4671 4675.output

* GB785078 (A)

Description: GB785078 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in and relating to cathode-ray tube grid units

Description of GB785078 (A)

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BE539760 (A) CH334483 (A) DE956411 (C) FR1134092 (A) NL102072 (C) US2936399 (A) BE539760 (A) CH334483 (A) DE956411 (C) FR1134092 (A) NL102072 (C) US2936399 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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PATENT SPECIFICATION 785078 Date of Application and frling-'Coaplete::Spee'ficeation: Jul Y 8,'1955. No -19837/55. ,f:Application made in United States of Amnerica on July 12, 1954. ' Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. , : I; Index at Acceptance::-Class 39 ( 1), D 4 (A 4: A 7: E 8: F 2 B: G 1: G 4: G 5: K 4 K 7) International Classification:-H Olj ' ' COMPLETE SPECIFICATION - Improvements in and relating to Cathode-Ray Tube Grid Units. We CHROMATIC TELEVISION LABORATORIES INC, Paramount Building, Times Square, New York 36, United States of America, a corporation organised under the laws of the State of California, United States of America,

do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by:which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This in Vention relates to cathode-ray tube grid units for colour television reproduction and to cathode-ray tubes comprising such grid units The invention relates to a construction by which the deflection of the electron beam is limited to the image surface, thus avoiding white luminescence at the margin of the image Cathode-ray tubes are known of the kind comprising a grid unit which is, constituted by a grid of substantially parallel wires arranged in the vicinity of a phosphor screen exhibiting lines luminescing in different colours Such a grid unit may in certain cases constitute a system of electron lenses for focussing the electr 6 N beam onto a selected set of the colour lines provided on the screen. A cathode-ray tube of the said known kind embodying the said lined screen exhibits a comparatively large number of narrow phosphor lines provided in a determined colour sequence and-provided on a screen or collector forming part 'of the grid unit 'Each phosphor line becomes luminescent in its characteristic colours when struck by an electron beam The sequence in which the phosphor lines are provided may be, for example, red, green, blue, green, red, green, etc, it having to be considered that the "colour" of a phosphor is to be understood to mean the colour of the light emitted upon bombardment by electrons. The phosphor lines are covered with a thin electrically-conductive 'layer provided, for example, by vaporised aluminium. In order that the path of-an electron from lPrice 3 s 6 d l the cathode impinging upon the phosphor screen may be given an additional deflection in the vicinity of the screen, a grid system is arranged in the vicinity of the phosphor screen' and constitutes therewith a grid unit 50 of the kind to which the present invention relates A grid of such a unit'comprises a comparatively large number of stretched wires extending parallel to the longitudinal direction of the phosphor lines of the screen and 'located 55 in the path of electrons 'directed from the electron gun' of the cathode-ray 'tube to the collector The wires of the grid system are in electron-optical relationship with the phosphor lines, the wires in the electron-optical 60 sense being positioned exactly at the centre in front of the blue and red lines It is to be noted that this electron-optical alignment makes allowance for corrections necessary for compensating differences occurring in the 65 operation of the tube as a result of variation in the instantaneous impact angle of the electron' beam in scanning the screen and also as a result of variations in the deflection sensitivity of the beam at the margin of'the image 70 surface However, said corrections do not form part of the invention All wires

associated with the red lines are connected to a common line, the wires associated with -the blue lines being similarly electrically connected 75 A difference in potential exists between the surface of the wire grid system and the condutivtie' layer on the phosphor screen A series of convergent electrostatic fields for the _ electron beam is produced by suitable choice 80 of the value and the polarity of said potential difference 'The convergent-fields (which are comparable to cylindrical lenses in the optical sense) result in the electron beam from the electron gun, which strikes the wire-grid, scan 85 ning a fine line structure on the phosphor screen It will -be evident that the scanning which'causes the electron beam to produce a raster in the plane of the grid wires has no direct geometrical relation to the actual line 90 w:s Ho 2 785,078 raster scanned on the screen, this raster being :-determined solely by the potential on the wires of the grid system. Since the, grid wires in electron-optical respect are in alignment with the phosphor lines, a potential difference between the " red " and "blue" terminals of the grid results in the electrons being subjected to a focussing action, but not being subjected to additional deflection, so that electrons strikes only the line or the screen which is located at -the centre between the wires, viz the green line If the wires associated with -the red-lines have a positive potential with respect to the wires which are in electron-optical relationship to the blue lines, the electrons are subjected not only to the deflection producing the image raster, but also to an-additionaf small deflection or microdeflection, so that electrons then strike only the red lines' Similarly, electrons strike the blue lines if the wires associated with these lines are sufficiently positive with respect to the "red" wires; From this ensue the different complementary colours of the image as a function 25. of the potential difference, if any, between the two sections of the grid wire systemn. In developing a colour raster of the abovementioned kind, the grid wires are so arranged as to extend parallel to one another and substantially in one plane, the grid wires being fixed -in position with respect to the phosphor lines of the screen by means of spacers The spacing between the surface of the grid wires and the phosphor-coated surface of the screen is critical in many respects and must remain substantially constant during the operation of the cathode-ray tube Consequently, as has previously been suggested by the Applicants, the grid structure and the screen may advantageously be combined to form a grid unit, the grid wires in this case being secured to one or a plurality of frames. A transparent base plate, which may be of glass, serves to support the screen The base plate is urged against the grid frames by the grid

wires themselves Two spacer strips are secured to one surface of the base plate, thus determining the position along two edges thereof, of a screen which may be provided with phosphor lines having the desired colour characteristics Means are provided: for securing the electrically-conductive grid wires to the frame, so that the wires extend across the screen and are spaced, therefrom by the spacers Thus, the grid wires may be divided into two sets of wires, a wire of one set being arranged between two wires of the other set, and provision being made of means for applying a potential to each set of wires Preferably two frames are provided, each set of wires being secured to a different frame and also being electrically insulated with respect to the other In this latter case the glass plate is arranged between the grid wires on the one hand and the two frames on the other As a result of the tensile stress of the wires corresponding to the outer frame, the two frames are pressed together_ so that the frames, the base plate and the wires form a-unit Suitable insulation is provided between the two frames, 70 so that it is possible to apply different potentials to the two sets of grid wires. It has been found that tubes of the abovementioned kind exhibit distortion in the form of white luminescence at the extreme edges of 75 the image reproduced It has been found that this luminescence is attributable, at least in part to -electrons from the scani ng beam striking the base plate beyond the boundary of the phosphor coating This situation may 80 arise as a result of variation in the horizontal deflection voltage (which increases the length of each written line) or as a result of variations manually carried out in the adjustment of the size of the image, resulting in-the height and/or 85 the width of the image raster being increased to such an' extent that the beam scan extends beyond the surface of the phosphor screen, assuming, that the said white luminescence is due to electrostatic charges which occur Qn the 90 blank glass base plate as a result of impact of electrons from the beam and which bring about the undesired deviations of the electrons. During the operation of tubes of the abovementioned kind it has also been found that it 95 is difficult to avoid that the electric fieldl due to the presence of the aluminium coating on the phosphor screen and also the electric field at the contact point between the aluminium coating and the lead exhibit deviations at the 100 periphery of the wire grid and thus distort the path of electrons of the scanning beam The deviations of the electric field of the aluminium coating lead to wrong colour reproduction at the margin of the image 105 It has been found desirable also that secondary electrons emitted by the colour grids in the operation of such a tube should be collected in order to avoid the secondary electrons falling back arbitrarily upon the screen

coated with 110 phosphor and thus produce an image lacking in contrast. The object of the present invention is to provide a grid unit and a cathode-ray tube with which said disadvantages may be mitigated 115 According to the present invention, a grid unit for a cathode-ray tube intended for reproducing colour television images, comprising a transparent plate -of which one side carries a phosphor screen composed of colour lines and 12 & a thin conductive layer and across which are stretched grid wires lying in one plane and secured to one or a plurality of frames, which grid wires are fixed in a determined position with respect to the phosphor lines,-is charac 125terized in that arranged on that side of the plane of the grid wires which is remote from the phosphor screen is a conductive mask constituting a boundary for an image area on the phosphor screen The mask may be secured 130 subsequently are formed: into the beam 14. The control electrode 16-modulates the electron flow in the usua L manner,:in accordance with the potentials applied The'-neck of the tube also contains a first anode 18, to which suitable 70 potentials may be applied for accelerating the electrons Arranged in the-vicinity of the first anode 18 is a second anode 20 for accelerating and focussing the electrons Deflection coils comprising a pair -24 for 75 horizontal deflection and a pair 26 for vertical deflection'cause the electron beam 14,to scan a screen comprising a base plate, 22 coated with phosphor so as to-produce arimage which may be seen through the window 28 of the tube 80 ' The base plate 22, which will usually be of glass, may be secured in the wide portion of the cone of the tube by the m ethod shown in Figure 2, a supporting frame 30 which fitting in the cone 10 of the tube and securing 'the 85 base plate 22 in position in the vicinity 'of the window 28 Thesupporting frame 30 comprises lugs 32 (Figure 2) which locally fit in the -cone 10 If the cone 10 is of metal, small corner stays, 34 may be welded on the inner '90 surface of the cone at the points of attachment of the lugs 32 The lugs, are connected to, the comrner stays 34 by m ans of screw bolts or rivets 36, which preferably extend through ceramic sleeves and comprise insulating plates 95 to insulate electrically the corner stays of the supporting frame 30 with respect to the tube wall 10, Alternative means of attachment may be used, more particularly, if the cone is of glassdinstead of metal 100 Grid wires 38 are provided between the gun and the, base:'plate 22 passing at each end round, the supporting frame 30 and the base plate -22, Two insulating spacers, of which one 40 is shown in Figure 3, are secured to 105 the surface of the base plate 22 and, together with the base plate 22,-may be of borosilicate glass, but must at any rate have approximately the same coefficient of thermal expansion The spacers serve-to support the

wires 38 substan 110 tially in a single plane and at a uniform distance from the surface of the base plate 22. In order to ensure that each adjacent pair of grid wires 38 may -serve as an electron lens for-focussing electrons onto one of the phos 115 phor colour lines provided ohn the base plate 22, the beam at the same time being deflected so as to strike one of the three colour lines located between two subsequent wires, the wires 38 are -divided into two electrically 120 insulated groups, the wires of one group being secured to thexrectangular supporting frame 30 and those of the other group being secured to a second frame 44 which may be equal in size to the frame -30, but has no lugs 32 125 Figure 3 shows the frame-44 arranged: behind the frame 30 (as viewed from the, cathode end of the tube), the frames being spaced apart by a pair of vitreous rods of which one 46 is shown -It may be seen from Figure 3 that 10 so as- to be insulated from the grid frames and from the conductive layer on the phosphor screen The mask may be connected in the catbode-ray tube to a conductive layer provided on the cone of the tube or to a s eparate leadthrough wire, so that it is possible to apply to the mask a determined constant positive voltage which is higher than the mean voltage on the grid wires It may thus be provided that secondary electrons released from the grid wires are collected and the beam screened with respect to the above-mentioned irregularities of the electric fields at the margin of: the screen The,mask may have the shape of a substantially flat frame surrounding the image surface and-may thus be manufactured in a very simple manner If desired, the mask may be connected to an electrode having a constant high,potential during operation The construction according to the invention may act not only as a boundary-mask between the electron gun and the screen, so that electrons are intercepted which otherwise would strike the screen plate outside the boundary of the phosphor coating, but may also be active as an electrostatic screen to avoid distortion of -the electric marginal field of the aluminium layer on the screen, whilst secondary electrons emitted by the colour grid in the operation of the tube may be removed if the mask is maintained at a high positive potential One embodiment of a grid unit according' to the present invention will now be described, by way of example,, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, which also show an embodiment of a cathode-ray tube according to the-invention embodying said grid, in which: Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a cathode-ray tube comprising a grid unit according to the, invention; Figure 2 is a sectional view taken at right angles to the plane of Figure 1 and showing the grid unit in greater detail; Figure 3 is a detail view on an enlarged scale; Figure 4 is a detail view on an enlarged scale of part of the phosphor screen anid- the grid wires of Figure 2; Figure 5

is a perspective view of the grid unit alone; Figure 6 is a sectional view showing the manner in which the mask is secured; and $ Figures, 7, 8 and 9 show the manner in which the mask according to the invention operates to prevent the marginal field colour distortion of the image reproduced Referring now to Figure 1, a cathoqde-ray 60; tube comprises an envelope 10 and an indirectly-heated cathode 12 forming part of an electron gun for producing an electron beam 14 In the vicinity of, and' partly surrounding the cathode 12 is a control electrode 16 having an aperture for passage of the electrons which 785,078-. the frame 30 is arranged behind the base plate 22 as viewed from the cathode end of the tube. An aluminized phosphor screen 48, which preferably comprises -colour lines as shown in Figure 4, is -arrang'ed in front of and on the base-plate 22, as viewed from' the cathode end of the tube,-between the glass spacers of which one 40 is shown ' Each end ( 52) of the frame 30-to which the -10 grid wires 38 are secured exhibits a groove (Figure 3), which extends parallel to said ends. The insulating rods 46, which may be of glass, are each located in such a groove and have a diameter such that the frame 44, when bearing on the glass rods 36, is spaced apart from the adjacent surface of the frame 30 From Figure 3 it may be seen that, when the grid wires 38 are looped around the ends ( 54) of frame 44, which is provided with grooves (not shown) and when the grid wires 38 are sufficiently stretched, the glass rods 46 are' satisfactorily held in the said grooves by the frame 44 Since the glass rods 46 are -substantially incompressable, there is no electric contact between the frames 30 and 44 irrespective of the extent to which' the grid wires are stretched If desired, the glass rods 46 may be fixed in the grooves of the frame 30 and 44 with the use of a cement The grooves-provided in the ends ( 52 and 54) of the frames 30 and 44 provide teeth around which the grid wires 38 are secured, one set of alternate wires constitute one group and the other set of alternate wires provide the other group It is possible to apply a determined control voltage to each group of wires To ensure the correct spacing between the wires, the spacers ( 40) are accurately provided with grooves If desired, the ends of the base plate 22 across which the wires extend 4,0 may also be provided with grooves which can each accommodate a wire 38: The relative positions of the grid wires 38 and the red, green, and blue phosphor lines of the screen 48 is shown in Figure 4 The screen in this case comprises alternately red and blue lines with a green line therebetween. The width of the lines is chosen in accordance with the structure of the tube, so that an electron-optical relationship rather than a phy'

sical relationship exists -between the dimen sions and the positions of -the grid wires and the phosphor lines The spacing between adjacent grid wires is in general substantially equal to a single line of the image to be received by the cathode-ray tube. In order to intercept the electron beam, if it should pass beyond the boundary of the phosphor coating on the base plate 22, a mask 56.is arranged between the electron gun and the grid wire system The minsk 56 is substantially a rectangular frame of' conductive material and is secured to the frame 30 andspaced apart therefrom by a small distance with the aid of four lugs 62 (Figure 5) located at the corners of the mask 56 It is to be noted that the aperture of the mask 56 (which determines the image surface) is of a size such that the electron beam strikes the outer side of the mask 56 when deflected by the coils 24 and 21 'in such manner that, -in the absence of the 70 I mask, it would strike the base plate 22 beyond the boundary of the -phosphor -coating 28. This -may best be seen from Figure 3, where the inner edge 58 of-the mask 56 causes electrons striking the base plate 22 to be limited 75 to a surface approximately coincident with the surface of the phosphor coating Electrons in the scanning beam 14 which are deflected by the&coils 24 and 26 beyond this point strike the mask 56, so that they cannot reach the 80 ( uncoated base-plate 22 and thus cannot produce white luminescence which occurred hitherto in the operation of such tubes. The mask 56, which is best shown in Figures 3 and 5, preferably comprises a single metal 85 plate of which two edges each comprising a flange extend parallel to the grid wires 38, whereas the other two edges are bent-over in part, so that the mask is substantially uniformly spaced from the grid wires 38, even beyond 90 -the point at which said wires bear-on the spacerrods ( 40) before bending around the ends of the base plate 22 (Figure 3). The mask -56 is secured in position with respect to the frame 30 by means of four lugs 95 62 provided at the four corners of the mask and secured thereto, for example, by welding. The details of the structure for insulating the lugs 62 from the frame 30 may be seen from Figure 6 A screw bolt 60 extends through 100 an aperture provided in the frame 30 and one of the lugs 62 For electrically insulating the frame 30 from the lugs 62 and thus from the mask 56, a ceramic bushing 64 is provided between the frame 30 and each screw bolt 60 105 A plurality of washers 66 of insulating material, for example of mica, are provided between the frame 30 and the bushing 64, and between the frame 30 and the lugs 62 A slotted metallic washer 67 is provided under 110 each bolt head The bolts 60 are fixed in -position-by means of nuts 68 which may be of the

self-locking type. The reason for insulating the mask 56 from the frame 30 is that in-many cases-it -is desir 115 able that a potential higher than the potential of the frame 30 should be applied to the mask 56 The mask 56 may thus serve as a collector electrode for secondary electrons released when. the electron beam 14 strikes a grid wire 38 120 If the mask 56 has a suitable positive potential with respect to the average potential of the grid wires 38, the secondary electrons, instead of striking the base plate 22, coated with phosphor, are drawn towards the mask 56 so as 125 to avoid image interference which otherwise would occur as a result of said stray electrons. Since the mask 56 overlaps the periphery of the grid 'system, it also fulfils the function of an electrostatic screen in a manner as shown 130 7852078 intended for reproducing colour television images, comprising a transparent plate of which one side carries a phosphor screen composed of colour lines and a-thin conductive layer and 45 across which are stretched grid wires lying in one plane and secured to one or a plurality of frames, which grid wires are fixed in a determined position with respect to the phosphor lines, characterized in that arranged on that 50 side of the plane of the grid wires which is remote from the phosphor screen is a conductive mask constituting a boundary for an image area on the phosphor screen.

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* GB785079 (A)

Description: GB785079 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to the preparation of bis(hydroxyaryl) compounds


COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to the preparation of Bis (Hydroxyaryt) Compounds N. V. DE BATAAFSCHE PETROLEUM MAATscHAPPiJ, a company organised under the laws of The Netherlands, of 30 Carex van Bylandtlaan, The Hague, The Netherlands, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to the preparation of bis(hiydroxyaryl) compounds such for example as bis-di(hydroxyphenyl)propane. In particular the present invention is concerned with. the preparation of bis (hydroxyaryl) comr pounds which herein are denned as those compounds having the formula. : <img class="EMIRef" id="026415679-00010001" /> wherein Rl and RZ represent the same-or differentsaturatiedonunsaturatedm)onovalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, atomatic or heterocyclic radicals, with the provision that either R1 or R2 but not both may also represent a hydrogen atom; and the symbols Ar and Ar1 represent the same or different aromatic nuclei. Thus in the case ofbis-di (hydfoxy- phenyl) propane both R1 and R2 represent methyl groups and Ar and Ar1 each represent a phenylene radical. Bis (hydroxyaryl) cotopounds, such for example as the bis(hydroxyphenyl) alkanes, may be prepared by condensing a phenolic compound with a carbonylic compound, for example a ketone, in the pisenos of an acid condensation) catalyst, as in U. K. Parents Nos. 735, 215 and 735, 216. Hitherto processus. for the production :ofbis(hydroxyaryl)compounds have generally been limited to batch operations wherem disadvantages, including the production of substantial quantities of byproducts as well as substantial product disintegraition, are unavoidably encountered. The complex nature of the reactionmixtures obtained, their sensitivity to relatively slight changes in operatingconditions,and!thein- ability to predict the effect of even miner changes in operating conditions upon) either the chemical or physical chara, cteristics of the complex mixtures involved, makes it difficult to obtain a product of acceptable purity in the bath-type processes disclosed, heretofore. Essential to the obtaining of products of a high degree of purity in continuous operation is the use of a relatively high mol ratiol o, f the phenolic reactant to the carbonylic reactant. The handling of such relatively large quantities of the phenolic

compound entails an increase in the cost of. the initial installationf as well as in the operation. It has now been found that an increase in the temperature at which'the condensation reaction is carried out, particularly during the initial stages thereof, necessitates the use of a substantially greater amount of the phenolic reactant in order toi obtain a product having a given degree of purity so that it is advantageous to carry out at least the greater part of the process at ralatively low temperatures. However, the lowest temperature which can be employed in an escient operation), whether batch orcontinuous,is'generallydefined by the temperature at which substantial crystallization of the reaction mixture takes place, otherwise the handling of the reaction mixture and the removal of the heat of reaction therefrom present serious problems. For example the crude reaction mixture resulting from the acid-catalyzed condensation of phenol with dimethyl ketone, employing a mol ratio of phenol to dimethyl ketone bf 10 : 1, will begin to crystallize at about 63~C. According to the present invention a process for preparing a bis(hydroxvaryl) compound (as hereinbefore defined), for example a bis(hydroxyaryl) alkane, by the acidcatalyzed condensation of a phenolic compound with a carbonylic compound as hereinafter defined comprises reacting said phenolic compound with said carbonylic com pound in, a mal ratio of at least 5 : 1 and in a plurality of successive rection stages maintained at temperatures between about 20 and about 110 C, the reactants introdu, ced into the first reaction stage comprising substantially all of said phenolic compound but only a part of said carbonylic compound, and the remainder of said carbonylic compound being introduced intoi at least one subsequent reaction stage. Preferably the process of the present invention is carried out in a plurality of successive reaction stages arranged so that thsreaction mixture flows in series therethrough, and a mixture comprising all of the phenolic compound, the add catalyst, and part of the total amount of carbonylic compound employed is introduced into the first reaction stage. However, the phenolic and carbonyliic compounds may be introduced separately into the first reaction stage, if desired. In carrying out the process of the present invention mol ratios of phenolic compound to carbonyliccompoundupto',forexample, about 15 : 1 are generally suitable, though if desired still higher mol ratios may be used. The proportion, of the total amount of carbonylic compound employed in the process which is introduced in to the first reaction stage maybebetweenabout10 and about 90% by weight. Im general, it is) preferred M intro- duce at least abofut 25 mol % of the total amount

of carbonylic compund into the first reaction stage, pardcularly preferred amounts being between about 50 and about 75% by weight of the total amount of carbonylic compound. The process of the present invention is preferably carried out at between about 40 and about 85 C.In'thepreferred manner of carrying out the process of the present invention a temperature gradient increasung progressively through the successive reaction. stages is employed. A temperature increasing progressively through said reaction stages from about 20 to about 85~C, and preferably from about 45 to about 65~C, is found to be particularly advantageous. Particularly preferrez in-the case of a two-stage process is a temperature between about 20 and about 65 C in the first rection stage and a temperature between about 40 and about 85 C in the second reaction stage; the temperature in the second reaction stage being above that in the first. In the process of the present invention the use of a high ratio of phenolic compound to carbonylic compound in the first rection stage of the process permits the use cf a lower temperatureintheinitialstageofthereaction. The discovery thar higher temperatures are permissible in die subsequent stage or stages of the process makes possible the use cf higher temperatures in that part of the process in which the presence of an increased propor tion of higher boiling components, would ren der continuous operation far less efficient at lower temperatures. Ths use of such higher temperature in the subsequent stage or stages is made possible in the process of the present invention while still maintaining a relatively low overall average temperature. The substan tial avantages which arise with regard to flexibilityofoperationandproductpurity is evidenced by the following : In five separate continuous, runs designated "A, B, C, D and. E," respectively, phenol was reacted with dimethyl ketone in a two-stage reactor system containing two reactors arrangedinseries!andeachprovided with stirrers and temperature controlling means. The phenol and dimiethylketone were charged

ra the system in ! a total moi ratio of phenol to dimethylketone of 10:1. In all the runs 6% of hydrogeni chloride and 1% of methyl mer captan, based on the theoretical yield cf 2, 2 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, were intro duced into the frist reactor. All the phenol was introdu.cedintothe6rstreactorand all the effluent from the first reactor passed into the second reactor. The various runs were e carried out under substantially identical con ditions :except. that in Runs A, B, C, D, and E, the.dimBthylketonecharge)wasdifferently proportioned between each reactor. and that reactor temperatures were such as. tcl avoid substantial solid formation. The results of the various runs are indicated'inthefollowing table. The reaction time in each run was such as to obtain a conversion of 90%. Proportion of Mol RatioProduct Purity Total Ketone Phenol to Ketone Charge to 1st in Charge Hydro Reactor to Temperature ~C. carbon. Melting Soluble %by 1st 2nd 1st 2nd Point Meterial Run weight Reactor Reactor Reactor Reactor Average ~C %weight A 90 11 : 1 80 : 1 55 62 59 153. 8 4. 5 B 75 13 : 3 34 : 1 52 62 57 154. 2 3. 8 C 50 20 : 1 18 : 1 50 62 56 154. 3 3. 6 D 25 40 : 1 12 : 7 48 62 55 153. 3 4. 0 E 10 100 : 1 11 : 1 42 62 52 153. 2 5. 5 The figuresinthe'lastcalunmof the table indicate the per cent by weight of the total bis (hydimxyphenyl) propane product which was dissollved by a paramnic hydrocarbon solvent upon extraction of the product in a Soxhlet extractor using a paraffinic hydrocarbon such for examplei as normal hexane as the solvent. By the term "phenolic compounds" as used herein and in the appended claims is meant thosa aromatic compounds'oontainmgone hydroxyl group linked directly to carbon atom of an aromatic nucleus and having at least one replaceable hydrogen atom ectly, attachedto!anuclearcarboin!atom,including. those phenolic compounds wherein one or more of the remaining hydrogen atoms of the aromatic nuclausihave)besnsubstituted, by hydrocarbon radicals, such. as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl groups. Suitable phenolic

compounds include among others the following: phenol, the cresols, the xylenols, thymol, carvacrol, cumenol, 2-methyl6-ethylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylphenol, 4ethylphenol, 2-ethyl-4-methylphenol, 2,3,6trimethylphenol, 2-methyl-4-tertiary - butylphenol, 2,4-ditertiary-butylphenol, 4-methyl2 - tertiary - butylphenol, 2 - tertiary-butyl-4methyl-phenol, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenol, 2,6dimethylphenol, 2,6 - ditertiary - butylphenol, 3,5 - dimethylphenol, 3,5 - diethylphenol, 2methyl-3,5-diethylphenol, o-phenylphenol, pphenylphenol, the naphthols, phenanthrol, their homologues and analogues. Suitable phenolic compounds comprise those polynuclear compounds having one phenolic hydroxyl group in a nucleus. Mixtures of phenolic compounds may also be used. Phenolic compounds yielding products of particular value in many fields of application comprise those having between 6 and about 20 carbon atoms in their molecules, and wherein any substituent hydrocardon groups present contain between 1 and about 12 carbon atomes. The carbonyliacompoundswhich are reacted with the above-mfanjtioned phenolic compoundsintheprocessofthepresent invention are aldehydes and ketones represented by the formula: <img class="EMIRef" id="026415679-00030001" /> wherein R1 represents any monovalent organic radical of aliphatic, cyctoaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic nature, including hydrocarbon radicals such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl radicals, which may be saturated or unsaturated and heterocyclic radicals such as pyridyl, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom CM"any one of the monovalent organic radicals spedned!forR.Examfplcsof'suitablecarb- onylcompoundscedimathylketons,msthyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, dibutyl ketiome, methyl isobutyl ketone, propionylphenone, methyl amyl ketone, mesityl oxide, acetophanmsand)aoataldehydc,propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde bsnzaldehyde and acetyl pyridine Aliphatic ketones and aldehydes having from three to fourteen carbon atoms in their molecule are preferably used. Ths reactiofn. of the phenolic compound with the carbonylic compound in the present pnocess is cairried out in'the presence of anf acid-catalyst such for exemple as a hydrogen haliez such as hydrogen chloride, prefefably in the anhydrous, state. The use of between about 0.5% and about 20% by weight, and preferably between about 3% and about 6% by weight, of hydrogen chloride based upon the yield of bis(hydroxyaryl) compound has been found satisfactory. If necessary the desired concentration of hydrogen, cbloridts in the reaction mixture may be obtained by the use of superatmospheric pressure and/or the use of an appropriate solvent. Although hydrogen chloride is a preferred catalytic agent, other

acidic agents may also he used, for example, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, dimethylsulphate, sulphur dioxide, p-toluene sulphonic acid, boron trifluoride, boron trifluoride complexes and acid-acting compounds which, are hydrolyzed by water to form acids, such as alunnnimnchloride,sulphonylchlorideand phosgene. Of the strong acids those having a dissociation constant greater than l0-3, and par.dcularlythestrongmineraladds are preferred. The reaction is preferably executed in the presence of a promoter for the acid-catalyzed reaction. Although any promoter may be used, it is preferred to employ a normally gaseous material consisting essentially of methyl mercaptan'. The relatively small amounts of methyl mercaptan which need be employed to obtain a substantial reduction of the contact time and the ease with which this highly volatile compound is removed unaltered from the resulting rection : mixture contribute'ma.te'riaMynot only to the avoidance of product contamma- tion but to a reduction in the cost of the catalyst and.theoveralloperation. The methyl mercaptan may be introduced into the system as a solution in some or all of the carbonylic reactant and/or by its directintroductionintothereactionstagesto which the carbonylic reactant is added. It may be introduced continuously-or incremientally during the course of ths operation. A particular advantage of the use of methyl msrcaptan is that surprisingly increased reaction rates can be obtained with relatively small amounts of the methyl mercaptan, for example between 0. 01% and about 0. 5% thereof. Up to about 1% by weight of methyl m'ercaptan based on the theoretical yield in the.cassofMsdi-(hydroxyphenyl)propane production is generally sufficient; but higher amounts may be employed. Pure -metbyl mercaptan is not necessary: thus, the methyl mercaptan may be introduced into the system in admixture with a normally gaseous inert carrier or diluent, for example a normally gaseous paraffinic hydrocarbon, or nitrogen. A particularly suitable promoter is provided by the methyl mercaptan-containing fractions separated from mercaptan-containing hydrocarbon mixtures of natural petroleum origin. Examples of other suitable promoters are ionizable sulphurcompounds,allylm'ercaptans such as ethyl mercaptan, thiophenols, and mercapto-substituted aliphatic monocarboxylic aads.- If desired, solvents which are relatively inert-under the rection :conditions such for example as water-immiscible organic compounds for example aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, toluene and chlorinated hydrocarbons, or in the absence of such waterimmiscible compounds moderate amounts of

water, may be employed. Another advantage of the process of the present invention is the relatively short re action times required to obtain a high yield. Thus, rection times between about 15 minutes and about two hours will be found ample to obtain yields of up to at least 90% of the theoretical in die production of high purity 2, 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane using a mal ratio'ofphenolto)dimethylketone of at least 5 : 1 and carrying, out the process in the presence of methyl mercaptan as a promoter. The desired bis(hydroxyaryl) compound and unconverted reactants such as phenol are separated from the reaction mixture and the unconverted reactants may be recycled to the first rection stage. Normally gaseous-materials comprising, for example a promoter such as methyl mercaptan and/or the acid catalyst, are separated from the reactor effluent and may be recycled in part or in entirety to the reaction. In general the reaction products obtained by die process of the present inven tion will generally comprise isomorj. c forms of the bis (hydroxyaryl) compounds. Thus in the reaction between unsubstituted phenol and dimethyl ketone in accordance with the inven tion, the reaction products will comprise a mixture of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and bis (2-hydroxyphenyl) propane, in which the former will generally predominate. The present invention is illustrated by the following example which is concermd with the production of a bis (hydroxyphenyl) com pound,namely bis-2,2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) pro pane, by the condensation of phenol with di methyl ketone, and which will bs described wifh reference to the accompanying drawing which shows diagrammatically the plant em ployed. Referring to, the drawing, phenol is forced by means of pump 10 through a valved line 11 provided with a preheater 12 into a mix ing chamber 13. Dimethyl ketone is forced by means of pump 15 through

a valved line 16 providecr with an indirect heat exchanger 17 into the chamber 13. A promoter comprising a normally gaseous stream of mediyl marcap- tanis.passeddirough a valved line 20 into the line 16. From chamber 13 the mixed charge is passed through a line 21 into a re action zone comprising two reactors 23 and 25, provided with stirrers 24 and 26. Although only two reactors are provided in the plant shown in the drawing it will be understood that more than two such reactors arranged in series flow may be employed if desired. Phenol and dimethyl ketona are introduced into the system in a mol ratio of phenol to ketone of at least 5:1, and preferably at least 10:1. All the phenol is passed through line 11 to the mixing chamber 13, but only a part, for example about 50 to about 75% by weight, of the dimethyl ketone is passed through line 16 into the mixing chamber 13, the remaining portion of the dimethyl ketone being by-passed through a valved line 22 into the line discharging into reactor 25. An acid catalyst comprising hydrogen chloride is passed through a valved line 28 into the line 21 entering reactor 23. Addition of the acid catalyst to the charge preferably occurs immediately prior to its entrance into reactor 23, although part or all of the acid catalyst may be introduced as a separate stream directly into reactor 23. Hydrogen chloride introduction is controlled to maintain its concentration in the reactor 23 between about 1% and about 12%, and preferably between about 3% and about 6%, by weight based on the theoretical product yield. The methyl mercaptan promoter is introduced in controlled amounts to maintain its concentration in the reactor beween about 0.25% and about 1.0% based on the theoretical yield of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane. A valved line 22 is provided to enable the passage of promoter to reactor 25 should this be desired. The total effluent from reactor 23 is passed through a valved line into the second reactor 25. The temperatures within the reactors 23 and 25 are maintained between about 20~ C and about 110~ C and preferably between about 40~ C and about 85~ C. In a preferred manner of carrying out the present process the temperature in reactor 23 is maintained betweenajbout20and'ahout65 Candthetern-. perature in reactor 25 is maintained above that in reactor 23 and is, between about 45 and about 85~ C. Under such conditions phenol and dimethyl

ketone react within the reactors 23 and 25 to form bis di(hydroxyphenyl) propane consisting essentially of 2,2-bis(4hydroxyphenyl) propane. The residence time in the reactor 23 is generally such that a conversion to the desired 2, 2-bis (4-phBnyIhydroxy) propane of at least 80%, and preferably at least 90%, is achieved, and the residence time in the reactor 25 isi preferably such as to obtain a total overall conversion of at least 90% of th me- tical. In general, a satisfactory overall time of residence within the reactors 23 and 25 is between about 1/4 and about 2 hours, and preferably between about 1/2 and about 2 hours, the residence time within reactor 23 being between about 5 minutes, and about 60 minutes, and preferably between about 15 minutes, and about 45 minutes. Conditions within the reacts 23 and 25 are controlled so as to maintain at least a substantial portion of the contents hereof in the liquid state. A part or all of the effluent from the reactor 25 may optionally be passed into a suitable soaking, zone andthereinmaintained'fora relatively short time at a temperature substantially equal to that which can be maintained in either o tba reactors 23 and 25 before being passed to a separating zone. The soaking zone may comprise for example an elongated coil and/or a chamber. However the embuent from) the reactor 25 comprising bis di (hydroxyphenyl) propane, unconverted phenol, hydrogen chloride and methyl mercaptan is preferably passed directly through a valved line 32 into a fractionator 33 to separate a vapour fraction comprising normally gaseous materials including methyl mercaptan, hydrogen chloride, water and some entrained phenol from a liquid fraction comprising bis(hydroxyphenyl) propane and phenol. The vapour fraction is taken overhead from) the iracdonator 33 through a line 34 provided with a condenser 35, and introduced into an accumulator 36. In passing through the condenser 35 at least a substantial part of the stream flowing through line 34 is condensed. Condensate comprising hydrogen chloride, water and entrained phenol is taken from the accumulator 36 by means of a valved line 38. A part or all of the condensate flowing through line 38 may be passed through a valved line 39 into fractionator 40 within which a normally gaseous fraction comprising methyl mercaptan and hydrogen chloride is separated from a liquid fraction comprising phenol, water and hydrogen chloride. The liquid fraction is withwrawn from the fractionator 40 by means of a valved line 41 and the normally gaseous overhead is removed from fractionanw 40 by means of a valved line. 42 and a part or all thereof may be passed through a valved line 43 into the line 20. Methyl mercaptan and hydrogen chloride may be passed directly from the

accumulator 36 through a valved line 45 into the line 43. A valved line 46 is provided fo eliminating normally gaseous materials from the system. The liquid fraction comprising phenol and bis(hydroxyphenyl) propane separated in the fractionator 33 is passed therefrom through a line 50 provided with a heat exchanger 51 into a fractionator 52 in which a vapour fraction comprising phenol is separated from a liquid fraction comprising bis(hydroxyphenyl) propane. The vapour fraction is passed from the fractionator 52 through a line 53 provided with condenser 54 into an accumulator 55 from which it is supplied by means of a pump 57 through a line 58 into the line 11. The liquid fraction separated in the fractionator 52 is passed therefrom through a valved line 60 intoi a steamt-stripping column 61 in which the last traces of phenol are stripped out of the bis(hydroxyphenyl)propane, the overhead from the column 61 consisting essentially of water and phenol being passed through a line 62 provided with a condenser 63 intox an accumulator 64. Battons from the e column 61 consisting essentiallyofliquid bis-2, 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane is passed through a line 66 ta a flaker 67 from which high purity bis (hydroxyphenyl) propane consisting essentially of bis2, 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane is taken by means of a conduit @ The following run is illustrative of the preparation of 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane in the above-described plant. Phenol, and dimethylketone in a mol ratio of phenol to dimethyl ketone of 10:1 was passed through the two stage reactor system, a continuous stream comprising a mixture of phenol, dimethyl ketone, hydrogen chloride and methyl mercaptan being introduced into the reactor 23. The charge to the reactor 23 contained all the phenol but only one-half of the total amount of dimethylketone charged to the system so that the mol ratio of phenol to dimethylketone in the feed to the reactor 23 was 20:1. Methyl mercaptan and the hydrogen chloride were present in the charge in amounts equal to about 1 per cent and 6 per cent, respectively, (based on total theoretical yield of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane). The contents of the reactor 23 were maintained at 50~ C and effluent from the reactor 23 was passed continuously into the reactor 25 to, which the remainder of the dimethyl ketone was fed. Thg contents of the reactor 25 were maintained at 62~ C and the rate of feed through the reactor was such that the residence tima in the reactor 23 was about-15 minntea and that in the reactor 25 was about 30 minutes. Effluent t from the second reactor was subjected to distillation to separate water, hydrogen chloride and methyl mercaptan therefrom and the bottom product consisting essentially of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)

propane and phenol was subjected to a second distilation toseparatephenolasoverhead.Botto'msfrom the second disdMation', consisting essentially of 2, 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propann, were-re- covered as ar final product. A yield of the desired 2, 2-bas (4-hyd : roxyphenyl) propane of about 96% of theoretical was obtained, the product having a melting point of 153.8~ C and a content of material soluble in paraffinic hydrocarbons of about 3.6% by weight. What we claim is : 1. A pro, for preparing a bishyuroxy- aryl) compound (as hereinbefore defined) by the acid catalysed condensation of a phenolic compound)withta.carbonyliccompound as hereinbefore defined, which comprises reacting said phenolic compound : with said carb- onyli, c compound in a mol ratio of at least 5 : 1 and in a plurality of successive reaction stages maintained at temperatures between about 20 and about 110 C, the reactants introduced into the first reaction stage comprising substantially all of said phenolic compound but only a part of said carbonylic compound, and the remainder of said carbonylic compound being introduced into at least one subsequent reaction stage.


* GB785080 (A)

Description: GB785080 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Agent for protection against moths and beetles

Description of GB785080 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip



-PATENT SPECIFICATI ON PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: July 20, No 21014/55. Application made in Geimany on Aug 23, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. 785,080 1955. Index at acceptance:-Classes 81 ( 1), E 1 C 17; and 140, P 3 (B: F 2: G 5). International Classification:-A 611 D 06 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Agent for Protection against Moths' and Beetles' We, FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of Leverkusen Bayerwerk, Germany, a body corporate organised under the laws of Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to an agent for protection against moths and beetles, and to the treatment of keratin-containing material with this agent. Methylene ethers of sulphonated o,o&-dihydroxy triphenylene methane derivatives are excellent protective agents against moths and beetles and are readily soluble in water A disadvantage of these compounds, however, is their tendency to flocculate very quickly in aqueous solution, especially when hard water is used, so that its is only possible for them to be used on a practical scale in dyeing baths if they are used together with a dispersing agent The concurrent use of suitable dispersing agents for this purpose produces the result, however, that mechanical movement causes these baths to foam very strongly, especially at relatively high temperatures, so that it becomes impossible to produce uniform dyeings and finishes with all wool products which are dyed foil example, in vats It has hitherto, therefore, not been possible in practice to use the above-mentioned protective agents in the treatment of these types of wool products _ It has now surprisingly been found that, even without the concurrent use of dispersing agents, it is possible to obtain solutions of these protective agents which do not foam and which have at the same time excellent keeping qualities, if they are used together with dibutyl ethers of salts of 2,2 '-dihydroxytetra or penta-chiorotriphenyl methane sulphonic acids Mixtures in which these components are present

substantially in the ratio of 3:1-have proved to be particularly suitable (Price 3 s 6 d l This discovery is surprising, because the solutions of the last mentioned substances by themselves have a strong tendency to floc 50 culate just as quickly as the methylene ethers of sulphonated o,ol-dihydroxy triphenylene methane derivatives Consequently, it could not obviously be expected-that the mixtures would behave in an entirely different manner 55 from the components thereof Another important factor is that the butyl ethers concurrently used are not merely an ineffective ballast material, since it is known that compounds of this type also provide very good 60 protection against moths and beetles Another feature which is also of decisive importance is that both components only become suitabl for general use on a practical basis when they have been mixed as described and that 65 these mixtures can be added without any restriction to treatment baths for spun woollen or mixed woollen yarns. The following Examples further illustrate the invention: 70 EXAMPLE 1. A clear solution is first of all formed by dissolving a mixture of 3 parts of a methylene ether of the formula cl cl ci c 1 -c_ and one part of the sodium salt of 2,21-di-nbutoxy 3,5,3 ',5 ',4 " pentachlorotriphenyl methane-61-sulphonic acid, in an amount of 1.5 to 2 51 % by weight, calculated on the weight of the keratin-containing material to be dyed, by boiling with about 20 times the amount of water; this solution is then poured at a temperature of 35 to, 40 7 ce n C into a dyeing bath constituted in quantity is added to the stabilised sodium the usual manner The material to be hydrosulphite bath. treated is introduced into the dye liquor, In our Specification No 13843/52 (Serial


* GB785081 (A)

Description: GB785081 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to potters' wheels


PATENT SPECIFICATION )a Date of filing Complete Specification: July 3, 1956. Application Date: July 25, 1955 No 21431/55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance -Class 87 ( 1), C 4. International Classification:-C 04 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Potters' Wheels. I, HAROLD ERIC HAMMOND, a British Subject, of "Branksmere", Queenborough Drive, London Road, Braintree, Essex, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The invention relates to manually operated potters' or throwers' wheels or jiggers and has for its object to provide new or improved driving means for the worktables or wheels thereof. In most known kinds of potters' wheels the worktable or wheel is secured to the upper end of a vertical shaft or spindle whose lower end is cranked and coupled by a connecting rod to a vertically arranged frame pivoted upon a horizontal shaft, the lower end of the frame comprising a footrest or treadle intended for engagement and actuation by a foot of an operator. To cause the worktable to rotate, an operator is compelled to continuously treadle the apparatus by moving one foot backwards and forwards in a substantially horizontal direction and in doing so adopts a somewhat unstable and fatigueing posture likely to deleteriously affect the quality of work being produced on the worktable. According to the present invention a potters' wheel is characterised by having freewheel mechanism interposed between a manual driving means and the spindle or shaft carrying the worktable or wheel whereby the said spindle and table continuously rotate during intermittent operation of the manual means. In order that the invention may be fully and clearly comprehended the same will now be described with reference to and by the aid of the accompanying drawings wherein is illustrated a perspective view, partly in section of a potters' or throwers' wheel or lPrice 3 s 6 d l jigger constructed according to the invention 45 The upper end of a

framework incorporating four splayed legs 1 has secured thereto a tray 2, the lower ends of the legs being braced by struts 3 arranged in the form of three sides of a rectangle 50 An upper bearing 4 is secured within an aperture in the tray 2 and a lower bearing 5 is secured to a pair of lateral cross members 6 attached to a pair of opposing struts 3. A vertical shaft or spindle 7 is supported 55 in the bearings 4 and 5 with its upper end projecting above the base of the tray and having keyed or otherwise secured thereto a worktable or wheel 8 whose underside is preferably dished Located between the 60 bearing 4 and the table 8 is a dished disc 9 for preventing the spindle and bearing becoming fouled with clay or water during operation. Secured to the lower end of the spindle 7 65 is a chain sprocket 10 with which is combined any suitable form of freewheel mechanism. 11 is a heavy flywheel which is keyed or otherwise secured to the spindle 7 with anti 70 friction balls interposed between the boss of the said flywheel and the upper end of the bearing 5. Pivoted upon lugs 12 on the lateral strut 3 at the rear of the appliance is a treadle 13 75 which may be composed of suitably arranged tubular members and is adapted to project beyond the front of the appliance in such a manner that the front bar thereof may be engaged by a foot of an operator for impart 80 ing to the treadle an up and down vertical movement in co-operation with a spring 14 whose ends are attached to the treadle and to one of the legs 1 respectively. Other lugs 15 on the rear strut 3 support 85 a rotatable pulley or runner 16, whilst further lugs 17 upon the front of the frame-support another rotatable pulley or runner 18 A Price A IQ 75 I 78, 1 785,081 785,081 similar pulley 19 is rotatably mounted in lugs 20 upon the treadle 13. One end of a roller chain 21 is attached to one end of a spring 22 whose opposite end is anchored to the rear strut 3 of the appliance, the said chain passing round the chain sprocket 10 in mesh therewith and having its other end attached to the end of a belt 23. Belt 23 passes under and over the pulley 16, extends to and over the pulley 18, passes downwardly to and round pulley 19 on treadle 13 and terminates by being anchored or secured to the front frame of the appliance. In this manner and by the heretofore described means when the treadle is depressed by an operator the belt 23 drags the chain 21 in one direction-against the action of the spring 22-to, drive the sprocket 10, spindle 7 and flywheel and worktable 8 in a counterclockwise direction (viewed from above) Upon releasing pressure on the treadle 13 the spring 14 impels the treadle upwardly and the spring 22

reverses the direction of movement of the belt 23, chain 21 and sprocket 10 so that the latter may freewheel relative to the spindle 7, the latter continuing to rotate, along with the flywheel 11 and worktable 8 in the desired direction Having rotated the main spindle 7 and the worktable 8 up to a desired speed an operator may cease treadling for a time until the spindle requires further impetus It is found in practice that intermittently imparting up and down motion to the treadle is much less fatigueing to an operator than the continuous horizontal movement usually required with driving means of known potter's wheels. Should it be desired to vary the ratio of the movement of the chain this may be achieved by adjustably mounting the pulley 18. In another embodiment of the invention the pulley 20 on the treadle 13 may be dispensed with if desired, in which case the belt 23 -may terminate at and be secured to the treadle. It must be understood that broadly the invention resides chiefly in the incorporation of freewheel mechanism interposed between manual driving means and the spindle and worktable of a potter's wheel and that such an object may be accomplished in several PROVISIONAL ways other than are herein described and illustrated For example, the spindle could be furnished with a bevel gear wheel in mesh with a similar wheel upon a horizontal shaft carrying a freewheel sprocket driven by 60 a substantially vertically arranged chain in mesh with the sprocket and resiliently disposed between the frame of the appliance and a treadle or analogous means.


* GB785082 (A)

Description: GB785082 (A) ? 1957-10-23

An improved sink unit


A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

BE540171 (A) FR1128221 (A) LU33735 (A) BE540171 (A) FR1128221 (A) LU33735 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



i' 7 =-, T>? PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,082 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: July 27, 1955. No 21676/55. Application made in Germany on July 31, 1954 Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 26, C 1 B; and 138 ( 1), O. International Classification:-A 471. COMPLETE SPECIFICOATION An improved Sink Unit I, PAUL ZANKER, Of Stauffnlbergs Itrasse 318, Tubingen, Germnany, of German nationality, do.hereby declare the inventions for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me,:and the method by which it is to, be performed, to be particularly -described in and by the following,statement: - The invention, relates to a sink unit with built-in washing machine and centrifuge, the parti'oul'ar novel feature of which is that a power connection for kitchen appliances of all kinds is provided above the sink. In recent years a great number of domestic machines have been, developed the common feature of which is a central driving motor to; which all kinds of workling machines, can be coupled _ These machines, which as a rule have been equipped with high-speed motors, require in the kitchen a special working surface from which, in, some cases, they can be removed when they are not in use, but which in, many cases cannot be used for other purposes The electric drive requires the provision of a special electric plug socket in the vicinity of the place of use, if a long and troublesome flex is not to be taken to the

machine from a remote power pofint In addition, with such machines it cannot always be avoided thalt waste material or liquid residues toil the room Finally these maachines can be dangerous owing to,their high running speeds, and knife pants have been known to break away and, burst through,the protective housing It is also known to usethe motor of such conventional domnestric machines for driving a circulating pump for rinsing dishes However this required the motor to be set up in the vicinity of the sink, since the pump must suck ithe water from, the sink or return water to the sink under pressure. The present invention deliberately uses another method in order to simplify and facilitate kitchen, work, in that on a sink unit, with built-in washing machine and a centrifuge, there is arranged above the sink a drive takeoff shaft which is intended for operating kitchen appliances fitting thereon over,the sink lPrice 3 s 6 d l and which is driven by a m'otor provided for the sink unit and independent of the drive to the-centrifuge and the mechanical agitator 50 of the washing machine, for instance 'a motor connected to a waste suction pump. The mounting of kitchen appliances above the sink has the great advantage that on the one hand no additional space and no additional 55 working surface is required for mounting these appliances, and that on the other hand waste matter and liquid residues drop into the sink below,and can easily be removed therefrom down, the drain pipe A separate 60 driving motor is not necessary int tiis case, since the pump motor already present is provided with a second driving element for driving the take-off shaft for the lkitchen appliances by way of:a reduction gear, and the 65 working speeds exclude any danger of causing any damiage,around the sink unit The gearing for the take-off shaft is advantageously enclosed in the housing for the water-mixing apparatus situated above the sink and is 70 mounted in the said housing in oil-ight manner, so that maintenance is reduced to a minimum The motor which is provided for driving the waste suction, pump,and for driving the kitchen appliances can be reversed by a 75 hand-switch, and,the direction of rotation for operating the pump is the reverse ofthe direction of rotation when,the kitchen appliances are being used This arrangement has the advantage that the driving motor can, never 80 be used for both functions at the same time and therefore 'a smialler motor,can be provided. A further advantage provided according,to the invention is that an easily accessible cupboard is built-in underneath the sink for the 85 kitchen appliarnces when they are not in use, so that the said appliances are readily available at any time and no unnecessary walking is required The combination of different maachines and appliances in self-contained 90 structure is of great importance particularly in the case of modem kitchens which have relatively

little space, since a composite unit uses the space available moreefficiently and reduces r, '2 CU : ' j \ 1 n 2 785,082 the amount of wallking about which the house matically tensioning the V-belt drive and wife has to do In addition it is easier which is connected by a second driving to arrange eleotricity and water connections element to the waste suction pump 22 This and instaliations pump 22, when the motor is running in the Besides the known and generally used one direction, sucks the water from the casing kitchen appliances, a rotating brush can, be -7 of the washing machine 3 through the pipe connected to,the drive take-off shaft either 8 ' and forces said water through the flexible directly or by means of a flexible shaft In pipe 26 to the sink 13 from which it can this way it is very easy, clean glasses, dishes flow,through the drain pipe 23 to the or potts over the sink; the interposition of the trap 24 and the outflow pipe 25. flexible shaft even makes it possible to clean When the motor 20 is switched over by shoes without restricting the person cleaning means of the switch 39, the drive take-off the shoes,to the position, over the sink shaft 45 is driven in the direction required for One construoctional example of the inven the kitchen appliance 43, so that,he motor 20 tion is illustrated diagrammatically-in the must always drive only the drive,take-off shaft drawings, wherein: 45 or only the pump 22 The control panel Fig 1 is a sectional view of a sink unit, 35 also comprises switches 38 and 40 for the Fig 2 is a front elevation of,the sink unit, motors 11 and 29, and also a thermometer and 37,and a plot lamp 3,6 for the heating means Fig -3 is a sectional view from the side, 6 -for the washng machine 3 For storing the along:the line III-I-II of Fig 1 k I'tchen 4 aphlinces 43 a cupboard 41 which Built into the sink unit 1 with rear wall can be closed, for example, by the doors 42, 2 is, for:example, the washing machine 3 is built in underthe sink-13.


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