46 sensory receptors, neuronal circuits for processing information dr. a.r. jamshidi fard 2011
TRANSCRIPT
46 Sensory Receptors,
Neuronal Circuits forProcessing Information
Dr. A.R. Jamshidi Fard2011
Types of Sensory Receptors
• (1) Mechanoreceptors
• (2) Thermoreceptors
• (3) Nociceptors
• (4) Electromagnetic receptors
• (5) Chemoreceptors,
I. MechanoreceptorsSkin tactile sensibilities (epidermis and dermis)Free nerve endingsExpanded tip endingsMerkel’s discsPlus several other variantsSpray endingsRuffini’s endingsEncapsulated endingsMeissner’s corpusclesKrause’s corpusclesHair end-organsDeep tissue sensibilitiesFree nerve endingsExpanded tip endingsSpray endingsRuffini’s endingsPacinian corpusclesMuscle endingsMuscle spindlesGolgi tendon receptorsHearing; Sound receptors of cochleaEquilibrium; Vestibular receptorsArterial pressureBaroreceptors of carotid sinuses and aorta
II. ThermoreceptorsColdCold receptorsWarmthWarm receptors
III. NociceptorsPainFree nerve endingsIV. Electromagnetic receptorsVisionRodsCones
V. ChemoreceptorsTasteReceptors of taste budsSmellReceptors of olfactory epitheliumArterial oxygenReceptors of aortic and carotid bodiesOsmolalityNeurons in or near supraoptic nucleiBlood CO2Receptors in or on surface of medulla and in aortic andcarotid bodiesBlood glucose, amino acids, fatty acidsReceptors in hypothalamus
Receptor Potential of the Pacinian Corpuscle
An Example of Receptor Function
Adaptation of Receptors
Viscoelastic structure
Accommodation
Relation Between Stimulus Intensity and the Receptor Potential.
Amplitude of Receptor PotentialAll or None Law?
Toni or Phasic Receptors
Classification of
Nerve Fibers
Spatial Summation Temporal Summation
Processing of Signals in Neuronal Pools
Divergence)Amplification(
Convergence
Reverberatory Circuits
CPGsCentralPatternGenerator
Prolongation of a Signal by aNeuronal Pool “Afterdischarge”
Reverberatory Circuits
CPGs Central Pattern Generator
Instability and Stability of Neuronal Circuits
1 -Synaptic Fatigue2 -Downregulation or Upregulation of Synaptic Receptors