A HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS BACKHAULNETWORKS

USING MASSIVE MIMO AND MOBILEFEMTOCELLS

Presented by

P.SAI KIRAN KUMAR(13751D6107)

M.Tech, Communication Systems

SITAMS.

Agenda

AIM HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS ? ARCHITECTURE KEY 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODELS

CENTRAL SOLUTIONS DISTRIBUTION SOLUTIONS

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BACKHAUL NETWORKS ADVANTAGES

AIM HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS ? ARCHITECTURE KEY 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODELS

CENTRAL SOLUTIONS DISTRIBUTION SOLUTIONS

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BACKHAUL NETWORKS ADVANTAGES

AIM

ANY-BODY ANY- THING ANY-WHERE ANY-TIME ANY-HOW

ANY-BODY ANY- THING ANY-WHERE ANY-TIME ANY-HOW

HET NET ?

Heterogeneous networks: small cellswithin macro cells Improve user data rate near the access point Offload data from the macro cell to the small cell Reduce transmit power (terminal and BS) Flexible deployment in dense areas

Heterogeneous networks: small cellswithin macro cells Improve user data rate near the access point Offload data from the macro cell to the small cell Reduce transmit power (terminal and BS) Flexible deployment in dense areas

4G Backhaul 60 GHz SmallCell

ARCHITECTURE

KEY 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

Based on the well-known Shannon theory

Bi is the bandwidth of the ith channel, Pi is the signal power of the ith channel, Np denotes the noise power.

Based on the well-known Shannon theory

Bi is the bandwidth of the ith channel, Pi is the signal power of the ith channel, Np denotes the noise power.

TO INCREASE CSUM (SYSTEMCAPACITY)

NETWORK COVERAGE HETEROGENEOUS

NETWORKS MACRO CELLS,

MICROCELLS SMALL CELLS RELAYS MFEMTOCELL

NUMBER OF SUB CHANNELS MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION

[SM] COOPERATIVE MIMO DAS

NETWORK COVERAGE HETEROGENEOUS

NETWORKS MACRO CELLS,

MICROCELLS SMALL CELLS RELAYS MFEMTOCELL

NUMBER OF SUB CHANNELS MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION

[SM] COOPERATIVE MIMO DAS

BANDWIDTH CR NETWORKS MM-WAVE

COMMUNICATIONS VLC

POWER (ENERGY-EFFICIENT OR GREEN COMMUNICATIONS).

MASSIVE MIMO

Massive MIMO (also known as “Large-ScaleAntenna Systems”, “Very Large MIMO”,“Hyper MIMO”, “Full-Dimension MIMO” and“ARGOS”)

In massive MIMO systems, the transmitterand/or receiver are equipped with a largenumber of antenna elements (typically tens oreven hundreds).

Massive MIMO (also known as “Large-ScaleAntenna Systems”, “Very Large MIMO”,“Hyper MIMO”, “Full-Dimension MIMO” and“ARGOS”)

In massive MIMO systems, the transmitterand/or receiver are equipped with a largenumber of antenna elements (typically tens oreven hundreds).

Massive MIMO can increase the capacity 10 times ormore

The capacity increase results from theaggressive spatial multiplexing used inmassive MIMO

Massive MIMO increases data rate the more antennas, the more independent

data streams can be send simultaneously.

Massive MIMO can increase the capacity 10 times ormore

The capacity increase results from theaggressive spatial multiplexing used inmassive MIMO

Massive MIMO increases data rate the more antennas, the more independent

data streams can be send simultaneously.

Massive MIMO can be built with inexpensive, low-power components

With massive MIMO, expensive, ultra-linear 50 Wattamplifiers used in conventional systems are replacedby hundreds of low-cost amplifiers with output powerin the milli-Watt range

Furthermore, in massive MIMO systems, the effects ofnoise and fast fading vanish, and intracell interferencecan be mitigated using simple linear precoding anddetection methods

Massive MIMO can be built with inexpensive, low-power components

With massive MIMO, expensive, ultra-linear 50 Wattamplifiers used in conventional systems are replacedby hundreds of low-cost amplifiers with output powerin the milli-Watt range

Furthermore, in massive MIMO systems, the effects ofnoise and fast fading vanish, and intracell interferencecan be mitigated using simple linear precoding anddetection methods

Improved energy efficiency Because the base station can focus its emitted

energy into the spatial directions where itknows that the terminals are located

Improved energy efficiency Because the base station can focus its emitted

energy into the spatial directions where itknows that the terminals are located

SPATIAL MODULATION Spatial modulation, as first proposed by haas etal ..,

SM encodes part of the data to be transmitted onto the spatialposition of each transmit antenna in the antenna array

signal constellation spatial constellationto increase the data rate

INFORMATION BITS

Log2(nb) log2(m) bits NB = number of transmit antennas M = size of the complex signal constellation diagram

Spatial modulation, as first proposed by haas etal ..,

SM encodes part of the data to be transmitted onto the spatialposition of each transmit antenna in the antenna array

signal constellation spatial constellationto increase the data rate

INFORMATION BITS

Log2(nb) log2(m) bits NB = number of transmit antennas M = size of the complex signal constellation diagram

SM is a combination of space shift keying (SSK) andamplitude/phase modulation

The receiver can then employ optimal maximum likelihood (ML)detection to decode the received signal

Spatial modulation can mitigate inter-channel interference, inter-antenna synchronization, and multiple RF chains

Multi-user SM can be considered as a new research direction tobe considered in 5G wireless communication systems

SM is a combination of space shift keying (SSK) andamplitude/phase modulation

The receiver can then employ optimal maximum likelihood (ML)detection to decode the received signal

Spatial modulation can mitigate inter-channel interference, inter-antenna synchronization, and multiple RF chains

Multi-user SM can be considered as a new research direction tobe considered in 5G wireless communication systems

CR NETWORKS

The CR network is an software definedradio technique

In CR networks, a secondary system canshare spectrum bands with the licensedprimary system

either on an interference free basis or onan interference-tolerant basis

The CR network is an software definedradio technique

In CR networks, a secondary system canshare spectrum bands with the licensedprimary system

either on an interference free basis or onan interference-tolerant basis

Interference-free CR networks

In interference-free CR networks, CRusers are allowed to borrow spectrumresources only when licensed users donot use them

CR receivers should first monitor andallocate the unused spectrums viaspectrum sensing and feed thisinformation back to the CR transmitter

In interference-free CR networks, CRusers are allowed to borrow spectrumresources only when licensed users donot use them

CR receivers should first monitor andallocate the unused spectrums viaspectrum sensing and feed thisinformation back to the CR transmitter

Interference-tolerant CR networks

In interference tolerant CR networks, CRusers can share the spectrum resourcewith a licensed system while keeping theinterference below a threshold

In interference-tolerant CR networks canachieve enhanced spectrum utilizationthe radio spectrum

Better spectral and energy efficiency.

In interference tolerant CR networks, CRusers can share the spectrum resourcewith a licensed system while keeping theinterference below a threshold

In interference-tolerant CR networks canachieve enhanced spectrum utilizationthe radio spectrum

Better spectral and energy efficiency.

MOBILE FEMTOCELL It combines the mobile relay concept (moving network)

with femtocell technology An MFemtocell is a small cell that can move around

and dynamically change its connection to anoperator’s core network.

public transport buses, trains, and even private cars. MFemtocells can improve the spectral efficiency of the

entire network. MFemtocells can contribute to signaling overhead

reduction of the network. the energy consumption of users inside an MFemtocell

can be reduced

It combines the mobile relay concept (moving network)with femtocell technology

An MFemtocell is a small cell that can move aroundand dynamically change its connection to anoperator’s core network.

public transport buses, trains, and even private cars. MFemtocells can improve the spectral efficiency of the

entire network. MFemtocells can contribute to signaling overhead

reduction of the network. the energy consumption of users inside an MFemtocell

can be reduced

VISIBLE LIGHTCOMMUNICATION

Office

Lounge

BedRoom

Indoor Free space Opticsand/or Radio

HomeGateway

PLC

cellularADSL

FTTH

RLL

B ridge

(Mesh)radio

Office

Lounge

BedRoom

Indoor Free space Opticsand/or Radio

HomeGateway

PLC

cellularADSL

FTTH

RLL

B ridge

(Mesh)radio

GREEN COMMUNICATIONS

The increase of energy consumption inwireless communication systems causes anincrease of CO2 emission indirectly

The indoor communication technologies arepromising deployment strategies to get betterenergy efficiency

VLC and mm-wave technologies can also beconsidered as energy efficient wirelesscommunication

The increase of energy consumption inwireless communication systems causes anincrease of CO2 emission indirectly

The indoor communication technologies arepromising deployment strategies to get betterenergy efficiency

VLC and mm-wave technologies can also beconsidered as energy efficient wirelesscommunication

BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODELS

BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODEL IN CENTRALSOLUTIONS

BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODEL IN CENTRALSOLUTIONS

central solution

S1 serves as a feeder for user data from theadvance gateway to the MBS

X2 enables mutual information exchangeamong small cells

the aggregated backhaul traffic at the MBS isforwarded to the core network by fiber to thecell (FTTC) links

S1 serves as a feeder for user data from theadvance gateway to the MBS

X2 enables mutual information exchangeamong small cells

the aggregated backhaul traffic at the MBS isforwarded to the core network by fiber to thecell (FTTC) links

Uplink throughput of small cell

THcentra small-up= 0.04 .Bsc centra . Ssccentra

Down link throughput of small cell:

THcentra small-down = (1 + 0.1 + 0.04) . Bsc centra . Ssc centra

Bsc centra is the bandwidth of a small cellSsc centra is the average spectrum efficiency of a smallcell

Uplink throughput of small cell

THcentra small-up= 0.04 .Bsc centra . Ssccentra

Down link throughput of small cell:

THcentra small-down = (1 + 0.1 + 0.04) . Bsc centra . Ssc centra

Bsc centra is the bandwidth of a small cellSsc centra is the average spectrum efficiency of a smallcell

Uplink throughput of a macrocellTHcentra macro-up = 0.04 . Bmc centra . Smc centra,

Downlink throughput of a macrocellTHcentra macro-down = (1 + 0.1 + 0.04) . Bmc centra . Smc centra,

Bmc centra is the macrocell bandwidthSmc centra is the average spectrum efficiency of a

macrocellTotal backhaul throughput

THsum centra = THcentra sum-up + THcentra sum-down.

Uplink throughput of a macrocellTHcentra macro-up = 0.04 . Bmc centra . Smc centra,

Downlink throughput of a macrocellTHcentra macro-down = (1 + 0.1 + 0.04) . Bmc centra . Smc centra,

Bmc centra is the macrocell bandwidthSmc centra is the average spectrum efficiency of a

macrocellTotal backhaul throughput

THsum centra = THcentra sum-up + THcentra sum-down.

BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODEL INDISTRIBUTION SOLUTIONS

DISTRIBUTION SOLUTIONS

the number of adjacent small cells in acluster is assumed to be K.

Spectrum efficiencySsc

Comp = (K – 1)Sscdist

Ssc dist is the spectrum efficiency of thesmall cell in the cooperative cluster

the number of adjacent small cells in acluster is assumed to be K.

Spectrum efficiencySsc

Comp = (K – 1)Sscdist

Ssc dist is the spectrum efficiency of thesmall cell in the cooperative cluster

uplink throughput of a cooperativesmall cell

THdistsmall-up = 1.14 . Bsc

dist . Sscdist

downlink throughput of a cooperative small cellTHdist

small-down = 1.14 . Bscdist . (Ssc

dist + Ssccomp).

Bscdist is the bandwidth of the small cell

Total backhaul throughputTHsum dist = K . (THdist

small-up + THdistsmall-down).

uplink throughput of a cooperativesmall cell

THdistsmall-up = 1.14 . Bsc

dist . Sscdist

downlink throughput of a cooperative small cellTHdist

small-down = 1.14 . Bscdist . (Ssc

dist + Ssccomp).

Bscdist is the bandwidth of the small cell

Total backhaul throughputTHsum dist = K . (THdist

small-up + THdistsmall-down).

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF 5G WIRELESSBACKHAUL NETWORKS

The energy consumption of cellular networks shouldinclude the operating energy and the embodied energy

EOP = POP . Tlifetime

POP is the BS operating powerTlifetime is the BS lifetime.

BS transmission power PTX

POP = a . PTX + b, a > 0 and b > 0.

The energy consumption of cellular networks shouldinclude the operating energy and the embodied energy

EOP = POP . Tlifetime

POP is the BS operating powerTlifetime is the BS lifetime.

BS transmission power PTX

POP = a . PTX + b, a > 0 and b > 0.

Simple model derivation

The MBS transmission power is normalized as

P0 = 40 W radius r0 = 1 km. The MBS transmission power with coverage radius r is

denoted by

PTX = P0 . (r/r0)α

α is the path loss coefficient. BS operating power with coverage radius r is expressed as

POP = a . P0 . (r/r0)α + b.BS embodied energy = the initial energy + maintenance Energy,

EEM = EEMinit + EEMmaint.

The MBS transmission power is normalized as

P0 = 40 W radius r0 = 1 km. The MBS transmission power with coverage radius r is

denoted by

PTX = P0 . (r/r0)α

α is the path loss coefficient. BS operating power with coverage radius r is expressed as

POP = a . P0 . (r/r0)α + b.BS embodied energy = the initial energy + maintenance Energy,

EEM = EEMinit + EEMmaint.

In Central Solution The System EnergyConsumption Is

the energy efficiency of the central solution isdefined as

ηcentra = THsum centra /Ecentra system.

the energy efficiency of the central solution isdefined as

ηcentra = THsum centra /Ecentra system.

In the distribution solution, the systemenergy consumption

the energy efficiency of the distribution solution isdefined as

ηdist = THsum centra /Ecentra system.

the energy efficiency of the distribution solution isdefined as

ηdist = THsum centra /Ecentra system.

Default parameters

Throughput of wireless backhaulnetworks

Energy efficiency of wirelessbackhaul networks

Energy efficiency of wireless backhaul networkswith respect to the path loss coefficient

CONCLUSIONS

5G networks are expected to satisfyrapid wireless traffic growth.

Massive MIMO, millimeter wavecommunications, and small celltechnologies are presented to achievegigabit transmission rates in 5Gnetworks.

5G networks are expected to satisfyrapid wireless traffic growth.

Massive MIMO, millimeter wavecommunications, and small celltechnologies are presented to achievegigabit transmission rates in 5Gnetworks.

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