4.02 Student NotesUnderstand charts and graphs used in business.

I. What is the difference between a graph and a chart?

II. What is the purpose of a chart?

III. Which charts are used commonly in business and why?

IV. How is the type of chart determined?

V. Charts and Graphs used in Business

A. Purpose of charts and graphs

1. Charts and graphs are used in business to communicate and clarify spreadsheet information

2. A graph is a pictorial representation of data. It includes the plot area, gridlines, and values. A graph is used in a chart. A chart is an enhancement of a graph that includes labels, legend information, titles, and color and adds meaning to the graph.

3. Whereas spreadsheet data is often filled with numbers, labels, and values that require time consuming analysis, a chart emphasizes and categorizes the spreadsheet information into a format that can be quickly and easily analyzed.

4. A chart is to a spreadsheet as a picture is to a thousand words

B. Examples of charts used in business

1. Represent sales trends within different departments of a store

2. Represent the contribution of individual employee sales to the total sales for a company

3. Represent the percent of each expense to total expenses

4. Analyze stock prices and explain the fluctuations to stakeholders

VI. Components of Graphs and Charts

A. Graph

1. The y-axis is the left vertical side of the graph. It contains the numerical data.

2. The x-axis is the bottom horizontal side of the graph. It contains the category information.

3. Data markers are used in a graph to indicate data values.

4. A data series is a collection of related values, such as one row or column from a spreadsheet.

5. A gridline is a horizontal or vertical line that extends across the plot area of the graph for the purpose of adding clarification to the data.

6. The plot area is the background portion of a graph. It is the area bound by the values (y) and categories (x) axes.

7. A tick mark is used in a graph to clarify data categories or values.

B. Chart

1. A legend is an object that explains the symbols, colors, or patterns used to differentiate the data.

6411 – Computer Applications I Summer 2008, Version 2 Unit B – 4.02 – page 316

4.02 Student NotesUnderstand charts and graphs used in business.

2. A data label is a single value or text explanation used to explain the data in a series.

3. A chart title is the main heading, which describes the purpose and content.

4. The x-axis title describes the horizontal data.

5. The y-axis title describes the vertical data.

C. Embedded and linked

1. An embedded chart is one that appears on the same sheet as the spreadsheet it represents; otherwise, it is referred to as a separate chart.

2. A linked chart is one that will reflect changes made to the spreadsheet it represents.

VII. Common Charts Used in Business

A. A column chart is used to make comparisons and generalizations about groups of data, such as to compare the number of students from each class (Sophomores, Juniors, and Seniors) to their attendance at assemblies.

B. A stacked bar chart is used to represent the sum of more than one value and compare the contribution of individuals to the whole, such as the total sales for three components to the whole sales for a store.

C. A line chart is used to show trends or changes in data over time, such as growth in sales over several quarters.

D. An XY scatter chart is used to show the correlation of two or more data sets, such as the correlation between stress rates and wait time in a doctor’s office.

E. A pie chart is used to represent the contribution of each component of one series of data to the whole, such as the percentage of expenditures to the total budget.

F. An exploded pie chart is a pie chart in which the individual components are enhanced.

6411 – Computer Applications I Summer 2008, Version 2 Unit B – 4.02 – page 317

Chart Components Notes Student Activity

Name: Period: Date:

Chart Components Notes

Directions: Take notes as you view the Chart Components PowerPoint

1. What does a chart do that a spreadsheet does not?

2. What is the difference between a chart and a graph?

3. List examples of charts used in business.

Components of Graphs and Charts

1. Y- axis

2. X-axis

3. Data marker

4. Data series

5. Gridline

6. Plot area

7. Tick mark

8. Legend

9. Data label

10. Chart title

11. Axis titles

Label the Chart Parts

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Chart Components Notes Student Activity

Name: Period: Date:

What is an embedded chart?

What is a linked chart?

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Types of Charts graphic organizer Student Activity

Name: Period: Date:

TYPES OF CHARTS

Directions: Complete the table below as you view the Types of Charts PowerPoint. The first item has been completed for you as an example.

Chart Name Description Best Used For:

1.

Column ChartSeries of vertical columns that represent each data series.

Making comparisons and generalizations about groups of data, such as the attendance of each group of upperclassmen at assemblies

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Types of Charts graphic organizer Student Activity

Name: Period: Date:

Chart Name Description Best Used For:

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Types of Charts graphic organizer Teacher Key

TYPES OF CHARTS KEY

Directions: Complete the table below as you view the Types of Charts PowerPoint. The first item has been completed for you as an example.

Chart Name Description Best Used For:

1.

Column Chart

Series of vertical columns each representative of a data series

Making comparisons and generalizations about groups of data, such as the attendance of each group of upperclassmen at assemblies

2.

Stacked Bar

Series of horizontal or vertical bars that are each divided into two or more parts. Each bar represents the contributions of one data group to the whole

Comparing the contribution of individual items to the whole, such as the contribution of each department’s sales to the total sales for a quarter

3.Line Chart

Series of data points connected by horizontal lines, each representing a series of data

Comparing trends, such as the trends in sales of three departments in a store over a period of time

4.

XY ScatterSeries of data points connected by horizontal lines, each representing a series of data

Analyzing statistical or scientific data, such as to determine a correlation between stressors and pulse rate; the effect of one on the other

5.

Pie Chart Represents only one data series

Indicating the relationship of one component or data element to the whole, such as the percentage of sales contributions of printers, PDAs, and desktops to the total sales

6.Exploded Pie

An enhanced version of the pie chart

Emphasizing one or more portions of data

Name That Chart Student Activity

Student Name Period Date

NAME THAT CHART

Directions: The spreadsheet for the Bars a Million Company is below. Use the spreadsheet and knowledge of the types of charts to decide which chart will best communicate the information described in the scenarios on the next page

Name That Chart Student Activity

Student Name Period Date

NAME THAT CHART SCENARIOS

Choices: Column Chart, Stacked Bar, Line Chart, XY Scatter, Pie Chart, Exploded Pie

What type of Chart? Scenario

1. Compare the contribution of each individual employee to total sales for Region 1 in January – February, with emphasis on the months.

2. Compare the total sales for each region for January – March.

3. Compare the contribution of each individual employee to total sales for Region 1 in January – February, with emphasis on the employee.

4. To compare the Region 3 sales trends of each sales associate over the 3 month period.

5. Determine the correlation between absences and sales for Karl, Leslie, and Martin in Region 3 over the period of January – March.

6. Display the percent contribution of all Region 2 Sales Associates to the total sales for the month of January.

7. Display the percent contribution of all Region 5 Sales Associates to the total sales for the month for March and enhance each associate’s contribution.

Name That Chart Student Activity

Student Name Period Date

Name That Chart Teacher Key

NAME THAT CHART SCENARIOS KEY

Choices: Column Chart, Stacked Bar, Line Chart, XY Scatter, Pie Chart, Exploded Pie

What type of Chart?

Scenario

1. Column Chart Compare the contribution of each individual employee to total sales for Region 1 in January – February, with emphasis on the months.

2. Column Chart Compare the total sales for each region for January - March.

3. Stacked Bar Compare the contribution of each individual employee to total sales for Region 1 in January – February, with emphasis on the employee.

4. Line Chart To compare the Region 3 sales trends of each sales associate over the 3 month period.

5. XY Scatter Determine the correlation between absences and sales for Karl, Leslie, and Martin in Region 3 over the period of January – March.

6. Pie Chart Display the percent contribution of all Region 2 Sales Associates to the total sales for the month of January.

7. Exploded Pie Display the percent contribution of all Region 5 Sales Associates to the total sales for the month for March and enhance each associate’s contribution.

Name That Chart Teacher Key

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING A COLUMN CHART

Directions: For this activity, you will follow along with your teacher to take notes and create the charts that represent the data in Items 1 and 2 of the Name that Chart activity

Notes for Creating a Column Chart

Guided Practice: Creating a Column Chart Teacher Key

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING A COLUMN CHART KEY

In Example 1, sales totals for each region are compared on a monthly basis from February – March. In Example 2, the total sales for each region over a three month period are compared.

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Guided Practice: Creating a Stacked Bar Chart Teacher Demonstration

Student Name Period Date

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING A STACKED BAR CHART

Directions: For this activity, you will follow along with your teacher to take notes and create the chart that represents the data in Item 3 of the Name that Chart activity.

Notes for Creating a Stacked Bar Chart

Guided Practice: Creating a Stacked Bar Chart Teacher Key

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING A STACKED BAR CHART KEY

In this example, the monthly contribution of each employee to total sales is represented. Notice how easily the employees’ sales contributions are compared.

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Guided Practice: Creating a Line Chart Teacher Demonstration

Student Name Period Date

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING A LINE CHART

Directions: For this activity, you will follow along with your teacher to take notes and create the chart that represents the data in Item 4 of the Name that Chart activity

Notes for Creating a Line Chart

Region 3 Sales Trends

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20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

Januar

y

Febru

ary

Mar

ch

Month

Sal

es

(in

Th

ou

san

ds

)

King, Karl

Lemmons, Leslie

Murdoch, Martin

Neil, Nelly

Ormond, Oprah

4.

Guided Practice: Creating a Line Chart Teacher Key

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING A LINE CHART KEY

In this example, the category information (January-March) is represented on the x axis and sales are represented on the y axis. This chart clearly emphasizes the sales trends over the three-month period. The regional manager can use this information to learn more about each employee as well as to analyze the market. Notice how the March sales declined for three sales reps and rose for two. He might ask the top sales rep to share pointers with the other reps. He also may decide to reassign the reps to determine if the trends are due to the economic status of the companies or the marketing abilities of the reps.

Guided Practice: Creating an XY Scatter Chart Teacher Demonstration

Student Name Period Date

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING AN XY SCATTER CHART

Directions: For this activity, you will follow along with your teacher to take notes and create the chart that represents the data in Item 5 of the Name that Chart activity

Notes for Creating an XY Scatter Chart

Guided Practice: Creating an XY Scatter Chart Teacher Demonstration

Student Name Period Date

Guided Practice: Creating an XY Scatter Chart Teacher Key

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING AN XY SCATTER CHART KEY

Which chart makes more sense? The chart on the top because it is progressing in a positive, left to right direction. When making the determination of which series should appear on each axis, ask the question, “What is the effect of the x on the y?” In this example, the question is, “What is the effect of absences (x) on sales (y)?”

The Effect of Region 3 Absences on Sales

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50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

Absences

Sal

es (

in T

ho

usa

nd

s)

King, Karl

Lemmons, Leslie

Murdoch, Martin

The Effect of Region 3 Absences on Sales

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

- 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

Sales

Ab

se

nc

es

Murdoch, Martin

King, Karl

Lemmons, Leslie

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Guided Practice: Creating a Pie Chart Teacher Demonstration

Student Name Period Date

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING A PIE CHART

Directions: For this activity, you will follow along with your teacher to take notes and create the chart that represents the data in Item 6 of the Name that Chart activity

Notes for Creating a Pie Chart

Guided Practice: Creating a Pie Chart Teacher Demonstration

Student Name Period Date

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING A PIE CHART KEY

In this example, we know that Jake Jackson and Ian Ingram achieved the highest sales percentages for Region 2 in January

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Guided Practice: Creating an Exploded Pie Chart Teacher Demonstration

Student Name Period Date

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING AN EXPLODED PIE CHART

Directions: For this activity, you will follow along with your teacher to take notes and create the chart that represents the data in Item 7 of the Name that Chart activity

Notes for Creating an Exploded Pie Chart

Guided Practice: Creating an Exploded Pie Chart Teacher Demonstration

Student Name Period Date

GUIDED PRACTICE: CREATING AN EXPLODED PIE CHART KEY

The exploded pie in this example puts a slightly different spin on the data by emphasizing the individual sales representatives

Region 5 Sales Contributions for March

Varner, Vince25%

Webb, Wyat14%

Unger, Ulyses11%Zimmerman, Zack

25%

Younts, Yolanda25%

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Independent Practice: Creating Charts Teacher Key

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE: CREATING CHARTS KEY

Sales Trends by Department

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10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

1stQuarter

2ndQuarter

3rdQuarter

4thQuarter

Period

Sa

les

(in

Th

ou

sa

nd

s)

Music

Shoes

Clothing

1

5,000

8,000

7,000

8,000

10,500

12,575

25,000

15,755

3,300

3,500

3,500

2,500

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000

1st Quarter

2nd Quarter

3rd Quarter

4th Quarter

Per

iod

Sales (in Thousands)

Printers

Computers

Monitors

ABC ComputersQuarterly

Sales Analysis 2009

Stacked Bar2

Independent Practice: Creating Charts Teacher Key

Independent Practice: Creating Charts Teacher Key

Wild River ExpeditionsGross Pay

Feree, Eileen13%

Miller, Kim11%

Stevens, Nancy10%Pendergrast, Jane

10%

Scott, Patrice8%

McKay, Amy7%

Love, LeAnn9%

Cotton, Donna8%

Melton, Debra8% Jones, Barry

16%

3

Wild River Expeditions Net Pay per Employee

$100.00

$200.00

$300.00

$400.00

$500.00

$600.00

$700.00

$800.00

$900.00

$1,000.00

$1,100.00

Jones

, Bar

ry

Feree

, Eile

en

Mill

er, K

im

Steve

ns, N

ancy

Pender

grast

, Jan

e

Scott,

Pat

rice

McK

ay, A

my

Love, L

eAnn

Cotton, D

onna

Mel

ton, D

ebra

Employee

Pay

(in

Hu

nd

red

s)

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Stress Analysis

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140

0 5 10 15

Wait Time (in Minutes)

Pu

lse

Ra

te

Principal'sOfficeDoctor's Office

Independent Practice: Creating Charts Teacher Key

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