians/bicyclists/rickshaws/three wheelersPedestrians/bicyclists/rickshaws/three wheelers
WWhat behavior patterns lead to crashes?hat behavior patterns lead to crashes?
Disobey traffic lights/speeding/alcoholDisobey traffic lights/speeding/alcohol Under what conditions do crashes occurUnder what conditions do crashes occur??
Poor visibility/wet roads/rural areaPoor visibility/wet roads/rural area
Injury Mechanisms/ CausationInjury Mechanisms/ Causation
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Create Local SolutionsCreate Local Solutions
Collect data on crash scene investigationsCollect data on crash scene investigations Create public awareness for use of safety featuresCreate public awareness for use of safety features
(helmets, belts etc.)(helmets, belts etc.)
Heighten EMS awarenessHeighten EMS awareness
Gather information as a basis for tests and standardsGather information as a basis for tests and standards
Understand injury mechanisms through computerUnderstand injury mechanisms through computermodelingmodeling
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US Crash DataUS Crash Data
US National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationUS National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)(NHTSA)
Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS):Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS):
Census of all vehicle crashes occurring on public trafficways thCensus of all vehicle crashes occurring on public trafficways that resultat resultin deathin death within 30 days of crash.within 30 days of crash.
National Automotive Sampling System (NASS):National Automotive Sampling System (NASS):
Representative sample of towRepresentative sample of tow--away crashes investigated in detail byaway crashes investigated in detail byNASS teams consisting of engineers, biomechanical experts, medicNASS teams consisting of engineers, biomechanical experts, medicalal
personnel, and statisticians.personnel, and statisticians.
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DeltaDelta--VVNASS usesNASS uses CRASH3CRASH3 softwaresoftware
Injury scheme AIS 0Injury scheme AIS 0--6 (abbreviated injury scale)6 (abbreviated injury scale)
Number of quarter turns; type of rolloverNumber of quarter turns; type of rollover
Roof deformationRoof deformationlocation/magnitude/directionlocation/magnitude/direction
Nature of injuriesNature of injuriesdetailed classificationdetailed classification
Injury sourceInjury source
vehicular component; groundvehicular component; ground
Occupant height and weightOccupant height and weight
Unique Variables in NASS/CDSUnique Variables in NASS/CDS
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Purpose of NASS DataPurpose of NASS Data
Assessment of the overall state of traffic safety, and identificAssessment of the overall state of traffic safety, and identification of existing and potentialation of existing and potentialtraffic safety problems.traffic safety problems.
Obtaining detailed data on the crash performance of passenger caObtaining detailed data on the crash performance of passenger cars, light trucks, vans, andrs, light trucks, vans, andutility vehicles.utility vehicles.
Evaluation of vehicle safety systems and designs.Evaluation of vehicle safety systems and designs.
Increasing knowledge about the nature of crash injuries, as wellIncreasing knowledge about the nature of crash injuries, as well as the relationship betweenas the relationship betweenthe type and seriousness of a crash and the resultant injuries.the type and seriousness of a crash and the resultant injuries.
Assessment of the effectiveness of motor vehicle and traffic safAssessment of the effectiveness of motor vehicle and traffic safety program standards.ety program standards.
Evaluation of alcohol and safety belt use programs.Evaluation of alcohol and safety belt use programs.
Evaluation of the effect of societal changes, such as increasedEvaluation of the effect of societal changes, such as increasedtraffic flow and increased largetraffic flow and increased largetruck traffic.truck traffic.
Source: NHTSA, USA.Source: NHTSA, USA.
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NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Rollover: Severe Roof Deformation, Minor Injury
(NASS Case 1997-48-144C)
Source: NASS Crashworthiness Data System, a specific NASS database of about5,000 crashes a year involving passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and utility vehicles.
Right Front Occ.(near side)
Belted41 year old female
HFN: MAIS 1Torso: MAIS 0
Vertical Intrusion:3 to 6 inches
1997 Ford E-Series Van: 6 quarter turns, rolled right
Left Front Driver(far side)
Belted41 year old male
HFN: MAIS 1Torso: MAIS 0
Vertical Intrusion:18 to 24 inches
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NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Case Summary Report:
Crash
Summary
Structure Case Summary
Vehicles Occupants
Structure Vehicles
Events
Vehicles
Person
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NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Scene Diagram Report:
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Photos Report:
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
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NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
General Vehicle Report:
Vehicle
Vehicle Identification
Weight
InspectionOfficial Records
Police Reported
Driver
Pre-Crash EnvironmentGeneral
Conditions
Roadway
Traffic Control
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NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
General Vehicle Report (cont.):
Driver
General
Distractions
AOPSAir Bag Related
Rollover
Rollover Data
Rollover InitiationReconstruction
Heading Angle at Impact
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NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
General Vehicle Report (cont.):
Reconstruction
Reconstruction Data
Delta V
Highest Computer Generated Delta VBarrier Equivalent Speed
Confidence Level
Estimated Delta V
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NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Exterior Vehicle Report:
Vehicle
Vehicle Identification
Weight
InspectionGeneral
Damage
Tires
SpecificationsOriginal Specifications
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NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Exterior Vehicle Report (cont.):
Crush Profile
CDC
Event Number
FuelFuel System Number
Fire
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NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Interior Vehicle Report:
Vehicle
Vehicle Identification
Integrity
Passenger Compartment IntegrityOpening Integrity
Glazing
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NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Interior Vehicle Report (cont.):
Intrusion
Instrument Panel
Steering
Steering ColumnSteering Worksheet
Contact
Ejection/Entrapment
Ejection
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97-48-144C
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Vehicle Safety Report:
Vehicle
Vehicle Identification
Seats
Row and LocationSeat
Air Bag Ever Available
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97-48-144C
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Vehicle Safety Report (cont.):
Restraints Automatic
Row and Location
Restraints - Manual
Row and LocationAirbag
Air bag
Function
OccupantChild Seat
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97-48-144C
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Vehicle Sketches Report:
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97-48-144C
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Intrusion Sketches Report:
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97-48-144C
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Interior Contact Sketches Report:
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97-48-144C
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Occupant Report:
Occupant
Occupant Information
Police Reported
EjectionEntrapment
Seat
Definition
Head RestraintSeat
Child Seat Used
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97-48-144C
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Occupant Report (cont.):
Air Bag
Air Bag Function
Air Bag Switch
DamageAir Bag Evaluation
Delta V
Child Seat
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97-48-144C
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Occupant Report (cont.):
Seat Belt
Manual
Automatic
InjuryInjury/Treatment
Injury/Medical
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97-48-144C
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Occupant Report (cont.):
Injury Codes
Number
Vital Signs
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97-48-144C
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
Injury Sketches Report:
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Photos Report:
NASS Data ExampleNASS Data Example
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Where do we start?Where do we start?
Fatalities/Serious injuriesFatalities/Serious injuries
Focus on areas where most of the fatalities/seriousFocus on areas where most of the fatalities/serious
injuries occurinjuries occur
Accident Investigation (small steps)/ InjuryAccident Investigation (small steps)/ Injurymechanismsmechanisms
Hospital connectionHospital connection
Collect and analyze data on few important variablesCollect and analyze data on few important variables
Quality control proceduresQuality control procedures