5-3 notes: assyria & babylonia
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5-3 Notes: Assyria & Babylonia. What is an empire?. An empire is a group of lands and different peoples that are ruled by a single government Usually, these groups of people have strong cultural differences between them - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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5-3 Notes: Assyria & Babylonia
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What is an empire?• An empire is a group of
lands and different peoples that are ruled by a single government
• Usually, these groups of people have strong cultural differences between them
• Assyria – Capital city was Ashur (named after their chief god) first, then Nineveh – located in northern Mesopotamia
• Babylonia – Capital city was Babylon (chief god was Marduk), located in southern Mesopotamia
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Hammurabi (c. 1810 B.C.E. – 1750 B.C.E.)• King of Babylon who began
to unite city-states of Sumer• Dammed the Euphrates River
so he could cause floods or droughts downstream to punish dissenters
• Created one of the world’s oldest codes of law (“Hammurabi’s Code”) by collecting old Sumerian laws to form a new code
• Copies of Hammurabi’s code have been found far away from the city of Babylon, suggesting that he distributed and intended his code to be followed by the whole empire
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Assyrian Warfare• When Hammurabi died,
Ashur & Nineveh broke away from Babylonia
• Between 1400 B.C.E. and 600 B.C.E., Assyria fought many wars against Babylonia and other city-states
• Siege Towers/Battering Rams – Wheeled vehicle that featured a tower to fire arrows out of and a large tree trunk to “ram” down city walls, gates
• Used horses to outmaneuver armies in battle
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Life in Assyrian Cities• Assyrians used
prisoners of war as farm and construction laborers
• Assyrian men became famous by being strong hunters, soldiers, and government leaders
• Assyrian women were expected to work at home and had no rights
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Assyria & Babylon• Assyrian armies rarely
damaged the city of Babylon out of respect for their culture
• Assyrian libraries collected Sumerian, Babylonian texts to preserve their history
• Nineveh, Assyria’s 2nd capital, featured an aqueduct (a raised waterway), which used gravity to carry mountain spring water to the city
• 689 B.C.E. – ruler of Assyria orders Babylon destroyed
• 612 B.C.E. – Babylon, along with a natural flood, destroyed the city of Nineveh and the Assyrian empire ended in about 5 years time