5 compaction

04/12/23 Soil Compaction 1

CompactionCompaction

الدمكالدمك

04/12/23Soil Compaction

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Compaction EffectCompaction Effect

Solid

Air

Water

Solid

AirWater

Loose soil

سائبة تربة

Compacted soil

مدموكة تربة


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Compaction AdvantagesCompaction Advantagesالدمك الدمك مزايا مزايا

As compaction increases, the As compaction increases, the following occurs:following occurs: Increase bearing capacity Increase bearing capacity

التربة تحمل قدرة التربة زيادة تحمل قدرة زيادة Decrease potential for settlementDecrease potential for settlement

الهبوط إمكانية الهبوط تقليل إمكانية تقليل Reduction in hydraulic conductivityReduction in hydraulic conductivity

التربة نفاذية التربة تقليل نفاذية تقليل


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What is compactionWhat is compaction??A simple ground improvement technique, where the soil is densified using external

compactive effort. Densification is done through reducing voids.

باستخدام: كثافتها زيادة يتم حيث التربة خواص لتحسين بسيطة طريقة هو الدمك. . الفراغات حجم تقليل طريق عن يتم الكثافة وزيادة خارجى دمك جهد

+ water =

Compactive effort


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What is compactionWhat is compaction??

The object of compaction is to improve the properties of the soil that is used as sub grade material for roads, fills of dams, embankments or under shallow foundations.

التربة خواص تحسين إلى الدمك يهدففى أساس كطبقة فى المستخدمة

فى المستخدمة والمواد الطرقإحالل وكتربة والجسور السدود

. السطحية األساسات أسفل


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Purpose of Compaction?Purpose of Compaction?

The compaction of soils and fills will result in improving the shear strength and reduce permeability and settlements.

القص مقاومة لتحسين الدمك يهدفوالهبوط النفاذية وتقليل

Field compaction of soil is assessed in terms of the dry density of the soil, which is the weight of soil solids per unit bulk volume.

باستخدام الحقلى الدمك تقييم يتم. الجاف الحجوم وحدة وزن قيمة


7c

b

c

dd

cd

dd

dwc

d

wc

w1V)w1(

W

V

W

w1

WW

W

W

W

WWw1

W

Ww

Relationship between Relationship between drydry and and bulkbulk

soilsoil

air

water

wd

wwV

1

wc


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Laboratory Compaction TestLaboratory Compaction Test

- To obtain the compaction curve and define To obtain the compaction curve and define the optimum water content and maximum dry the optimum water content and maximum dry density for a specific compactive effort.density for a specific compactive effort.

محتوى - لتحديد االختبار إجراء محتوى يتم لتحديد االختبار إجراء يتمجافة كثافة وأقصى األمثل جافة المياه كثافة وأقصى األمثل المياه

. محدد دمك جهد تأثير تحت .وذلك محدد دمك جهد تأثير تحت وذلك


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Standard Proctor Compaction TestStandard Proctor Compaction Test

The standard was originally developed to The standard was originally developed to simulate field compaction in the lab, for small simulate field compaction in the lab, for small and medium loads.and medium loads.

Standard Proctor Standard Proctor القياسى بروكتور القياسى اختبار بروكتور اختبار Mold: 945 (1000 cmMold: 945 (1000 cm33) or 1/30 ft) or 1/30 ft3 3 القالب القالب حجم حجم Hammer: 2.50 Kg or 5.50 lb hammerHammer: 2.50 Kg or 5.50 lb hammer

المطرقة المطرقة وزن كجم كجم 2.502.50وزن Drop Height = 30 cm or 12” Drop Height = 30 cm or 12” السقوط السقوط ارتفاع 3030ارتفاع

سمسم No. of Soil Layers = 3 No. of Soil Layers = 3 الطبقات الطبقات عدد طبقات طبقات 33عدد No. of Blows = 25 layer No. of Blows = 25 layer 25 25 طبقة لكل طبقة ضربة لكل ضربة


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Modified Proctor TestModified Proctor Test

The modified was developed to simulate larger compaction effort for more serious loads and bigger equipment

Modified Proctor المعدل بروكتور اختبار Mold: 945 (1000 cmMold: 945 (1000 cm33) or 1/30 ft) or 1/30 ft33

Hammer: 4.50 Kg or 10 lb hammerHammer: 4.50 Kg or 10 lb hammer = المطرقة المطرقة = وزن كجم كجم 4.504.50وزن

Drop Height = 45 cm or 18” Drop Height = 45 cm or 18” السقوط السقوط ارتفاع 4545ارتفاعسمسم

No. of Soil Layers = 5 No. of Soil Layers = 5 الطبقات الطبقات عدد طبقات طبقات 55عدد No. of Blows = 25 layer No. of Blows = 25 layer الضربات الضربات عدد ضربة ضربة 2525عدد


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Specification for Field Compaction

Relative to what? Proctor Test – standard or modified

% Relative Compaction الدمك نسبة

If R > 95%, the compaction is accepted in most cases. من ناجحة% 95أكبر

R > 98% could be required in some cases. R > 100% could be reached.

عن الدمك نسبة تزيد أن بعض% 100ممكن فىالحاالت.

100%R

labmaxd

fieldd

R ~ (95 – 100%)


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Rock BreakerO.M.CO.M.C O.M.CO.M.C Water Content, Water Content, wwcc

Dry

Den

sity

, D

ry D

ensi

ty,

dd

d d maxmax Modified Proctor TestModified Proctor Test

Zero Air Voids LineZero Air Voids Line

d d maxmax Standard Proctor TestStandard Proctor Test


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Required EquipmentRequired Equipmentand toolsand tools

Add pre-measured amountsAdd pre-measured amountsof water to soil sampleof water to soil sample


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Mix Sample thoroughlyMix Sample thoroughly Put mixed soil in mold in Put mixed soil in mold in 3 layers (Standard Proctor)3 layers (Standard Proctor)


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Compact each layer usingCompact each layer usingRammer, 25 blows per layerRammer, 25 blows per layer

Remove collar and trim Remove collar and trim the topthe top


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Weigh mold and sampleWeigh mold and sample


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Extrude the sampleExtrude the sample Take Samples for wTake Samples for wcc

determinationdetermination


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Field CompactionField Compaction

for compacting very small for compacting very small areasareas

Hand Held Vibrating PlatesHand Held Vibrating Plates

effective for granular effective for granular soilssoils


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Vibratory RollerVibratory Roller

For very thin lifts and small areasFor very thin lifts and small areas


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Smooth-wheel rollerSmooth-wheel roller

Compacts effectively only to 200-300 mm; Compacts effectively only to 200-300 mm; therefore, place the soil in shallow layers therefore, place the soil in shallow layers

(lifts)(lifts)


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Pneumatic Rubber Tired RollerPneumatic Rubber Tired Roller


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Provides kneading action; “walks out” after compactionProvides kneading action; “walks out” after compaction

Sheep foot Roller

Very effective on claysVery effective on clays


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Provides deeper (2-3m) compaction. e.g., air fieldProvides deeper (2-3m) compaction. e.g., air field

Impact RollerImpact Roller


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1- Sand Cone Test.1- Sand Cone Test.11. الرملى- المخروط .اختبار الرملى- المخروط اختبار

2- Rubble Balloon Test.2- Rubble Balloon Test.22. المطاطى- البالون .اختبار المطاطى- البالون اختبار

3- Nuclear Test.3- Nuclear Test.33. النووية- بالطرق .اختبار النووية- بالطرق اختبار

FIELD COMPACTION TESTSFIELD COMPACTION TESTS


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Performed in the Field.Performed in the Field.. الموقع فى يجرى للدمك .اختبار الموقع فى يجرى للدمك اختبار

Using sand cone and uniform (standard) sand.Using sand cone and uniform (standard) sand. المخروط جهاز باستخدام المخروط يتم جهاز باستخدام يتم

. القياسى .والرمل القياسى والرمل Uniform sand: Passing through sieve No. 20 and Uniform sand: Passing through sieve No. 20 and

retained on No. 40retained on No. 40 من المار هو الحبيبات منتظم من رمل المار هو الحبيبات منتظم رمل

رقم رقم منخل منخل 2020منخل على منخل والمحجوز على والمحجوز..4040رقم رقم

Sand Cone TestSand Cone Testالرملى المخروط الرملى اختبار المخروط اختبار


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Field Measurement of CompactionField Measurement of Compaction

Sand ConeSand Coneالرملى الرملى المخروط المخروط

VV

WW

d,field d,field = W / V= W / V


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Measurement of Field CompactionMeasurement of Field Compaction Most common methods areMost common methods are

Nuclear MethodNuclear Method Sand Cone methodSand Cone method Rubber Balloon methodRubber Balloon method


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Rock Breaker



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Rock Breaker


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Rock Breaker


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Rock Breaker


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Rock Breaker


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Rock Breaker


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Rock Breaker


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Rock Breaker


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Rock Breaker


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Rock Breaker


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Rock Breaker


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