5: COMPARATIVE POLITICAL CULTURES

BELL RINGER

Complete “Involvement and Action”

Please put your essay in the bin

TODAY WE WILL …

Analyze AP6 political culture focusing onState formationEconomySocial

Cleavages

Country readings Notes Illustrate a country’s

political culture Homework:

Candidates & Referendum “voter guide”

Objectives Agenda

THINK/PAIR/SHARE WARM UP

1. Pick one of the articles from the front table about the political culture of the AP6 countries

2. Read it together3. Make some notes about what you think is

important: events, people, vocab, etc.4. Be ready to share this info when we take

notes

POLITICAL CULTURE: POLITICAL SYSTEM, POLICY MAKING PROCESS, POLICY EXPECTATIONS

Consensual Political Culture: Generally agree on

How decisions are made What issues should be addressed How problems should be solved The people accept the legitimacy of the regime and

the solutions to major problems.

Conflictual Political Culture: Deeply divided over political beliefs

Capitalism vs Communism Religious do not accept a leader of another religion

HOW DO THESE POLITICAL CULTURES RELATE TO …?

State Formation

Economic Systems

Cleavages

STATE FORMATION

STATE FORMATION – 3 TYPES

United Kingdom

Nigeria Mexico United

States

Colonizer Colony Sovereignty

Iran Russia China

Effects of Imperialism

The Difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain and England Explained - YouTube

UK POLITICAL CULTURE Gradualism:

Democracy has developed gradually over time Colonialism:

Multi-ethnic society, influence of colonized Policies that are more inclusive and immigrant representation in

government Ethnic tensions:

Colonialism has led to a rise in nationalism, xeno-phobic reactions

White vs mixed race vs immigrant – all are “English” Minority = white English

Welfare State: State w/ a set of public policies designed to provide for citizen’s needs through direct or indirect provision of pensions, health care, unemployment insurance and assistance to the poor - “Social Safety Net” Collectivism - Cross-party British support for the welfare state

that lasted until the late 1970s Beveridge Report – after WWII, accepted by both parties

NIGERIA VS. IRAN

Conflictual State formation:

4 Republics (1999) Coup d’etat &

Military Rule Diversity -

religions, ethnicities, languages (linguistic)

Consensual State formation:

Iranian Revolution 1979

Cultural Values - community’s welfare above individual rights

Nigeria Iran

DEMOCRACIES

United Kingdom Competitive Elections Civil Liberties Rule of Law Independent Judiciary Open Civil Society Civilian control of the

military

Nigeria/ Russia Competitive

Elections … but missing some

of the other stuff “Electoral

authoritarianism”

Liberal/ SUBSTANTIVE Illiberal/ PROCEDURAL

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

What does the state formation say about the political culture of ….?

UK Iran Nigeria

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

MORE CENTRALIZATION LESS CENTRALIZATION

Command Economy

Mixed Economy Market Economy

• Private Property?• Role of

Government?• Competition &

Profit?

• Private Property?

• Role of Government?

• Competition & Profit?

UK ECONOMIC SYSTEM

Post War World II: Collectivism Welfare State - “Social Safety Net”

Safari Montage :“Thatcher Takes the Helm”: Mixed Economy

http://10.193.3.241/SAFARI/montage/smp_player_frame.php?keyindex=94837&chapterskeyindex=306313&location=005849&page=product&play=1

What are the problems now?

CHINESE ECONOMIC CULTURE

Socialist Market Economy: current system Mixed economy w/ gradual infusion of capitalism,

while still maintaining state control Command Economy: Government directs the

economy State Socialism:

Central planning focus on Marxism, Leninism

“CHINA GOES TO MARKET” Free Markets,

NOT Free People

Towards free market

Little political reform- oppression

STATUS OF PRIVATE PROPERTY

Constitution of the PRC prohibited private property Confiscated private

property Property was collectivized,

“owned by the people” Property redistributed to the

poor Communes

State is the primary owner of property & means of production, people had right of use but no ownership

De-collectivization of land

Disbanding of communes Private production

allowed Privately owned

businesses Constitutional reforms for

rights of ownership Enforcing the rule of law

for private ownership

Under Mao Now

SHOULD THERE BE PRIVATIZATION?

Efficiency Attract domestic and

foreign investment Addresses market/

consumer needs Incentives for work/

innovation State industries not

performing well

Loss of state control Creation of oligarchs Higher unemployment Ideological

inconsistency- loss of legitimacy of the CCP

Creates economic inequality (regional or personal)

Loss of safety net

For Against

“HARMONIOUS SOCIALIST SOCIETY”

Hu Jintao New society w/prosperity & free of social

conflict Sustainable development

Balance economic growth and environmental concerns

Less corruption Better living standards

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

What do the economic policies say about the political culture of ….?

UK China

CLEAVAGESSocial Class, Ethnic, Religious , Regional

CHINA: CLEAVAGES Divisions between race,

religion, ethnic groups, social/economic groups

Ethnic (Xinjiang, Tibet, Uighurs)

Generational Classes: rich vs. poor Gender Urban vs. Rural Interior vs. Coastal West vs. East

ETHNIC: GUANXI, INNER MONGOLIA, NINGXIA, TIBET, XINJIANG

Self-government in cultural affairs and some local economic decisions

Subsidies to ethnic/ border regions

Relaxation of one-child policy Acceptance of minority language Increased efforts to recruit more

ethnic minorities into the regional & national leadership

HAUSA-FULANI (29%)North

Muslim

YORUBA (21%)Southwest (west)

Both

IGBO (18%)SoutheastChristian

NIGERIA: CLEAVAGES

Ethnicity Region Religion

Hausa-Fulani North Muslim

Yoruba Central (SW) Both

Igbo South (East Christian

POLITICAL CULTURE & SUBCULTURE Ethnic Identity

Hausa-Fulani Mostly northern half of Nigeria Predominately Muslim Legacy of emirates Indirect colonial rule Subsistence farming, rural, generally undeveloped villages

Yoruba Southwestern Nigeria Lagos—former capital Oba and lineage chiefs and the British Fragmenting effect of multiple ethnic identities

Igbo (lbo) Southeastern part of Nigeria—OIL RICH REGION (tried to

secede) Predominantly Christian. Responsive to western culture—Western educated Developed for market agriculture

The importance of ethnicity, religion, and region in the political life of Nigerians cannot be underestimated.

Most contentious political issues influence and/or are influenced by these three identities.

Biafran Civil War 1967-1970 Explicit ethnic overtones Eastern Igbo attempted to secede from the country

MEXICO HISTORY

Spanish colonial rule Mexican Revolution

Source of National Pride able to bring together many cultures.

First Revolution on Film 1917 Constitution Longest continuous one-party rule (PRI) 70+

years State control over national resources

Constitution says foreign governments can not own land

Banks are nationalized PEMEX: nationalized oil corporation

MEXICO: CLEAVAGES Social/Political Amerindians (indigenous) vs.

Mestizos (mixed) vs. Whites (Spanish - “Espanoles”)

Ethnic movements since 1990s to protest socio-economic inequality & discrimination. Zapatistas Indigenous peoples in Chiapas

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

What do the cleavages say about the political culture of ….?

China Nigeria Mexico

CLOSURE

With your partner, pick two countries that you have learned about.1. For ONE of countries create an acrostic poem

OR political cartoon that illustrates their political culture.

2. For both of the countries create a Venn Diagram that compares/contrasts their political culture.