4d checker: analyzing renovation schedules for requirements compliance

Copyright 2007

4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance

1CIFE TAC 2007

4D Checker: Analyzing

Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance

Martin Fischer

Peggy Ho

4D

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2CIFE TAC 2007

The Big Idea: 4D Requirements Checking

3D Design:

4D Phasing Schedules: 4D

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3CIFE TAC 2007

Definitions

• Phasing Schedule:– Developed during design– Show high-level construction activities

(e.g., “Build-out Level 9)

– Show how occupants move(e.g., “Move Tenant A to Level 9”)

• Swing space– Temporary space for occupants– Both inside and outside of building

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4CIFE TAC 2007

Observed Problem: Three challenges in the renovation planning process

Develop Schedule

Check ScheduleChange

(Req, Scope, Design)

Challenge 1

Challenge 2

Challenge 3

Challenge 1. Difficult to keep track of:– Multiple Stakeholders– Multiple Requirements

Challenge 2. Difficult to evaluate a schedule– What are the metrics?

Challenge 3. Difficult to evaluate impact of changes– What parts of the schedule can be re-used?

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5CIFE TAC 2007

Project A. Oops, NOT everyone fits in the building!B

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Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy ([email protected]) directly

for more information.

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6CIFE TAC 2007

How to compare renovation schedules?Big

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Schedule using a flow chart

Schedule using Microsoft Excel

Schedule using Microsoft Word

Note: Schedules were removed to maintain anonymity of project

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7CIFE TAC 2007

Project B. What parts of this schedule can the project manager reuse?

?

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How does a change in façade design affect the schedule?

Façade design 1

Façade design 2

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8CIFE TAC 2007

MetricsUser-Entered Information

Reasoning methodsto “check” schedule

Requirements(Occupant & Construction)

Building Configuration

Phasing Schedule

Big Idea: Our “4D Checker” will help to solve these problems

SatisfactionOf

Requirements

Cost

Duration

Efficiency

4D

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9CIFE TAC 2007

Intuition: Building configuration, requirements, and schedule are fundamental to renovation planning

Court and Non-court occupants need building space

Project AUser-Entered Information

Requirements(Occupant & Construction)

Building Configuration

Phasing Schedule

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10CIFE TAC 2007

Intuition: Planners check by looking at the building configuration over time

Project A

Project B

Project C

Reasoning methodsto “check” schedule

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11CIFE TAC 2007

Intuition: Planners need to evaluate the schedule from many perspectives

FY'07 Swing Cost

FY'11 Swing Cost

FY'08 Cost for All Moves





Date Into Swing

Date Into Final

Mar-08 May-12

Mar-08 Jul-09

Mar-08 Jul-09

Mar-08 Jun-09

Mar-08 Jun-09

Project C

Project AMetrics

SatisfactionOf

Requirements

Cost

Duration

Efficiency

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12CIFE TAC 2007

Limitations of current practice

Where are the occupants moving to?

Track number of courtrooms?

Requirements

Schedule

Schedule impact if a requirement changes?

Occupant Move

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Building on Previous CIFE Research

1. 4D Process Representation: Represent construction activities in 4D (Aalami 1998, Darwiche 1989)

2. 4D Analysis: Analyze construction activities for space conflicts (Akinci 2002)

3. Requirements Models: Manage requirements in design (Kivineimi 2005)

4. Track occupants over time

5. Track spaces over time

6. Dynamically understand schedule impacts of changing requirements

7. Check project-specific requirements

8. Understand what, how, and when requirements are not satisfied

9. Comprehensively evaluate the schedule

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User Entered Requirements

The 4D Checking Process

Field ExampleOccupant E

Required Value Secure

Unique ID OR-7Initial Value

Calculation Value Satisfied

Analysis AlgorithmCheck to see if Occupant E

space is "Secure"

Co

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Unit of Measurement

Yes, Satisfied / No, Not Satisfied

Use

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Requirement Type Space Attribute

Requirement Status Hard

Effective Period Total Duration

SecureNotSecure

EC

SecureNotSecure

EC

Schedule

Building*Note: If requirement is in effect, then it is highlighted in orange

3/28/2007 4/4/2007 4/17/2007Space ID

Occupant E Construction E

Office Office Office

Secure Secure SecureSpace ID

Occupant Construction E VacantSpace

Attribute(s)Office Office Office

Dates

SP-2-4

SP-2-3

Space Attribute(s)

Database of building attributes over time

Requirements

3/28/2007 4/4/2007 4/17/2007Requirement OR-7 Satisfied Not Satisfied Satisfied

*Note: If requirement is in effect, then it is highlighted in orange

Office

Secure

Dates

Database of Effective Requirements over time

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15CIFE TAC 2007

Impact: Planners can see how and when requirements are not satisfied

RenovationRequirementsInterface

>> Occupant Requirement>> Construction Requirement>> Space>> Activities/Schedule>> Global Values

Results

Conflicts:OR-7, 3/30-4/15 – Space does not have function “Secure” for Occupant E

Occupant Requirement ID OR-7

Occupant ERequirement Type Space AttributeRequirement Rank HardValue SecureEffective Period Total Duration

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16CIFE TAC 2007

Impact: Planners can comprehensively evaluate and compare the schedule, automaticallyCost/sf move to temp off-site swing space $15 Previous Phasing Schedule Evaluations

Cost/sf move in building $10 Schedule v1

Schedule v3

Satisfaction of Requirements 0% 100%

Total SF-Days (not including Building Common) 532,800 sf-days Occupant RequirementsTotal Vacant SF-Days 37,800 sf-days % Hard Requirements Met 83%Swing space utilization: sf-vacant days/totalsf-days 93% % Soft Requirements Met N/AMax renovation crew required 1 crew % Tentative Requirements Met 100%Total Duration 74 daysConstruction Cost $324,000 Construction RequirementsMove Cost $87,750 % Hard Requirements Met 100%% Occupants with Primary Move 50% % Soft Requirements Met 50%% Occupants with Secondary Move 50% % Tentative Requirements Met N/A

Global MetricsGlobal Metrics

3/1/2007

Planners can quickly and comprehensively: Track requirements, occupants, and spaces Evaluate schedules with specific metrics Evaluate impacts of changes

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Research Methodology & TasksTask 1. Conduct retrospective case studies (Prior to seed funding year)• Understand the current limitations of using 4D for

renovation planning• Gather specific metrics and requirements used by

plannersDeliverable: 3-5 case studies on renovation planning

Task 2. Develop representation and reasoning methods(Sept 2007 – Mar 2008)• Find best representation for requirements and metrics• Find reasoning methods that are able to be implementedDeliverable: A collection of representation and reasoning

methods

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= Opportunity for CIFE Member Involvement

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18CIFE TAC 2007

The 4D Checking Process involves several reasoning methods

Task 3. Develop prototype system (Primary Use of Funding)(Sept 2007 – June 2008)• Use Commonpoint 4D as development platform• Enlist CS student to help with actual programmingDeliverable: A prototype system developed in Commonpoint 4D

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Reasoning methods required to:• Create building attribute database over time• Create requirements database over time• Analyze each requirement• Analyze each evaluation metric• Implement user interface

The programmer will:• Consult on implementation strategies of reasoning methods better

methods• Enable researchers to focus on content, not programming more

powerful data• Implement code

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19CIFE TAC 2007

Research Methodology & TasksTask 4. Validate method and prototype system(Jan 2008 – Sept 2008)• Test system on actual renovation projects• Compare system with traditional renovation planning

methodsDeliverable: Case studies and comparison data to show

the power/generality of 4D-based analysis

Task 5. Integrate prototype with other CIFE research(Sept 2008)• Explore the potential of integrating VDC-based analysis

and management tools• Limitations highlight future research areasDeliverable: A report describing the benefits and current

limitations of integrating analysis and management tools

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20CIFE TAC 2007

Leverage existing resources to achieve breakthrough schedule performance

Previous CIFE Work4D Process Representation (Aalami 1998, Darwiche 1989)

Requirements Modeling (Kiviniemi 2005)4D Analysis (Akinci 2002)

Vision: Value-based, Breakthrough Schedule Performance

2010 Measurable Goals Integrate construction and occupant processes Automate requirement checking

$$$ (GSA, NSF, SGF Funding)

4D

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21CIFE TAC 2007

Vision: Value-based, Breakthrough Schedule Performance

2010 Measurable Goals Integrate construction and occupant processes Automate requirement checking

Leverage existing resources to achieve breakthrough schedule performance

Previous CIFE Work4D Process Representation (Aalami 1998, Darwiche 1989)

Requirements Modeling (Kiviniemi 2005)4D Analysis (Akinci 2002)

$$$ (GSA, NSF, SGF Funding)

4D

$ (CIFE SEED FUNDING) • More powerful data• More CIFE member

involvement• Better Reas. Methods

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22CIFE TAC 2007

4D Checker addresses challenges to enable planners to better manage renovation projects

Challenges in Renovation Planning

Challenge 1. Difficult to keep track of requirements

Challenge 2. Difficult to evaluate a

schedule

Challenge 3. Difficult to evaluate impact of

changes

Anticipated Practical Contributions

More comprehensive way to track requirements

More comprehensive metrics to evaluate a

schedule

More comprehensive metrics to evaluate the

impact of changes

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4d checker: analyzing renovation schedules for requirements compliance

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