4b - blowoff tank design
TRANSCRIPT
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BLOWOFF TANK DESIGN
WLB 10-26-82
Ref. POWER ENGINEERING, Aug. 1955, "How to Size Your Blow-off Tank Correctly", Frank M. Kamarck
REQUIRED INFORMATION
Maximum flows from boiler blowdowns, rapid drain systems, etc.
CALCULATE AMOUNT OF FLASH (ASSUME 2 psrG IN TANK)
x -hl-hf2 hg2-hf2
Total Flash - x(max. flow D/hr)
x - Amount of flash
hI - Enthalpy of sat . liquid at drum pressure
hf2 - Enthalpy of sat. liquid at 2 psig
hg2 - Enthalpy of sat. vapor at 2 psig
Water to Sewer - (max. flow) - x (max . flow)
CALCULATE SIZE OF OVERFLOW
Size overflow based on flow velocity becween 1 and 3 ft / sec.
CALCULATE SIZE OF VENT
This is perhaps the most critical calculation. The flashed steam must leave the tank through the · vent without building up back pressure sufficient to blowout the water seal.
Criteria: Use 1 psi Velocity Head 1 psi Pressure Drop 2 psi Total
Limiting Velocity 480 ft/sec
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BLOWOFF TANK DESIGN Page 2
V, Velocity - O.0509w V D2
_ rO.0509wV] 1/2 D L 480
Where w - Ibs/hr of Steam
v ,. Specific Volume, ft3/1b
D - I.D. of Pipe, inches
Check pressure drop in vent .Line (should not exceed 2 psig).
Reynolds Number, Re _ 6.32w D,u.
VI # Flow, Ibs/hr
D - Pipe 1.0. (in.)
fA - Viscosity
Use Moody chart and determine friction factor, f.
Pressure Drop ,.
TANK DIAMETER
,001294fL e' V2 D
A, Tank Flow Area _ . 04w V 144V
L = Equivalent length of vent pipe and fittings
e Density @ 1 psig
V - Velocity (ft/sec)
D = Pipe LD, (in , )
Use a value of 20 ft/sec as a maximum velocity.
Use a reducer to minimize entrance effects (see Ref. Sketch 01) .
A + -Areducer "" Total .Tank Area Rel.-v:.rcd
Tank Diameter 2 [~J 1/2
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BLOWOFF TANK DESIGN Page 3
VENT HEIGHT ABOVE WATER
Assume 25 ft / sec velocity will prevent carryover:
. 04w V A, Area - ,",-;-7""7::'''''' (144) (25)
( V - Specific Volume @ 2 psig)
Area of cylinder for steam entrance z 1Ydh 12
.04wV 'If dh (144) (25) - 12"
h , Height Above Water - ~ x ~~.~· 0~4~w~V~ 'IT d (144) (25)
SEAL HEAD AT OVERFLOW
21bs X 144 in 2
1n2 ft L H, Seal Head - ! . ~~~~~~~~~~
~ Liquid Density in Tank
Drum Pressure
Boiler Economizer
x -h1- hf2 hg2-hf2
725 psig
827 , 200 1bs/hr 77,300 1bs/hr
SAMPLE PROBLEM
MAXIMUM FLOW
AMOUNT OF FLASH - BOILER
498.9 - 186 . 69 1152.9 _ 186 . 69 - .323
Total Boiler Flash - . 323 (827,200 Ibs/hr) = 267 , 200 Ibs / hr
Water to Sewer 3 827,200 - 267.200 - 560,000 Ibs/hr
x • h, - hE? hg2- hf2
AMOUNT uF FLASH - ECONOMIZER
361.12 - 186.69 1152.9 - 186 . 69
•. 181
hI = Enthalpy of sat. liquid @ 387 0 F -361.12
r-, BLOWOFF TANK DESIGN Page 4
Total Economizer Flash = .181 (77,300 Ibs/hr) - 14,000 Ibs/hr
Water to Sewer - 77 , 300 - 14,000 = 63 ,300 Ibs / hr
TOTAL FLASH STEAM
Total Flash 267,2.00 + 14 , 000
281,200 1bs /hr
Total' 560,000 + 63,300
• 623,300 1bs/hr
TOTAL WATER TO SEWER
gpm Ibs ft) 1 hr 7 48 gal
= 623,300 hr x .01676 Ib x 60 min x . ft3
- 1,300 gpm
OVERFLOW.
Use: 14 " overflow; V"" 2.71 ft/sec
H1 - .171 ft/100 ft
VENT
With an assumed value of 2 psig i n the tank, for a limiting ve l ocity of 480 ft ls ec, the kinetic energy loss is 1 psig and the friction loss is 1 psig .
V . 0509" " 02
- 28 . 8 in.
" = 281,200 1bs/hr
V - 26.80 ft 3/1b
= [. 0509 >« 281 , 200)" (26 . 80)l 1/2 [ 480 J
Try 3D" Vent, . 375 Wall -
V • . 0509X(281,200)X(26 . 80) - 448 ft/sec (29 . 25)2
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BLOWOFF .TANK DESIGN Page 5
Re _ 6.32w _ 6.32X(281 , 200) DJ" (29.25)(. 013)
- 4 . 67 x 106
and f - . 014
Equivalent length of vent pipe and fittings - 270 ft
(' - .0396 1bs/ft3 @ 1 psig
I-' - .013
.001294f~V2 .001294X(.014)X(270)X( . 0396)X(448)2 A P - . D - 29.25
- 1. 33 psi Too Large
Try 36" Vent , . 375 J.~all -
v - .0509)( 281,200) )( 26.80) - 309 ft/sec (35 . 25)2
Re - 6 . 32 X(281 . 200) = 3 . 88 x 106 ; f "" ".014 from Moody chart (35. 25) (.013)
P -
, .001294~.014) X (270) ~(.0396) X (309)2
35.25
- .525 psi O.K.
Check velocity head - (assume 20 ft/sec entrance).
H V2 (309 - 20)2 1297 f v - 2g - 64.4 - t
1297 ft (.0396 1bs /f t 3) (ft 2/144 in2) = . 357 psi O.K.
.04W V Tank Flow Area = (144) V
A -.04 X(281,200) X(23 . 80)
144~(20)
- 92.9 ft 2
TANK DIAMETER
v - 23.80 ft 3/ 1b @ 16.7 psi
v - 281,200 1bs / hr
v = 20 ft / sec (max)
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BLOWOFF TANK DESIGN Page 6
Use 42" x 36" reducer to minimize entrance effects.
A __ [21]2 _ 9.6 ft 2 reducer 1\ 12
Total Tank Area - 92.9 + 9.6 - 102.5 ft 2
D - [~r'2 Use 12'-011 I.D.
VENT HEIGHT ABOVE WATER
A' .04X(281 , 200)X(23.8) • 74 ft2 • 7f dh (144) ~ (25) 12
12 2 71 d!.74 ft ·6.7 ft
"--- d , ,, (4 r."d.~ ',,, ',. t.~' S h -
Use h - 6'-6" .J
H, Seal Head - f ~ SEAL HEAD AT OVERFLOW
2 Ibs 144 in 2 tnZ X ft 2
59.66 Ib / ft 3 - 4.8 ft
H - 4'-10" + 6" Safety"" 5'-4"
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BLOW-OFF TANK SKETCH #1
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EXAMPLE " Elllm"o the upaclty Ind out let PIOIIU" lOT' 1·lntl! Khecul~ eo tontlnuou. blow·down li n. 101 a 200 p. 1 boill'r. on the . .. ump:!on th.t Its tOll l equivalent length iind\ldin~ the ".islante 01 va)vu • .,d 1I:lin':l") I. ISO It! .....
S::lLUTICI:; EnlU Ihe bottom lell. wilh 0.144 II: L/ d::; O. IU II: HO/ O.9S?::; 2:! .6 Ind ':10 up 10 lin. lor 200 F'; bol!u plI.·lIura. Read unit UFlc! t)' .. :.'.A, on l,.,lL ·hand sell. II IS.300 Jb pet hI per sq In 01 p ip. e,ouuetionaillow a'tI. Relarl ln':l 10 ··De.i<Jn PIOF"'i,, 01 Pipo" booklet . .A, is found 10 be 0.719, Ind the 10:.1 upadl)' w henc. Is 0.719 It I S,~OO = 13.200 Ib pel I:r. Rud preslU!e I I end of lin. on Il':lh l·hand .elle II lboul 60 pit
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