1. NHP MN TIN HC - 1Chng 1: NHNG KHI NIM C BN1. Thng tin v x l thng tin 11.1. Thng tin l g? 11.2. D liu11.3. X l thng tin11.4. Chu trnh x l thng tin12. Phn cng, phn mm v CNTT23. Mt s khi nim c bn trong tin hc23.1. My tnh in t l g?2Mainframe computer2Mini computer 2PC Personal computer2Laptop computer 23.2. D liu ca my tnh l g?33.3. Chng trnh l g?33.4. Mng my tnh l g? 3Chng 2: H THNG MY TNH1. Phn cng my tnh51.1. CPU 51.2. B nh51.3. Cc thit vo ra62. Phn mm82.1. Phn mm h thng 82.2. Phn mm ng dng 82.3. Giao din vi ngi s dng 92.4. Multimedia93. Biu in thng tin trong my tnh93.1. Cc loi h m 93.2. Biu din thng tin trong my tnh 113.3. B m ASCII12Chng 3: GII THIU WINDOWS1. Windows l g? 132. Khi ng v thot khi Windows132.1. Khi ng Windows132.2 Thot khi Windows153. Cc thnh phn trong mn hnh Desktop153.1 Thanh tc v163.2 Thanh trnh n Start 164. Lm vic vi mn hnh Destop 194.1.Biu tng Icon 194.2 Thng rc 224.3 Thanh Task bar23 Chng 4: QUN L TP TIN TRN WINDOWS1. Tp tin251.1. Tn tp tin251.2. Dung lng lu tr 26

2. 2 NHP MN TIN HC1.3. Th mc v cu trc cy ca ngn cha tp tin 261.4. a 261.5. ng dn 262. My Computer 272.1. nh dng a 272.2. Thao tc trn a 293. My Documents314. Windows Explore 324.1. Cc thao tc thng dng trn ca s Explore 334.2. Thay i giao din ca ca s Explore 345. Control Panel 355.1. iu chnh ngy gi h thng37Thay i Ngy gi hin ti 37Thay i cch nh dng ngy gi v ngn ng 385.2. iu chnh cch hin th mn hnh Desktop 41Thay i themes42Thay i mu nn 43Chn ch ngh 44Thay i kiu ca s 45Thay i phn gii47Chng 5: H IU HNH MS-DOS1. H iu hnh MS-Dos 481.1. Cc thnh phn ca MS-Dos 481.2. Mt s khi nim c bn 482. Cc lnh thng dng ca MS-Dos492.1. Lnh ni tr49Lnh xo mn hnh49Lnh chuyn a hin thi49Lnh Dir 49Lnh MD50Lnh CD50Lnh RD50Lnh Copy50Lnh Del 51Lnh Type51Lnh Date, Time522.2. Cc lnh ngoi tr52Lnh nh dng a 52Lnh Sys 52Lnh Attrib52Lnh Diskcopy53Lnh Path53Chng 6: VIRUS CCH PHNG V DIT VIRUS1. Virus v tc hi542. Cch phng v dit Virus54 3. NHP MN TIN HC - 1 Chng 1: NHNG KHI NIM C BN1. Thng tin v x l thng tin:1.1 Thng tin l g?Thng tin l 1 khi nim ch s hiu bit nhn thc, m t v s vt, s vic, s kinv hin tng m con ngi thu nhn c trong qu trnh nghin cu, kho st, quanst Thng tin c th to ra, pht sinh, truyn i, lu tr, chn lc. Thng tin cng c th bmo m sai lch i do nhiu tc ng hay do ngi xuyn tc.1.2 D liu:D liu (d kin) l vt liu mang thng tin, sau khi tp hp li x l s cho ra thngtin. Ni cch khc d liu l ngun gc, l vt mang thng tin, vt liu sn xut rathng tin.Thng tin c th c th hin di nhiu dng nh: ting ni, ch vit, m thanh,hnh nh, c th l bo co, bo biu, th, Vt ghi thng tin c th l giy, phimnh, bng t, a hay vt mang thng tin khc trong cc phng tin lu tr vtruyn tin in t gi l vt mang tin.Chng ta c th phn loi d liu nh sau:- Vn bn (text): sch, bo, truyn, thng bo, thng t, cng vn, - Cc loi s liu (number): s liu thng k - m thanh (sound): ting ni, m nhc, - Hnh nh (image): phim nh, tivi, tranh v, camera, - ho (graphic) X l thng tin:- M tin: l vic biu din thng tin di dng vt l, khng thi gian nht nh,thun tin cho cc php x l khc- Thu thp tin: php ly cc m s liu/ bn tin t s vt, s vic khch quan- La chn sp xp- Lu tr s liu: ghi s liu (b nh, a t, bng t)- Bin i s liu: cc php tc ng ln s liu to nn s liu sn phNm (php x lthng tin quan trng)- Truyn dn thng tin: gi cc bn tin t ni pht n ni nhn Chu trnh x l thng tin:Mi qu trnh x l thng tin bng my tnh hay bng con ngi u c thc hintheo 1 chu trnh sau: Vo X l Ra v Lu trInput Processing Output And StorageQuy trnh ny c th tm tt 1 cch ngn gn nh sau: trc tin bn a d liu vono bng u vo. Sau my tnh hay chnh bn thn bn s thc hin qu trnhx l a ra thng tin. Thng tin a ra di dng d liu ra. N goi d liu vo vra cng nh quy trnh x l u cn phi lu tr li dng tip cho cc ln sau.2.Phn cng, phn mm v CNTTTt c thit b in t ca my tnh gi chung l phn cng, cc chng trnh chy trnmy tnh l phn mm. 4. 2 NHP MN TIN HC N gi ta thng v von rng phn cng l th xc v phn mm l linh hn (trtu), Vic mua 1 my tnh cng ging nh vic sinh con, cn vic trang b phn mmc th v nh vic nui dng v hc hnh vic u t phn mm rt cng phu. Cng ngh thng tin l tp hp cc phng php khoa hc, cc phng tin vcng c k thut hin i ch yu l k thut my tnh v vin thng nhm t chckhai thc v s dng c hiu qu cc ngun ti nguyn thng tin rt phong ph v timnng trong mi lnh vc hot ng ca con ngi v x hi.Vi quy c ngm trong ting vit chng ta c th hiu thut ng tin hc bao hm nhl CN TT v truyn thng v thut ng tin hc c u im v ngn gn. Trong phn sau chng ta s ln lt nghin cu cc b phn trong phn cng vphn mm.3. Mt s khi nim c bn trong tin hc:3.1 My tnh in t l g?My tnh in t (computer) l my x l d liu theo nguyn tc iu khin bngchng trnh do con ngi lp sn nhm gii quyt 1 cng vic no .My tnh c phn thnh 4 loi chnh:Mainframe computer (My tnh ln):L my tnh trung tm loi ln c ch to trong nhng nm 1950 1960, png yu cu k ton v qun l thng tin ca 1 t chc ln. Thut ng Mainframe (haycn gi khung my chnh) l my tnh nhiu ngi dng v c th qun l hng ngnthit b u cui.Mini computer (My tnh nh):L loi my tnh nhiu dng c thit k p ng cc yu cu ca 1 cng ty nh,my tnh Mini ny mnh hn my tnh c nhn nhng khng mnh bng my tnh ln,cng lc c th c t 4 n 100 ngi s dng.PC Personal computer (My tnh c nhn):L loi my tnh c lp c trang b y vi cc phn mm h thng, tin ch vng dng, cng nh cc thit b vo ra v cc ngoi vi khc, m mt c th cn thit thc hin mt hoc nhiu nhim v. tng v in ton c nhn, t nht cng c bt u nhm gii phngcc c th khi s ph thuc vo tim nng ca my tnh ln v my tnh mini trcy vn b kim sot rt cht ch. Vi s pht trin ca in ton c nhn, mi ngi t c t do hn trong vic la chn cc ng dng ph hp vi yu cu camnh. Trong nhng nm gn y, ngi ta tm thy nhiu l do hp nht ccmy PC vo trong nhng mng truyn thng d liu ca nhiu t chc, v mc tiuny c th t c m khng bt buc mi ngi phi hy sinh quyn t ch ca mnhdo in ton c nhn mang li. Cc my PC c trang b b nh hiu sut cao v cc b vi x l Pentium c th ng vai tr l cc trm cng tc chuyn dng l cc my tnh mnh, tc cao, c thit k cung cp cho cc cn b chuyn mn nh cc nhn vin ho, cc k s hoc cc kin trc s, sc mnh in ton m h cn cho cc ng dngnhiu tnh ton, nh cng vic thit k bng my tnh chng hn. N gy nay, cc myPC cao cp c th qun l vi ba thit b u cui xa, nu chng c UN IX hay mts h iu hnh loi nhiu ngi s dng khc. 5. NHP MN TIN HC - 3 Laptop computer (My tnh xch tay): Mt loi my tnh xch tay nh, trng lng nh v kch thc nh n mc c th t trn lng khi lm vic. My laptop nh nht c trng lng di su Pount, b va trong cp nh, nn c gi l my tnh notebook. N hng hn ch ca my laptop lm cho nhiu ngi khng mua n lm h my chnh khi cn nhc v gi c, v cc loi laptop thng t hn nhiu so vi my tnh bn.Palmtop computer: l loi my tnh xch tay nh trng lng nh v kch thc nh t va lng bn tay.3.2 D liu ca my tnh l g?D liu ca my tnh (Data) l dng cc s liu c chn lc v chuNn ho c tha vo x l trong chng trnh ca my tnh Chng trnh l g? Chng trnh (Program) l 1 dy cc ch th nhng ch th, mnh lnh c sp xp theo mt trnh t nht nh, c vit bng loi ngn ng m my tnh c th hiu c, nhm hng dn my tnh gii quyt mt cng vic no Mng my tnh l g? Mng my tnh (N etwork) l tp hp t 2 hay nhiu my tnh hay thit b x l thng tin c kt ni vi nhau qua cc ng truyn v trao i d liu vi nhau. Cc thnh phn: My tnh: 2 loi my ch Server trm WorkstationCard mng cho mi my tnh: giao tip gia my tnh v ng truyn ng truyn: hu tuyn v v tuyn Thit b kt ni mng: Hub, Switch: lin kt gia cc my tnh v mng H iu hnh mng Cc phn mm mng cho my tnh ng dng trn mng Ti nguyn dng chung trn mng Kin trc mng: c 2 kiu kt ni im im Qung b 6. 4 NHP MN TIN HCPhn loi mng my tnh:Theo mi quan h: Mng bnh ng (per to per) Mng khch ch (client/server)Theo quy m vt l LAN (Local Area N etword): mng cc b WAN (Wide Area N etword): mng din rng GAN (Gobal Area N etword): mng ton cuTheo h iu hnh mng: UN IX, Windows N T, N etware, Linux Internet: Internet l 1 mng my tnh c quy m ton cu (GAN ), gm rt nhiu mng con v my tnh ni vi nhau bng nhiu loi phng tin truyn tin. Ti nguyn v dch v chnh ca Internet: - Trao i thng tin: email, chat, in thoi - Truyn thng tin - Truy cp my tnh t xa - World Wide Web (www): xem thng tin 7. NHP MN TIN HC - 5Chng 2: H THNG MY TNH1. Phn cng my tnh:1.1 CPU: c lnh gii m lnh thc hin lnhCPU (Central Processing Unit): thc hin cc php tnh s hc v logic, ng thi iukhin cc qu trnh thc hin cc lnh. CPU c 3 b phn chnh: - Khi tnh ton s hc v logic: ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) thc hin hu ht cc thao tc cc php tnh quan trng ca h thng: Cc php tnh s hc (cng, tr, nhn, chia, ) Cc php ton logic (And, Or, N ot, Xor) Php tnh quan h (so snh hn >, nh hn @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) n v o thng tin nh nht l bitTn n v oVit ttDung lngBit 1 s nh phn 0 hoc 1Byte BGm 8 bitKiloByte KB Gm 1024 B = 210BMegaByte MB Gm 1024KB = 210KBGigaByte GB Gm 1024MB = 210MBTegaByte TB Gm 1024GB = 210GB3.4 B m ASCII:Ban u b m ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) c 256k t bt u t m 0 n 255 (8 bit), dng biu din cc k t sau:- Cc k t hin th thng dng c m t 32 n 126 Ch ci latin nh a-z, A-Z (c m 97..122, 65..90) S thp phn: 0-9 (c m 48..57) Cc k t khc: . , ; : + - * ^ - Cc k t iu khin: 32 m u tin (c m 0..31) v 1 mt m cui cng (c m127) dng m ho cc thng tin iu khin, cc m ny dng cho vic chuynnhng thng tin n mn hnh, my in hay n 1 my tnh khc.- Cc k t m rng: 128 m sau (c m 128..255) y l phn tu chn ca cc nhch to my tnh v pht trin phn mm.Vd:B m m rng ca IBM dng cho my tnh dng IBMCc nh tin hc vit nam thay i phn m ny m ho cho cc k t tingvit nh TCVN 5712B m Unicode: 16bit = 216 k tN gy nay my tnh c ton cu ho, do vy b m ASCII hn ch kh nng mho ton b cc ngn ng trn th gii do b m Unicode ra i. c im ca bm Unicode khng cha cc k t iu khin m dnh tt c m ho k t. 14. 12 NHP MN TIN HCChng 3: GII THIU WINDOWS1Windows l g? Theo thi gian pht trin h iu hnh Windows tri qua nhiu th h (theo thut ng tin hc cn gi l cc phin bn)Cc th h nh h iu hnh Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows 98 thc cht cn da trn nn DOS c s dng giao din ho. V vy, c th tm thy giao din DOS ngay trong cc Windows ny. Hay ni cch khc chng cha phi l h iu hnh hon chnh c lp vi DOS.Windows 2000, Windows Me, Windows XP, Windows N T l cc h iu hnh hon chnh, c lp, khng cn da trn mi trng DOS. Windows XP l mt h iu hnh i tip theo ca Windows 2000 Professional.Tu thuc vo cu hnh my cao hay thp m s dng h iu hnh no l hp l v hiu qu. Cc h iu hnh Windows c cu trc thit k tng t nhau nn khi s dng c h iu hnh ny bn cng c th s dng c h iu hnh khc. Lu : sau thut ng Windows phi c ch s c th din gii iu Windows l h iu hnh ly tng mi cng vic c gii hn thao tc trong 1 khung ca s (window) Trong gio trnh ny hng dn da trn Windows XP. Thao tc trn chut thao tc trn h iu hnh Windows iu u tin chng phi lm quen vi con chut.Con tr chut, th hin v tr chut Cc thao tc trn chut:Thao tcThut ngGii thch thao tcDi chuyn chut Mouse moveko chut n bt k v tr no trong mn hnhnhn nhanh 1 ln chut tri xung v th tayN hn chut Click(dng khi chn 1 mc hay biu tng)nhn nhanh 1 ln chut phi xung v th tayN hn chut phiRight click(dng kch hot trnh n)nhn nhanh 2 ln chut tri v th tay (dng khiN hp p chut Double clickcn kch hot mt chng trnh hay m ra mtngn tin,..)nhn 1 ln chut tri tip tc gi tay v koR chutDragchut n v tr cn thit v th tay2. Khi ng v thot khi Windows:2.1 Khi ng Windows:Khi bt my tnh c ci t Windows XP sau t pht bn thy mn hnh u tinxut hin tng t nh sau.Mn hnh ny theo thut ng tin hc c gi l desktop dng ch v ton bnn mn hnh bao gm cc ca s, cc biu tng, v cc hp hi thoi ang xuthin. N goi ra c th thay i mu sc v b tr theo nhiu cch khc nhau tu theo sthch ca mi ngi 15. NHP MN TIN HC - 13Cc biu tng Icon Thanh trnh n Start Thanh tc v Task bar Mn hnh desktop ca Windows XPTrong Windows ngi ta thng dng nhng hnh nh gi cm lin quan n chc nng ca phn cn th hin, v d dng hnh ging cp tp ng ti liu biu din ngn cha tin My Documents.Khi chn 1 biu tng no trn mn hnh bng cch nhn chut tri ln biu tng , mu ca biu tng s c mu thm hn cc biu tng khc gip ta nhn bit ta ang chn biu tng no. Mun b chn biu tng thao tc n gin bng cch nhn chut tri ra pha ngoi vng biu tng, mu ca biu tng s tr li bnh thng.Pha di mn hnh l thanh trnh n Start, cc biu tng Icon, thanh tc v Task bar th hin cc chng trnh ang s dng.2.2 Thot khi Windows:Trong trnh n Start chn mc Shut Down tt hn my. Mt ca s xut hin nhnchut vo mc OK chp nhn tt my.My tnh s t ng dn dp cc cng vic cn d dang trc khi tt my. 16. 14 NHP MN TIN HC N goi ra cn c cc ch khc nu nhn chut ln mi tn trong mc Shut down xut hin danh sch cc mc sau: - Ch Lock Off: kt thc phin lm vic ca ngi dng v tip tc lm vic vi Windows vi ngi s dng mi - Ch t ng khi ng li Restart: kt thc phin lm vic ca ngi dng v t ng khi ng li Windows - Ch ngh Stand by: duy tr phin lm vic ca ngi dng, gi my tnh ch ngh vi mc tiu hao nng lng thp nht (khng lu d liu trn a cng v th nu tt my tt c d liu s b mt). Khi cn lm vic li ch cn di chuyn chut hay nhn 1 phm bt k trn bn phm khng tn km thi gian khi ng, khng ph nng lng. - Ch khng hot ng Hibernate: Lu phin lm vic ca ngi dng trn a cng v th c th tt my. Mn hnh desktop s tr li trng thi trc khi Hibernate trong ln khi ng Windows sau.3. Cc thnh phn trong mn hnh Desktop Cha cc thng tin c bn tng th v nhng g nm trn my tnh ca bn bt u t cc a (mm, cng, CD,VCD, ), cc ngn con nh Control panel, thng rc, cc chng trnh c bn L mt ngn c bit c Windows to sn ngm nh cho php ngi s dng ct cc t liu vo y. l ngn cha rc hay ni cc khc cha nhng g m bn xo i. Tuy bn xo cc tp tin nhng vn c th ly li chng s dng vi iu kin bn cha rc. 17. NHP MN TIN HC - 153.1 Thanh tc v (Task bar):Thanh tc v l thanh cha trnh n Start, thng nm cui mn hnh v bn c ththay i v tr ca n. Thanh Task bar cn cha cc biu tng tng trng cho:- Cc phn mm thng c s dng nht- Cc phn mm ang s dng- N gn cha cc phn mm khi ng cng WindowsPhn mm ang s dng Phn mm thng s dngPhn mm khi ng cng Windows3.2 Thanh trnh n StartSau khi nhn chut vo mc Start trn thanh Task bar xut hin thanh trnh n nhsau:Cc ngn chat bitThit lph thngCc phn mmthng cs dngTt c phn mm ci tch tt my Thanh trnh n All Program: cha tt c phn mm (chng trnh) c ci t trong my tnh. Thng thng khi bn ci t bt c chng trnh no vo Windows th s xut hin tn v biu tng tng ng ca chng trnh trong mc All Programs. Mun thc thi chng trnh bn di chuyn chut vo cc chng trnh v nhn chut. i vi cc mc c mc con, tip tc nhn chut xut hin danh sch cc chng trnh 18. 16 NHP MN TIN HC V d: m chng trnh my tnh tin Calculator ta c ln theo cc muc sau: Sau khi nhn chut trn mn hnh s xut hin ca s nh sau: Trc khi tm hiu v cc ng dng chng ta lm quen vi cc khi nim v cu trc 1 ca s trong h iu hnh Windows XP. 19. NHP MN TIN HC - 17Ca s (window) v cc thnh phn cu toCa s window l 1 hnh ch nht cha nhiu phn cn thit lm vic. Tt c ccca s u c ti thiu cc thnh phn c bn nh sau. V d ca s trong phn mmson tho vn bn c tn l N otpadThanh tiu Thanh trnh nN t thu nh N t m toTitle bar Menu bar Minimise buttonMaximise button N t ng ca s Close buttonThanh trt ngCon tr chut trong ch nhp vn bnThanh trt ngang- Thanh tiu bao gi cng nm trn cng ca ca s cha tn ca phn mm ngdng (v d y l N otepad) tn ti liu (v d y l Untitled)- Cc nt nhn: N t ng ca s, nhn chut vo nt ny ca s s ng li cng c ngha l kt thc chng trnh ngoi ra c th nhn Alt+F4 N t thu nh ca s, nhn chut vo nt ny s thu nh ca s thnh 1 biu tng trn thanh tc v task bar N t m to ca s, nhn chut vo nt ny ca s s c m to chim ton b mn hnh N t phc hi li kch thc c sau khi thay i kch c ca ca s.- Thanh trnh n cha nhiu mc khc nhau, khi nhn chut vo 1 mc no (vd y l mc File) chng trnh m ra 1 bng cc mc con trong mc bnchn mc cn thit.M ti liu mi (c th dng Ctrl+N )M ti liu c (c th dng Ctrl+O)Lu ti liu vo a (c th dng Ctrl+S)Lu ti liu vo a vi tn khcThit lp trang in trn giyIn n (c th dng Ctrl+P)Thot khi chng trnh (c th dng Alt+F4)- Thanh trt ngang, ng: khi ti liu qu di khng th hin th trn 1 trang v bnth thanh trt xut hin, ta c th ko thanh trt qua li hin th nhng phnvn bn b che khut 20. 18 NHP MN TIN HC4. Lm vic vi mn hnh Destop4.1 Biu tng Icon:Biu tng Icon l biu tng tng trng cho 1 chng trnh, v th mun chychng trnh no bn ch cn nhn p ln biu tng ca n. Thng trn mn hnhdesktop cha cc Icon ca chng trnh thng xuyn s dng.Thay i tn ca Icon:N hn chut phi ln biu tng Icon mun i tn chn ta thy xut hin trnh nsau, chn Rename v nhp tn mi sau nhn chut ra vng ngoi (hoc nhn Entertrn bn phm)Thay i v tr cc Icon:N hn chut phi bt k ch trng no trn mn hnh desktop ta thy xut hin trnhn sau:Chn mc Arrange Icons By xut hin cc kiu sp xp sau:- N ame: sp xp cc biu tng Icons theo th t alphabet- Size: sp xp cc biu tng Icons theo dung lng- Type: sp xp cc biu tng thnh tng nhm (theo loi chng trnh)- Modified: sp xp cc biu tng c th sa i v tr ca chng bng cch nhnr chut ln biu tng v ko n v tr bt k trn mn hnh- Auto Arrange: windows t ng sp xp cc biu tng theo 1 v tr c nh.- Align to Grid: khi di chuyn cc biu tng Windows t ng canh cc biu tngtrn 1 li Nn cc biu tng c khong cch bng nhau. 21. NHP MN TIN HC - 19To biu tng mi:N hn chut phi bt k ch trng no trn mn hnh desktop ta thy xut hin trnhn sau, chn mc N ew xut hin trnh n chn tip mc ShorcutTrn mn hnh Desktop xut hin 1 biu tng mi v ng thi xut hin 1 hp thoisau:N hn chut vo nt Browse xut hin ca s tm trn my tnh chng trnh munto Icon u v d (To biu tng ca chng trnh m ho ting vit VietKeytrong a C:Programs FilesVIETKEY2000VKN T.exe) sau khi chn xong nhnOK: 22. 20 NHP MN TIN HC Sau khi ng ca s Browse For Folder, nhn nt N ext trong ca s Create Shortcut, ca s thay i, trong mc Type a name for this shortcut nhp tn ca biu tng nu khng mun ly tn tp tin c sn (V d nhp tn l VietKey 2000). Sau nhn nt Finish kt thc cng vic to biu tng Shortcut. Xo Icon: N hn chut phi ln biu tng Icon mun xo ta thy xut hin trnh n ging nh trn, chn Delete xut hin hp thoi xc nhn xo nh sau: Chn Delete Shortcut xo Icon (lu Icon ch l biu tng ca chng trnh nn khi xo icon khng c ngha l xo chng trnh) Chn Cacel khi khng mun xo Icon v ng hp thoi ny.4.2 Thng rc (Recycle Bin)Thng rc l ni cha tt c nhng g (tp tin, th mc, shortcut, ) m chng ta xo lm vic vi ca s Recycle Bin nhn p chut ln biu tng trn Recycle Bintrn mn hnh Desktop m ca s Recycle Bin nh sau: 23. NHP MN TIN HC - 21Tu thuc v d liu m cc bn xo trong thng rc s th hin cc d liu khcnhau.- phc hi thao tc xo ca 1 tp tin hay th mc: chn tp tin hay th mc cnphc hi, nhn chut phi xut hin trnh n chn Restore, khi tp tin hay thmc tr v v tr trc khi xo- xo hn tp tin hay th mc ra khi my tnh chn Delete, xut hin ca s xcnhn xo chn Yes.N goi ra ta c th lm vic vi thng rc bng cch nhn chut phi ln n nh:Trong trnh n tt ca Recycle Bin c cc mc:- Open: m ca s lm vic chnh ca Recycle Bin- Explore: M ca s Explore (hc phn sau)- Empty Recycle Bin: Xo ton b thng rc (hay cn gi l rc)- Create Shortcut: to Shorcut ( hc phn trn)- Properties: m ca s thuc tnh ca Recycle Bin 24. 22 NHP MN TIN HC4.3 Thanh Taskbar:Taskbar: lm vic vi thanh Taskbar nhn chut phi ln thanh Taskbar xut hin thanhtrnh n sau, chn mc Properties xut hin ca s Taskbar and Start MenuPropertiesTrong vng Taskbar appearance c cc mc sau:- Lock the taskbar: kha thanh Taskbar.- Auto-hide the taskbar: t ng Nn thanh taskbar khi khi ng chng trnh khc- Keep the taskbar on top of other windows: gi cho thanh taskbar lun nm trn khichy (thi hnh) cc ng dng khc trn winodws- Group similar taskbar buttons: nhm cc chng trnh ng dng ging nhau angthi hnh thnh 1 biu tng duy nht trn thanh Taskbar- Show Quick Launch: Xut hin cc Icon thng dng trn thanh TaskbarTrong vng N otification area c cc mc sau:- Show the clock: Xut hin ng h s trong ngn gc phi thanh Taskbar (ngncha cc chng trnh khi ng cng Window)- Hide inactive icons: Nn cc icon khng dng trong ngn gc phi thanh Taskbar 25. NHP MN TIN HC - 23Start Menu:Trong ca s Taskbar and Start Menu Properties chn ngn Start MenuTrong ngn ny c 2 mc chnh gii thiu v cc hin th thanh trnh n Start- Mc Start menu: hin th thanh trnh n Start loi mi d dng thao tc trnInternet, email and cc chng trnh thng xuyn s dng- Mc Classis Start menu: hin th thanh trnh n Start loi c in ca nhng phinbn trc.- N t nhn Customize: thay i giao din ca thanh trnh n Start theo s thchring ca bn. 26. 24 NHP MN TIN HC Chng 4: QUN L TP TIN TRN WINDOWS1. Tp tin (file): Tp hp cc d liu lin quan vi nhau c t chc lu tr trn b nh ngoi gi l tp tin (hay cn gi l file, tp, tp d liu, tp tin). Khng nh d liu cha trong RAM, tp tin v d liu cha trong b nh ngoi tn ti ngay c khi mt in Mt tp tin trong my tnh c th l:- Mt chng trnh,- Mt tp d liu vora cho mt lot chng trnh no ,- Tp tin vn bn cha d liu c th c c Tu theo kiu tp tin m my tnh c nhng biu tng khc nhau:1.1 Tn tp tin:Tp tin l n v c bn h iu hnh qun l khi lu tr cn byte l n v c bn lu tr. phn bit cc tp tin vi nhau ngi ta t tn cho chng, tn khng phn bitch hoa v ch thng. Thng thng mt tn thng gm hai phn: phn tn v phnm rng cch nhau bi du chm. Phn tn: c t tu tuy nhin nn t sao cho tn gi nh v d phn bit gia cc tp tin - Trong h iu hnh Dos: phn tn c t 1 n 8 k t, khng chp nhn cctrng hp sau: Cha mt s k hiu nh *...? v du khong cch t tn trng vi mt s t dnh ring ca Dos nh Copy, Type, t tn trng vi tn logic ca cc thit b: CON , AUX, COM , PRN , - Trong Windows: c th di n 128 k t. C th cha cc k hiu hay dukhong cch. Cng c th t tn ting Vit nhng khi sao chp sang my khc, a khc Windows s khng hiu do ch nn t tn khng b du tingvit. Cc k t trong phn tn c th: Ch ci latinh t a n z, hay A n Z Cc ch s 0 n 9 Cc k hiu khc: $ @ ! ^ { } ~ Phn m rng: cn gi l phn ui c t 0 n 3 k t. Thng c quy nh sn cho ta bit kiu d liu ca tp tin (do chng trnh t p t). N u phn ui l: - Doc, txt: ti liu, vn bn son tho t Word, Wordpad, N odepad - exe, com: cc tp chng trnh chy c. - jpg, bmp, gif,: cha cc file hnh nh V d: donxinviec.docbaitap1.pas1.2 Dung lng lu tr: ca tp tin cn gi l kch thc tp tin (size) v c tnh theon v byte. N goi ra h iu hnh cn qun l thm cc thng tin khc v tp tin nh:- N gy gi to tp tin hay thi im sa i cui cng- Thuc tnh ca tp tin nh: ch c, tp tin Nn 27. NHP MN TIN HC - 251.3 N gn cha tp tin (th mc) v cu trc cy ca ngn cha tp tin- Trn a mm, a cng c rt nhiu tp tin (hng trm n hng ngn tp tin) nu khng t chc tt, cng vic tm kim tht kh khn v vt v.- Mt ngn cha c th cha nhiu ngn con v nhiu tp tin, t chc nh th c hnh tng ging cu trc cy. Mi ngn tng ng vi 1 cnh trn cy, mi tp tin tng ng vi l trn cy. C cy s c chung 1 gc ( a).- V d cy th mc nh sau: a CMy DocumentsVan HocOng lao danh caTruyen kieuToan Bai tap 1 Baithi.docChuong trinhSoan thao van ban Th mc trong my tnh c duy nht 1 biu tng nh: Lu : trong cng 1 th mc khng c 2 tp tin hay 2 th mc con c trng tn nhau1.4 a:Trong my tnh c nhiu a: a cng (hard disk), mm (floppy disk), CD, Vvy 1 trong nhng nhim v ca Windows l t tn cho cc a v qun l chng.Tn a cng rt n gin: a mm c tn l A hay B. Cc a khc c tn btu t C, D, E, 1.5 ng dn:Vi cu trc cy ni trn, ng dn l cch ghi y ch n ni ca mt tp tinno hoc mt ngn trong cy.Tn ng dn: l chui cc ngn kt thc bng tn tp tin c dng ch nh v trchnh xc ca 1 tp tin c mu nh sau:[tn a][ tn ngn][ tn ngn con][ tn file]V d: v tr tp tin baithi.doc c ng dn C:My DocumentsToanbaithi.doc2. My Computer: My Computer l ngn gc, mc cao nht cha cc thng tin c bn tng th v nhng g nm trn my tnh nh a mm, a cng, CD , cc ngn con nh Control Panel, Thng rc (Recylce Bin), cc chng trnh c bn khi ng My Computer bn c th chn 1 trong 2 cch sau: Cch 1: N hn p chut ln biu tng My Computer trn mn hnh desktop Cch 2: N hn chut ln biu tng My Computer trong thanh trnh n Start 28. 26 NHP MN TIN HCC nhiu cch th hin ca s My computer trong trnh n View, sau khi nhn chut nu ca s ca bn khng ging nh trn bn nhn chn mc View trn thanh trnh n v chn Details trong danh sch s xung. xem trong a c nhng th mc hay tp tin no thao tc rt n gin l nhn p chut ln a , trong phn ny chng ta ch nghin cu cc thao tc trong My Computer v cc a2.1 nh dng a (Format):L to (hoc ti to li) khun dng cho a, lu trong trng hp a c d liu khithc hin vic Format d liu trn a s b mt. Thao tc:- Chn a (trong v d l a A)- N hn chn mc File trn thanh trnh nv chn mc Format trong danh sch sxung (Thao thc ny v sau s trnh byn gin sau: Chn FileFormat)- Xut hin ca s format nh sau: 29. NHP MN TIN HC - 27Trong ca s Format c cc mc sau: Dung lng a (Capacity): a mm c kch thc 3.5 (inch) c dung lng1.44MB, c 512bytes trn 1 sector. T chc thng tin (File system): thc ra khi lm vic vi a mm khng ckiu no khc ngoi kiu FAT nhng i vi a cng c cc cch t chcthng tin sau: H iu hnh Loi File System h trDos, Windows 95 FAT 16Windows 98, Windows MeFAT 16, FAT 32Windows N T, 2000, XP FAT 16, FAT 32, N TFS Quy nh dung lng (Allocation unit size): chn ch Default allocation size c ngha ly theo dung lng a thc t (mc nh) t tn cho a (Volume label): bn c th nhp tn cho a hay trng Kiu nh dng (Format options) . nh dng nhanh (Quick format): nu chn mc ny Windows xo ton b cc d liu trn a v khng kim tra b mt a nh qu trnh nh dng a bnh thng . To a khi ng h iu hnh MS-Dos (Create an MS-Dos start up): nh dng v t ng chp cc tp tin khi ng h iu hnh MS-Dos- N hn chn mc Start bt u cng vic nh dng a mm.- Ch khong vi pht nu a nh dng c Windows s thng bo qu trnhnh dng hon tt nhn chn nt OK.2.2 Thao tc trn a:Xem dung lng ca aKhi ci t Windows v cc chng trnh ng dng nu bn mun bit dung lng acng hin ti cn li bao nhiu bn lm nh sau:- Chn a mun xem dung lng bng cch nhn chut ln a (a mm)- Chn FileProperties trn mn hnh xut hin ca s Properties nh sau: Phn s dngPhn cha s dng 30. 28 NHP MN TIN HC Sp xp cc tp tin trn a (Defragmentation): Khi a c nhiu tp tin (file) bn mun sp xp li sao cho c th c chng 1 cch nhanh nht. Trong qu trnh hot ng cc tp tin c ghi ln a tu theo trng thi trng ca a. Do c th c cc phn t ca 1 tp tin khng nm gn nhau trn a. iu c lm cho thi gian c tp tin b ko di nn nhim v ca Defragmentation l sp xp cc phn t trong cng tp tin nm gn nhau hn. Defragmentation ta lm nh sau: - Thao tc tng t nh xem dung lng a sau khi xut hin ca s Properties nh trn chn ngn Tools - N hn chn mc Defragment N ow xut hin ca s disk Defragmenter nh sau, cng vic ca bn l chn a cn phn mnh v nhn Defragment. 31. NHP MN TIN HC - 29Lu : sau 1 thi gian hot ng, cc tp tin trn a thay i nn cc tp tin li b phn mnh ta phi lm li thao tc Defragmentation.3. My Documents: L mt ngn c bit c Windows to sn ngm nh cho php ngi s dng ct cc t liu. Tt nhin bn cng c th ct d liu nhng ni khc trn cc a khc nhau ca my tnh.Windows cho php nhiu ngi s dng cng mt my tnh vi tn ring (User name) v mt khNu ring (Password). Mi ngi ny c Windows to ra mt My Documents ring khi ci t Windows. Ty theo thch, mi ngi c th th hin ngn ny khc nhau thng qua vic t ty chn trong menu View nh Large Icons, Small Icons, List, Details, Thumbnails. Trong My Documents c to sn cc ngn cha khc bn trong n: - My Pictures: cha nhng file hnh nh m bn lu gi - My Webs: cha cc trang Web - My Music: cha cc file m nhc m bn cn lu gi N h th khi nim v ti liu c m rng rt nhiu n khng ch cha ti liu m cn c th cha cc phng tin biu din thng tin khc nh m thanh, hnh nh, trang web khi ng My Documents bn c th chn 1 trong 2 cch sau: Cch 1: N hn p chut ln biu tng My Documents trn mn hnh desktop Cch 2: N hn chut ln biu tng My Documents trong thanh trnh n Start m ngn ti liu no thao tc n gin l nhn p chut ln ngn hay ti liu mun m 32. 30 NHP MN TIN HC4. Windows Explore: L chng trnh qun l bao trm ton b vng desktop gm cc phn nh: My Documents, My Computer, My N etwork Places. V Windows Explore bao trm ln chng nn cc thao tc thc hin trn chng u c th thc hin trn Windows Explore. khi ng ca s lm vic Windows Explore ta chn 1 trong 2 cch sau: Cch 1: N hn phi chut ln thanh trnh n Start chn mc Explore Cch 2: N hn phi chut ln biu tng My Computer chn mc Explore phn trn cc bn bit v cy th mc trong vic t chc lu tr tp tin trn my tnh. Trong ca s Explore: Bn tri ca ca s hin th cy th mc ca h thng. - Cy th mc trnh by cu trc ca mt th mc trn mt a, bt u bng thmc gc nm mp trn bn tri ca n. - N hn du + k bn tn th mc hay a trin khai cy th mc, sau khinhn du + s chuyn thnh du . Lu khi mt th mc khng c thmc con s khng xut hin ging + - N hn du k bn tn th mc hay a thu gn nhnh cy th mc, saukhi nhn du s chuyn thnh du + - Khi trin khai cy th mc nu cc th mc con b che khut ta dng thanhtrt dc xem cy th mc.Bn phi ca ca s lit k ni dung ca th mc chn (hin hnh) bao gm cctp tin v cc th mc con ca th mc hin hnh. 33. NHP MN TIN HC - 314.1 Cc thao tc thng dng trn ca s Explore:Chn 1 th mc lm vic:Di chuyn thanh trt ca s bn tri cho n khi thy c th mc cn lm vic(nu b che khut). N hn chn th mc khi ca s bn phi s xut hin cc thmc con v tp tin m n cha Chn nhiu th mc v tp tin ca s bn phi - Chn 1 file hay 1 th mc: n gin nhn chut ln file hay th mc cn chn, mi ln nhn chut ch chn c 1 file hay 1 th mc duy nht - Chn nhiu th mc v tp tin nm lin nhau: . N hn chn th mc hay file nm v tr u tin . n gi phm Shift trn bn phm v nhn chn th mc hay file cui cng- Chn nhiu th mc v tp tin nm cch qung:. N hn chn th mc hay file nm v tr bt k. n gi phm Ctrl trn bn phm v nhn chn th mc hay file- Chn nhiu nhm cc mc. N hn chn nhm u tin (Chn nhiu th mc v tp tin nm lin nhau ). n gi phm Ctrl trn bn phm khi nhn chn mc u tin ca nhm th 2. n gi phm Ctrl + Shift trn bn phm khi nhn mc cui cng ca nhm th 2- Chn ton b th mc v tp tin trong 1 th mc gc: Chn EditSelect All hayCtrl+A. To mt th mc con mi: l th mc rng khng cha g - Trn ca s Explore chn th mc cha ca th mc mun to - Chn FileN ewFolder ca s bn phi xut hin 1 th mc mi c tn l N ew Folder - N hp tn cho th mc v nhn Enter (hay nhn chut ra vng ngoi). Xo th mc hay file N hn chn tp tin hay th mc mun xo, nhn phm Delete trn bn phm Windows xut hin thng ip sau: v d minh ho ny xo l tp tin Bai tap, thng ip xc nhn li chnh xc bn mun xo, nu bn mun xo nhn Yes, khng xo nhn N o. (N u mun xo nhiu th mc hay tp tin bn chn chng nh phn trn) Khi xo th mc hay tp tin no , n s tn ti trong thng rc m cha xo hn v c th phc hi thao tc xo. 34. 32 NHP MN TIN HC Sao chp file hay th mc: c 2 cch Cch 1:- N hn chn file hay th mc cn sao chp ca s bn phi- Chn EditCopy (hoc nhn Ctrl+C trn bn phm)- N hn chn ni cn sao chp vo (th mc ch) trong ca s bn tri- Chn EditPaste (hoc nhn Ctrl + V trn bn phm) Cch 2:- N hn chn file hay th mc cn sao chp ca s bn phi- n gi phm Ctrl- N hn vo file hay th mc ny ri ko sang th mc ch ri th chut (r chut)v th phm Ctrl Di chuyn file hay th mc: c 2 cch Cch 1: - N hn chn file hay th mc cn di chuyn ca s bn phi - Chn EditCut (hoc nhn Ctrl+X trn bn phm) - N hn chn ni cn sao chp vo (th mc ch) trong ca s bn tri - Chn EditPaste (hoc nhn Ctrl + V trn bn phm) Cch 2: - N hn chn file hay th mc cn di chuyn ca s bn phi - N hn vo file hay th mc ny ri ko sang th mc ch ri th chut (r chut)4.2 Thay i giao din ca ca s Explore:Trong mc View ca thanh menu c cc kiu hin th sau: Kiu hin thGii thchTilesHin th cc biu tng vi kch thc lnIconsHin th cc biu tng vi kch thc nh Hin th ging kiu Icons nhng cc biu tng sp thnh 1List ct t trn xung di Hin th ging kiu List nhng c thm cc thng tin v chngDetails nh dung lng, ngy gi to lp Hin th trong 1 khung hnh nh hay ni dung file (thngThumbnails dng hin th file nh hay trang web) V d cch th hin ca s Windows Explore bng Thumbnails5. Control Panel: Control Panel l tp hp cc chng trnh con (cn gi l cc Applet) iu khin cc hot ng ca Windows XP. Do tnh cht quan trng ca n nn vic iu chnh cc thng s c qun l bi Applet trong Control Panel cn c thc hin 1 cch cNn thn v c thc. Cc thao tc th trn Control Panel c dn n treo h thng (my tnh khng th hot ng c) hoc my chy khng n nh. 35. NHP MN TIN HC - 33N gi s dng khng c quyn Administrator (quyn cao nht) s khng iu chnhc nhiu thng s ca Control Panel v rt nhiu Applet trong Control Panel i hingi dng phi c quyn AdministratorThao tc m ca s Control Panel:- N hn thanh trnh n Start chn Control Panel (hay nhn chut vo bt k ni no cbiu tng Control Panel)- Xut hin ca s Control Panel nh sau:Bn phi ca ca s cha cc appletApplet iu khin cc xc lp mn hnh desktopApplet nh cu hnh my in v cc thit b phn cngkhcApplet nh cu hnh card kt ni mng cc b, cu hnhkt ni InternetApplet qun l cc user (ngi dng) trn myApplet ci t hay hu ci t cc phn mmApplet thit lp cc thng s v ngy gi h thng, vcch hin th ngy gi ...Applet ci t card m thanh v cc chc nng lin quanApplet ci t cc phng tin giao tip khc vi my(ngoi bn phm v chut) 36. 34 NHP MN TIN HC V cc bn mi lm quen vi Windows XP, nn trong gio trnh ny ch hng dn cc Applet n gin trn Control Panel N u cc bn lm quen vi cc phin bn trc ca Windows, s dng li giao din Control Panel c chn Switch to Classic View, ca s Control Panel thay i nh sau:5.1 iu chnh ngy gi h thng (ngy gi ca my vi tnh)N h trnh by trong phn trn Applet c tn "Date, Time. Language, and RegionalOption" thit lp cc thng s v ngy gi ca h thng, lm vic vi ca s ngygi bn nhn chut ln biu tng "Date, Time. Language, and Regional Option" cas Control Panel thay i nh sau: 37. NHP MN TIN HC - 35Thay i N gy gi hin tiN hn chn mc "Change the date and time" xut hin ca s "Date and TimeProperties" nh sau:Trong khung ngy (Date)- Chn thng nhn chut vo nt c hnh mi tn xut hin 1 danh sch chn la.- Tng t i vi nm nhn chn mi tn ln tng 1 nm hay mi tn xung gim 1 nm (cn c th nhp trc tip gi tr nm bng bm phm)- Chn ngy bng cch nhn chut ln ngy.- Trong khung gi (Time): nhp gi tr gi, pht giy bng bn phm hay nhn nt mi tn ln v xung tng gim mt gi tr.Sau nhn OK chp nhn cc gi tr thay i. gc phi trn thanh trnhn Task bar gi tr ngy gi thay i ( kim tra ngy di chuyn chut n gi trgi bn s thy xut hin gi tr ngy)Lu : lm vic vi ca s Date and Time Properties bn c th nhn p chuttrn gi tr gi gc phi thanh Task bar.Thay i cch nh dng ngy gi v ngn ng:Thay i mc ny ch nh hng n cc chng trnh c nh dng v con s, tin t,ngy, gi (v d Microsoft Excel: bng tnh in t) cn i vi chng trnh sontho vn bn bnh thng th khng th thy s nh hng ca n.N hn chn mc "Change the format of number, date and time" xut hin ca s"Regional and Language Options" thay i cch nh dng ngy gi v ngn ngca h thng .Trong khung Regional Options- Chn nhn chut vo nt c hnh mi tnxut hin 1 danh sch chn la kiu nh dng ca cc nc (Mc nh l English (United State) ly theo tiu chuNn M). Khi chn 1 nc khc cc mc bn di th hin kiu nh dng ca nc .- Hoc t to ch mc nh ring bng cch nhn chn nt nhn Customize. 38. 36 NHP MN TIN HC nh dng kiu s (N umbers): V d mu v s Du phn cch s l S ch s l Du phn cch hng n v Chn dng hin th (phn cch) Gi tr m Chn dng hin th (s m) Chn dng hin th (s l) Du phn cch danh sch n v o 39. NHP MN TIN HC - 37Trong hu ht cc ca s bn thng thy c 3 nt nhn (OK, Cancel, Apply) phadi, cng dng ca n nh sau:- N t OK: chp nhn gi tr sa i trong 1 ca s v khng lm vic vi ca s na (ng ca s)- N t Cancel: khng chp nhn gi tr sa i v ng ca s- N t Apply: p dng cc gi tr sa i, v tip tc lm vic vi ca s hay tiptc sa i cc gi tr. (S dng trong trng hp mun th s th hin cc gi trthay i)nh dng kiu tin t (Currency) V d mu v tin tK t i din cho tin tGi tr dngGi tr mDu phn cch s lS ch s lDu phn cch hng n vChn dng hin th (phn cch)nh dng kiu gi:V d mu v thi gianChn kiu hin th thi gianDu phn cch gia gi, pht, giyK t i din cho 12 gi trc (t 0h-12h)K t i din cho 12 gi sau (t 12h-24h) 40. 38 NHP MN TIN HC nh dng kiu ngyV d mu v thi gianV d mu v ngy (kiu ngn)Chn dng hin th ngy (kiu ngn)Du phn cch gia ngy, thng, nmV d mu v ngy (kiu chi tit)Chn dng hin thi ngy (kiu di)5.2 iu chnh cch hin th mn hnh Desktop lm vic vi Applet iu khin cc xc lp mn hnh desktop nhn chut ln biutng "Apperance and Themes" phn bn phi ca ca s Control Panel thay i sau: 41. NHP MN TIN HC - 39Thay i themesN hn chn mc "Change the computers theme" xut hin ca s "DisplayProperties" nh sau:Trong mc Themes chn cc kiu nh:Themes ca Windows XP (hiu chnh)Chn Themes hin tiThemes ca Windows XPThemes ca Windows c inChn Themes trn mngChn Themes t ng dnV d trong mc ny nu chn Windows Classic ( chuyn giao din Windows XPtr v giao din ca Windows trc h 97, 98)), cng dng ca cc nt nhn nh OK,Cancel, Apply nh sau:- N t OK: chp nhn giao din Windows c in v ng ca s Display Properties- N t Cancel: khng chp nhn giao din Windows c in v ng ca s DisplayProperties- N t Apply: thay i giao din Windows c in, v tip tc lm vic vi ca sDisplay Properties m khng ng ca s li.Thay i mu nn ca mn hnh DesktopN hn chn mc "Change the desktop background" xut hin ca s "DisplayProperties" nh sau: 42. 40 NHP MN TIN HC Trong mc Background chn 1 hnh nh trong danh sch hnh hin th trn mn hnh desktop. Khi chn hnh nh khc trong danh sch mn hnh pha trn minh ho hnh nh mi c hin th trn mn hnh. N u mun chn 1 hnh nh no c sn trn a bn c th nhn nt Browse tm ng dn chn nh mun hin th trn mn hnh. Ta thy mt s nh c kch thc nh hn kch thc mn hnh nn khng ph ton b mn hnh nn: - Lc ta mi c th thy mu nn ca mn hnh, chn mu nn mn hnh N hn chn trong mc Color. - iu chnh hnh nh sao cho c th ph ton b mn hnh nn bn chn trong mc Position: Center: hnh nh hin th theo ng kch thc tht ca nh Title: hnh nh hin th theo ng kch thc tht nhng phn cn li ca mn hnh nn c ph thm sao cho y mn hnh Strech: hnh nh c iu chnh co gin sao cho lp y mn hnh nn Chn ch ngh ca mn hnh Desktop Chn ch ngh trong mc Screen Saver v quan st s thay i trn mn hnh minh ho. Mun chy th Sceen Saver trn mn hnh ln nht nt Preview. Trong mc Wait cha gi tr thi gian kch hot ch Screen Saver. V d trn y l 10 pht, c ngha l nu mn hnh ngh khng lm vic trong vng 10 pht Screen Saver s c kch hot. Khi ang chy ch Screen Saver mun tr v mn hnh lm vic bnh thng thao tc n gin l di chuyn chut hay nhn 1 phm bt k trn bn phm. N hn chn mc "Choose a Screen Saver" xut hin ca s "Display Properties" sau: 43. NHP MN TIN HC - 41Thay i kiu ca s mn hnh DesktopTrong ca s Display Properties chn ngn "Appearance" ca s "Display Properties"thay i nh sau: 44. 42 NHP MN TIN HC- Loi Windows hin th (Windows and buttons): chn 1 trong 2 kiu Windows XP vWindows c in (Windows classic style)- Mu ca ca s (Color scheme): Default (blue): mc nh ca s xut hin c mu xanh dng Olive Green: giao din Windows xut hin c mu xanh lu Silver: giao din Windows xut hin c mu bc.- Kch c ch trong ca s (Font size) N ormal: kch c ch dng trung bnh Large Fonts: kch c ch dng ln Extra large Fonts: kch c ch dng ln hn (dng cho nhng ngi khim th)- N t nhn Effect: mt s hiu qu khc trong giao din Windows- N t nhn Advanced: thay i nhng chi tit trn ca s nh: ca s c kchhot, ca s cha kch hot, thanh trnh n, thanh trt ngang, thanh trt dc, hphi thoi, -3D Objects: i tng hin th dng 3 chiu-Active Title Bar: Thanh tiu ca ca s ang kch hot-Active Window Border: Khung ca ca s ang kch hot-Application Background: mu nn ca ng dng-Caption Buttons: tiu ca nt nhn 45. NHP MN TIN HC - 43- Desktop: mn hnh nn- Icon: biu tng- Icon Spacing (Horizontal): khong cch tnh theo chiu ngang- Icon Spacing (Vertical): khong cch tnh theo chiu dc- Inactive Title Bar: Thanh tiu ca ca s khng c kch hot- Inactive Window Border: Khung ca ca s khng c kch hot- Menu: Thanh trnh n- Message Box: Hp thng ip- Palette Title: tiu ca bng mu Palette- Scrollbar: Thanh trt (ngang, dc)- Selected Items: Phn t c chn- ToolTip: Li gii thch ca 1 i tng khi di chuyn chut ngang qua i tng- Window: mu nn v mu ch trong ca sThay i phn gii mn hnh DesktopN hn chn mc "Change the screen resolution" xut hin ca s "DisplayProperties" nh sau:- Gii php v mn hnh (Screen resolution): c cc ch sau: 800 by 600 pixels: chiu ngang 800 im nh chiu dc 600 im nh 1024 by 768 pixels: chiu ngang 1024 im nh chiu dc 768 im nh 1152 by 864 pixels: chiu ngang 1152 im nh chiu dc 864 im nh 1280 by 1024 pixels: chiu ngang 1280 im nh chiu dc 1024 im nh 1600 by 1200 pixels: chiu ngang 1600 im nh chiu dc 1200 im nh 46. 44 NHP MN TIN HC Khi chn phn gii cao cc i tng trn mn hnh nh i nn hin th c nhiu i tng, ngc li vi phn gii thp cc i tng hin th ln hn nn hin th t i tng hn. phn gii ca mn hnh ph thuc vo card mn hnh trn my tnh. - Cht lng mu sc (Color quanlity): c cc ch sau: Medium (16 bit): ch trung bnh c 16bit High (24 bit): ch mn c 24 bit Highest (32 bit): ch mn nht c 32 bit Khi nhn nt Apply thay i trc tip s thay i, trong mc ny Windows s thng bo bn phi ch 15 giy Windows hin th. (mn hnh tt khong 15 giy ri bt tr li. 47. NHP MN TIN HC - 45 Chng 5: H IU HNH MS-DOS1.H iu hnh MS-Dos:H iu hnh MS DOS do hng Microsoft sn xut, c cc chc nng sau:-To giao din ngi v my-So snh, sao chp, a ra, xo, i tn cc tp tin trn a-T chc phn chia a (khi to a)-Son tho trn cc tp tin vn bn-1.1 Cc thnh phn ca MS-Dos:ROM Bios (Basic Input Output System): nm ti ROM chung cho mi OS trn PC,gm nhiu chng trnh con vi chc nng:- Kim tra b nh v cc thit b ngoi vi- Khi ng h iu hnh (kim tra a sn sng cha )- Cc chng trnh iu khin thit b ngoi viBoot record: nm ti sector u tin ca DOS c nh trn rnh u tin vi chcnng:- Khi ng chng trnh np 2 module (IO.SYS & MSDOS.SYS)io.sys: trn a DOS c Boot record np vo b nh (file Nn) vi chc nng- B sung v cung cp nhng m rng cho ROMBIOS- iu khin a cng v thit b ngoi vi- D thay i ni dungMsdos.sys: trn a DOS c Boot record np vo b nh (file Nn) vi chc nng- Cha cc chng trnh phc v khng lin quan n thit b I/O- Sp xp cc file, ng m file Command.com: trn a DOS c Boot record np vo khi cn thit vi chcnng - Phn tch v x l lnh do ngi dng nhp vo - Thc hin file c ui BAT - Cha cc lnh thng trExternal command: chnh l cc file chng trnh dng: *.COM, *.EXE - Thc hin cc dch v khi c yu cu1.2 Mt s khi nim c bn:N p Dos hay khi ng my: Mun khi ng my ta phi c 1 a h thng hay cn gi l a khi ng, 1 a l a h thng phi c ti thiu 3 tp tin io.sys, msdos.sys v command.com C 2 cch khi ng my:- Khi ng t a mm (thng c tn l a A) ta lm nh sau: Chn a h thng vo A Bt cng tc ngun v mn hnh, ch n khi mn hnh xut hin du nhc lnh A:>- Khi ng t a cng (thng c tn l a C): ta phi chc chn rng trong a A khng c a (nu c a bn phi ly a ra khi a) sau bt cngtc ngun v mn hnh ch n khi mn hnh xut hin du nhc lnh A:> 48. 46 NHP MN TIN HC T chc a: - Tn a: h iu hnh nhn din ra a cng thng qua tn ca chng, a mm c tn l A hay B. Cc a khc c tn bt u t C, D, E, - thay i a lm vic ta ch cn g tn a cn chuyn n du : v g phm Enter ( ) Vd: chuyn sang a C trn dng lnh A:>C: ( )C php cc lnh ca DOSCc lnh Dos c dng nh sau: tnlnh [tham s 1[tham s 2]] y tn lnh v cc tham s phi cch nhau bi t nht mt du cch (khongtrng) cc tham s c th chia lm 2 loi: + Bt buc + Khng bt buc (c t trong cp du [])2. Cc lnh thng dng ca MS-Dos:2.1 Lnh ni tr:Lnh ni tr l nhng lnh c ti t ng vo b nh trong khi khi ng my v cmt thng trc trong b nh.Lnh xo mn hnhLnh xo mn hnh v a con tr mn hnh v gc trn bn triC php: Clr( )Lnh chuyn a hin thiChuyn sang a lm vic khcC php: D:( ) gi s chuyn sang a DV d:Trc khi thc hin lnhsau khi thc hin lnh A:>C:( ) C:> C:>D:( ) D:>Lnh DirXem ni dung ca 1 th mc, c ngha l hin th danh sch cc tp tin v cc thmc con nm trong th mc .C php: Dir [D:][path][file][/p][/w]- Dir l t kho (t quy nh sn bi Dos )- D l tn a- Path l ng dn n th mc- File l tn tp tin cn hin th (nu khng tm thy my s hin th thng boFile not found)- /p tham s ny a vo khi mun xem tng trang mn hnh mt- /w tham s ny c dng khi ch mun xem tn tp tin v tn th mcV d: gi s a C l a ang lm vic ta c du nhc Dos C:>C:>Dir A: hin th cc th mc v tp tin trong a AC:>Dir C:BaiTap hin th cc th mc v tp tin trong th mc C:BaiTapC:>Dir C:config.sys hin th thng tin v tp tin config.sysLnh MDTo th mc con trong th mc gcC php: MD[D:][path]tn th mc( ) 49. NHP MN TIN HC - 47V d:C:>MD C:BaiTapto th mc BaiTap trong a CC:>MD C:BaiTapTinHoc to th mc TinHoc trong th mc C:BaiTapLu : trong trng hp ti th mc C:BaiTap tn ti 1 tp tin hoc 1 th mccon c trng tn vi tn th mc mi lc h thng s bo li cant createsubdirectory ngha l khng th to th mc con Lnh CD chuyn th mc lm vic sang th mc khc trong cng 1 a C php: CD path( ) V d: Trc khi thc hin lnhsau khi th hin lnhC:>CD BaiTapC:BaiTap>C:BaiTap>CD TinHocC:BaiTapTinHoc> Ch : c 2 dng c bit ca lnh CD l:- CD.. chuyn v th mc m ca th mc hin hnh- CD chuyn v th mc gc ca a hin hnh Lnh RD Xo b mt th mc c ch ra cui ng dn C php: RD[D:][path]( ) V d: RD C:BaiTapTinHoc s loi b th mc con TinHoc Ch : mun xo c mt th mc cn phi c 2 iu kin:- Th mc cn xo phi rng- Th mc khng phi l th mc hin hnh hoc cha th mc hin hnh,chng hn lnh sau s bo li:C:BaiTapAnhVan>RD AnhVanHoc C:BaiTapAnhVan>RD C:BaiTapLnh CopySao chp mt hay nhiu tp tin t ni ny sang ni khcC php: Copy [D1:][path1]file1 [D2:][path2][file2]( )D1: tn a ni cha tp tin cn sao i (mc nh l a hin hnh)Path1: ch ng dn n tp tin cn sao iFile1: tn tp tin sao i (nu khng tm thy h thng s bo li)D2: tn a s cha file ch (mc nh l a hin thi)Path2: ch ng dn n tp tin chFile2: tn tp tin ch (mc nh l File1)V d:C:>Copy C:Bai1.exe A:ThucHanh (n th mc ThucHanh trong A) Ch :- sao chp nhiu tp tin mt ln, ngi ta s dng cc k t i din * (i din nhiu k t) v ? (i din 1 k t) V d: C:>Copy C:Bai1.* A:ThucHanh (chp cc tp tin c phn tn l Bai1 cn phn m rng l bt k nh Bai1.exe, Bai1.txt, sang th mc ThucHanh trong a A) 50. 48 NHP MN TIN HC Copy C:BaiTapBai?.doc A: (chp cc tp tin c 3 k t vi phn m rng l doc t th mc C:BaiTap sang a A v d nh Bai1.doc, Bai2.doc, )- C th dng lnh Copy to 1 tp tin vn bn qua bn phm bng cch sau T du nhc h thng g lnh: Copy con [D:][path]tn tp tin G ni dung tp tin (phn bt buc, dng phm Enter xung dng) G F6 (Hay Ctrl+Z)Lnh DelXo 1 hay nhiu tp tinC php: Del [D:][path]file( )D l tn a cha tp tin (mc nh l a hin hnh)Path l ng dn n tp tinFile l tn tp tin cn xo (nu khng c s bo li)V d:C:>Del C:BaiTapthidu.doc xo tp tin thidu.dos trong th mc BaiTapCh : xo nhiu tp tin dng cc k t i din nh trnLnh TypeHin th ni dung ca tp tin vn bn ln mn hnhC php: Type [D:][path]fileD l tn a cha tp tin (mc nh l a hin hnh)Path l ng dn n tp tinFile l tn tp tin cn xem ni dung (nu khng c s bo li)V d:C:>Type C:config.sysHin th ni dung ca tp tin config.sysCh : c th dng lnh ny in C php: Type [D:][path]file > PRNLnh Date, TimeXem ngy thng, thi gian, nu cn cng c th hiu chnh chngC php Date( ) Time( )Khi thc hin lnh ta c thng bo sau:Current date is mm-dd-yyCurrent time is hh:mm:ssEnter new date (mm-dd-yy) Enter new time (hh:mm:ss)Lc ny c th g gi tr ngy thng hay thi gian mi hay nhn Enter chpnhn gi tr hin thi ca h thng2.2 Lnh ngoi tr:Lnh ngoi tr l nhng lnh khng nm thng trc b nh trong m nm trn adi dng nhng tp tinLnh nh dng aLnh to (ti to li) khun dng cho aC php: [D1:][path]format [D2:][/s]D1: tn a cha tp tin Format.comPath: ng dn n tp tin Format.comD2: tn a mun nh dng (format)/s: nu mun to a h thngTrc khi format, my thng bo tt c d liu trn a s b mt. 51. NHP MN TIN HC - 49Lnh SysTo a h thngC php: [D1:][path]sys D: ( )D: tn a ni cha a m ta mun tr thnh a h thng Lnh Attrib t thuc tnh cho tp tin, nm c ngha ca lnh ny ta cp i cht v khi nim thuc tnh ca 1 tp tin. Mt tp tin c th c 4 thuc tnh sau:- Archive (A) lu tr: cc tp tin c th lu tr, cp nht, xo, thay i ni dung v tn gi bt c lc no- Read only (R) ch c: ch cho php ngi s dng c ni dung v thc hin chng trnh, khng cho php xo hay thay i ni dung ca tp tin ny, nh cho php sao chp v i tn.- Hidden (H) Nn: cc tp tin b Nn do khng c tc dng i vi cc lnh Dir, Del, Copy, Ren.- System (S) h thng: cc tp tin h thng, ng thi chng c thm thuc tnh Hidden v Read only.Cc tp tin c to ra mc nh c thuc tnh ArchiveC php: [D:][path]Archive [+a/-a][+r/-r][+h/-h][+s/-s] file Cc thuc tnh c du + c gn cn du - bV d:Attrib +r nc.exe gn thuc tnh ch c cho tp tin nc.exeLnh DiskcopyTo ra mt bn sao ging ht nh a ngunC php: [D1:][path]Diskcopy D2: D3( )D2: tn a cha a ngunD3: tn a cha a chLnh PathN h trnh by trn, cc tp tin chng trnh c th thc hin trong Dos l cctp tin c phn m rng l Exe hay Com. Cc tp tin ny hoc l cc thnh phnca Dos hoc l cc ng dng vit trong mi trng Dos nhm gii quyt 1 biton no . thc hin chng trc tin ta phi chuyn chng n th mc chachng ri mi g lnh thc hin chng. Tuy nhin vic s dng lnh CD gy ranhiu phin toi. Lnh Path cho php my t ng tm kim v tr ca cc tp tinchng trnh ny v thc hin chng m khng nht thit phi nh v li th mccha chng.C php: Path path1;path2; ;pathnSau khi thc hin lnh Path danh sch cc ng dn c ch ra trong lnh sc h iu hnh ghi nh li. Khi ta pht lnh thc hin 1 chng trnh no ,Dos s tm tp tin trc tin trong th mc ngm nh, nu khng tm thy hiu hnh s tm tp tin ti cc ng dn c ghi nh trong lnh Path. 52. 50 NHP MN TIN HCChng 6: VIRUS CCH PHNG v DIT1. Virus v tc hi:Virus my tnh l mt chng trnh my tnh c kh nng t sao chp chnh n t i tng ly nhim ny sang i tng khc (i tng c th l cc tp tin chng trnh, vn bn, a mm...), v chng trnh mang tnh ph hoi. Virus c nhiu cch ly lan, nhiu cch ph hoi, hay ni cch khc on chng trnh dng phc v nhng mc ch khng tt. Virus my tnh do con ngi to ra, qu thc cho n ngy nay c th coi n tr thnh nh nhng bnh dch cho nhng chic my tnh, chng ta l nhng ngi bc s, phi lun chin u vi bnh dch v tm ra nhng phng php mi hn ch v tiu dit chng.2. Cch phng v dit Virus: Hin nay c rt nhiu loi virus my tnh xut hin v cc hnh thc ph hoi ca chng cng rt a dng v ngy cng nguy him. V th, vic nghi ng v phng virus tn cng my tnh dng nh tr thnh mt phn x t nhin mi khi gp mt vn l khi s dng my tnh.Tuy nhin khng phi tt c nhng s c trn my tnh u do virus gy ra v x l phi mt rt nhiu thi gian m khng t c kt qu g nu chng ta cho rng l do virus.N u mun tm hiu su hn v virus v vic phng chng chng, bn cn tm hiu thm mt s kin thc v cc loi virus my tnh:Virus BootKhi bn bt my tnh, mt on chng trnh nh trong a khi ngca bn s c thc thi. on chng trnh ny c nhim v np h iu hnhm bn mun (Windows, Linux hay Unix...). on m ni trn thng c trn cng ca a khi ng, v chng c gi l "Boot sector". N hng virusly vo Boot sector th c gi l virus Boot.Virus Boot thng ly lan qua a mm l ch yu. N gy nay t khi dng amm lm a khi ng my v vy s lng virus Boot khng nhiu nh trc.Tuy nhin, mt iu rt t hi l chng ta li thng xuyn qun a mm trong a v v tnh khi bt my, a mm tr thnh a khi ng, iu g xy ranu chic a c cha virus Boot?Virus FileL nhng virus ly vo nhng file chng trnh nh .com, .exe, .bat, .pif, .sys...Virus MacroL loi virus ly vo nhng file vn bn (Microsoft Word) hay bng tnh(Microsoft Excel) v c (Microsoft Powerpoint) trong b Microsoft Office. Macrol nhng on m gip cho cc file ca Office tng thm mt s tnh nng, c thnh mt s cng vic sn c vo trong macro y, v mi ln gi macro l ccphn c sn ln lt c thc hin, gip ngi s dng gim bt thao tc. C thhiu nm na vic dng Macro ging nh vic ta ghi li cc thao tc, ri sau cho t ng lp li cc thao tc vi ch mt lnh duy nht. 53. NHP MN TIN HC - 51Con nga Thnh T-roa - Trojan Horse Thut ng ny da vo mt in tch c, l cuc chin gia ngi HyLp v ngi thnh T-roa. Thnh T-roa l thnh kin c, qun Hy Lp khngth t nhp vo. N gi ta ngh ra mt k gi v ging ho, sau tng thnhT-roa mt con nga g khng l. Sau khi nga c a vo trong thnh, mxung nhng qun lnh t trong bng nga xng ra v nh chim thnh t bntrong.Phng php trn cng chnh l cch m cc Trojan my tnh p dng. utin k vit ra Trojan bng cch no la cho i phng s dng chng trnhca mnh, khi chng trnh ny chy th v b ngoi cng nh nhng chng trnhbnh thng (mt tr chi, hay l nhng mn bn pho hoa p mt ) Song songvi qu trnh , phn virus ca Trojan s b mt ci t ln my. n mt thiim nh trc chng trnh c th s ra tay xo d liu, hay gi nhng th cnthit cho ch nhn ca n trn mng ( Vit N am tng rt ph bin vic lycp mt khNu truy nhp Internet ca ngi s dng v gi b mt cho ch nhn cacc Trojan). Khc vi virus, Trojan l mt on m chng trnh hon ton khng ctnh cht ly lan n ch c th c ci t bng cch ngi to ra n "la" nnnhn. Cn virus th t ng tm kim nn nhn ly lan. Thng thng cc phn mm c cha Trojan c phn phi nh l ccphn mm tin ch, phn mm mi hp dn, nhm d thu ht ngi s dng. Vvy bn hy cNn thn vi nhng iu mi l, hp dn nhng khng r ngun gc!Su Internet WormSu Internet -Worm qu l mt bc tin ng k v ng s na ca virus.Worm kt hp c sc ph hoi ca virus, s b mt ca Trojan v hn ht l s lylan ng s m nhng k vit virus trang b cho n. Mt k ph hoi vi v khti tn, tiu biu nh Mellisa hay Love Letter. Vi s ly lan ng s chng lm t lit hng lot cc h thng my ch, lm ch tc ng truyn.Worm thng pht tn bng cch tm cc a ch trong s a ch (Addressbook) ca my m n ang ly nhim, thng l a ch ca bn b, ngithn, khch hng... ca ch my. Tip n, n t gi chnh n cho nhng a chm n tm thy, tt nhin vi a ch ngi gi l chnh bn, ch s hu ca chicmy. iu nguy him l nhng vic ny din ra bn khng h bit, ch khi bnnhn c thng bo l bn gi virus cho bn b, ngi thn th bn mi v lrng my tnh ca mnh b nhim virus (m cha chc bn tin nh th!!?). Vicch hon ton tng t trn nhng my nn nhn, Worm c th nhanh chng lylan trn ton cu theo cp s nhn, iu l gii ti sao ch trong vng vi tingng h m Mellisa v Love Letter li c th ly lan ti hng chc triu my tnhtrn ton cu. Ci tn ca n Worm hay "Su Internet" cho ta hnh dung ra vicnhng con virus my tnh "b" t my tnh ny qua my tnh khc trn cc "cnhcy" Internet. Vi s ly lan nhanh v rng ln nh vy, Worm thng c ngi vit rachng ci thm nhiu tnh nng c bit, chng hn nh chng c th nh cngmt ngy gi v ng lot t cc my nn nhn (hng triu my) tn cng vo mta ch no , my ch c mnh n my th trc mt cuc tn cng tng lcnh vy th cng phi b tay. N goi ra, chng cn c th cho php ch nhn cachng truy nhp vo my ca nn nhn v c th lm mi th nh ngi trnmy mt cch bt hp php. 54. 52 NHP MN TIN HC y ch c th ni s qua v phn loi virus nhm cung cp cho cc bnmt cch nhn nhn ng n v virus my tnh, t s c nhng phngphp hu hiu ngn chn chng.3. Gii thiu cc chng trnh dit Virus:3.1 Chng trnh dit virus Bkav:Bn c th tm thy chng trnh ny trang web www.bkav.com.vn Chn a: - a A - a C (cha cc chng trnh nn rt quan trng) - Chn nhiu a: k c mng, s a tu thuc vo h thng. Bn chn cc a bng cch check vo cc tu chn. - Chn th mc: ch qut ring cho th mc, tit kim thi gian.Chng trnh dit virus Bkav cp nht ngy 12/09/2005Chn kiu File:- File chng trnh: gm cc file chy c trong Windows- File vn bn: gm cc File ca b Microsoft Office Word, Excel, ...- Tt c cc File: qut tt c cc file trong vng a c chn.- Tt c cc Macro: Vit N am khng c nhiu ngi dng n cc macro, v vy Bkav c mt tuchn l dit "Tt c cc Macro", khi chn tu chn ny th Bkav s xo tt ccc macro c trong my m khng cn bit chng c phi l virus hay khng,iu ny ng ngha vi vic tt c cc virus macro c trong my cng s bdit theo. N h vy, nu bn c s dng macro cho cng vic ca mnh thkhng nn chn tu chn ny (khi khng dng tu chn ny th bkav ch ditnhng macro c xc minh chnh xc l virus), cn nu bn khng dngn macro hay cng chng n l ci g (tc l bn khng dng n chng)th bn nn dng tu chn ny, n s gip bn loi b ni lo vi nhng virusmacro bt k chng va xut hin (ng ngha vi vic cha c phn mm dit 55. NHP MN TIN HC - 53 virus no nhn din c chnh xc n l virus) hay xut hin lu (ng ngha vi vic c cc phn mm dit virus nhn din chnh xc). La chn khc: - Dit khng cn hi: khi pht hin virus, chng trnh s t ng dit lun khng ch kin ngi s dng. Bn c th chn chc nng ny, cho my qut v c th lm vic khc m khng phi ch rng s phi n chc nng dit mi khi BKAV pht hin ra Virus. - Sao lu trc khi dit: trc khi dit virus trn file, th cc file nhim virus s c sao lu li trong th mc Program FilesBkav2002 Backup phng trng hp ri ro. Qu trnh sao lu s khng din ra khi dung lng cng cha th mc back up ny cn li < 50MB. Sau 15 ngy, cc file sao lu ny s t ng c xo i tit kim cho dung lng ca b nh. - N p lc khi ng: Bkav s c chy khi bn bt u khi ng xong h iu hnh Windows ca bn. - English Interface: la chn ny s chuyn ngn ng gia ting Vit v ting Anh trong giao din ca chng trnh.3.2 Cc chng trnh dit virus khc:N goi ra cn c rt nhiu chng trnh dit virus nh: AntiVirus, Mcakfee, D2, 56. 54 NHP MN TIN HC BI TPDESKTOP1. Ko biu tng Recycle Bin n gc di bn phi mn hnh (bng cch r chut nu khi th chut biu tng vn nm l v tr c nhn phi chut ln vng trng trn desktop b chn mc Arrange Icon by/Auto Arrange). Sau c th ko cc biu tng n v tr bt k trn mn hnh desktop2. Sp xp cc biu tng Icon mt cch t ng trn desktop (nhn phi chut ln desktop chn mc Arrange Icon By/Auto Arrange)3. Thay i v tr cc biu tng My Computer, My Documents, Recycle Bin ln v tr u tin, th 2, th 3 tnh t trn xung.4. To cc shortcut trn desktop ca cc chng trnh sau: Mspaint.exe, Sol.exe, Charmap.exe, N otepad.exe (Cc chng trnh c trong th mc C:Windows System32 v Exploer.exe c trong C:Windows). Ln lt m tng biu tng v ng li.5. Xo cc biu tng va to trn (N hn phi chut ln tng biu tng chn Delete sau nhn chn Delete Shortcut xc nhn xo)6. Dn sch st rc (N hn phi chut vo st rc, chn Empty Recycle Bin)7. To trn desktop 5 th mc vi tn TOAN , LY, HOA (N hn chut phi ln vng trng ca mn hnh desktop chn N ew/Folder v t tn cho chng ln lt l TOAN , LY, HOA. Lu : nu nhp sai tn mun sa c th nhn F2 trn bn phm nhp li) - M th mc TOAN , LY, HOA (N hn p chut ln tng biu tng m) - To thm 2 th mc con BaitapToan, BaihocToan vo th mc Toan (To 2 thmc con bng cch chn menu File/Folder v t tn) - Sao chp 2 th mc con BaitapToan, BaihocToan sang th mc LY (chn menuEdit Copy ca s th mc TOAN , chn menu Edit Paste ca s th mc LY) - Di chuyn 2 th mc con BaitapToan, BaihocToan t th mc LY sang HOA vi tn thnh BaitapHoa, BaihocHoa (bng cch ko th di chuyn v nhn F2trn bn phm ln th mc con i tn) - Thay i kch thc tng ca s sao cho mi ca s hin th 1/3 mn hnh desktop( thay i kch thc ca s di chuyn chut n bin v r chut n v tr thchhp) - ng 3 ca s ca th mc TOAN , LY, HOA - To 2 th mc con BaitapLy, BaihocLy trn mn hnh desktop (ging to 3 th mcTOAN , LY, HOA) - Di chuyn 2 th mc con BaitapLy, BaihocLy vo th mc LY (bng cch ko th) - Phc hi li thao tc trc thao tc ko th mc BaihocLy vo th mc LY nghal th mc BaihocLy s quay tr v mn hnh Desktop (N hn Ctrl+Z trn bnphm)9. S dng lnh tm kim StartSearch: tm kim 1 hay nhiu tp tin (file) hay th mc (folders) no v d tm file Mspaint.exe trn a C: - N hn chn StartSearchAll file or folders - G tn file Mspaint.exe vo All or Part of the file name. - Chn a cn tm l C: - Chn mc More Advanced Option/Search Subfolder tm c folder cp thp - Cui cng nhn nt Search, khi tm thy s lit k bn phi 57. NHP MN TIN HC - 55 - To shortcut Mspaint.exe ln desktop (N hn phi chut ln Mspaint trong ca s Search chn Copy, a chut ra desktop nhn phi chut chn Paste) - Xo biu tng Mspaint trn desktop - Phc hi li shortcut Mspaint (N hn p chut ln biu tng st rc Recycle Bin, chn biu tng Mspaint trong danh sch gi lnh File/Restore. ng ca s Recycle Bin li v quan st trn desktop s thy biu tng xut hin li)THANH TASKBAR1. Di chuyn thanh Taskbar n cc cnh ca mn hnh (lu khng nhn chut ti v tr Start r chut n cc gc mn hnh), sau cng chuyn v v tr c (cnh di mn hnh)2. Quy nh cho Taskbar lun lun nm pha trc cc ca s v t ng Nn (nhn phi chut ln vng trng trn thanh TaskBar chn Properties/TaskBar nh du chn trong mc Auto hide the taskbar)3. M ca s Wordpad bng cch chn lnh Start/Run (t menu Start chn Run nhp Wordpad.exe trong mc Open nhn OK) sau ng li (nhn chut ln nt close gc phi)4. M ca s WordPad t menu Start (nhn nt Start/All Programs/Accessories /WordPad) sau ng li (nhn Alt+F4 trn bn phm)5. M chng trnh Solitaire t menu Run trong Start (kch hot thanh Start chn lnh Run, nhp sol.exe trong mc Open, nhn OK)6. Xo cc tn file c trong My Recent Document ca menu (nhn phi chut ti Start chn Properties/Start Menu.Customize/Advanced/Clear List)7. Chuyn chng trnh Paint t menu Start ra mn hnh desktop (Cch 1: kch hot menu Start/All Program/Accessories/Paint nhn chut ln Paint v r chut ra khi mn hnh desktop. Cch 2: nhn chut phi ln Paint trong menu Start chn Send to/Desktop)8. Di chuyn chng trnh Calculator t Start/All Programs/Accessories sang Start/All Programs (nhn chut ln Calculator v r chut sang tri t v tr trn cng ca thanh trnh n All Programs)9. Di chuyn biu tng Icon bt k t mn hnh desktop vo thanh trnh n Start (nhn chn biu tng trn mn hnh desktop r chut n thanh trnh n Start m Start v t v tr bt k)10. M chng trnh Disk Defragmenter t thanh menu Start (Start/AllPrograms/Accessories/System Tools/Disk Defragmenter.11. Sp xp cc menu con trong menu Start/All Programs theo th t alphabet (N hnchut phi ln thanh All Programs chn Sort by name)12. Xo 1 menu con Internet Explore thanh menu Start (nhn phi chut ln menu conInternet Explore chn Delete sau nht Yes xc nhn xo)MY COMPUTER1. Thu cc tiu (Minimize) ca ca s v m li t thanh Taskbar2. Phng to (Maximize) hay phc hi li trng thi c (Restore Down) ca ca s (nhn nt th 2 trn gc phi trn ca ca s) 58. 56 NHP MN TIN HC3. phng to hay phc hi li trng thi c (nhn p chut ln thanh tiu ca ca s)4. iu ch sao cho kch thc ca n chim mn hnh5. Chuyn giao din ca ca s My Computer ging ca s Explore (View/Explper bar/Folders)6. M thm ca s Recycle Bin, My Documents7. Phng to (Maximize) ca s My Documents, ca s Recycle Bin b che khut, m li ca s My Documents trn thanh Taskbar.8. Sp chng cnh nhau theo chiu dc: nhn phi chut vo thanh TaskBar xut hin menu chn - Tile Windows Vertically (sp xp cc ca s theo phng thng ng) - Tile Window Horizontally (sp xp cc ca s cnh nhau theo chiu ngang) - Cascade Windows (sp xp cc ca s chng cht ln nhau)EXPLORER1. Th hin cc biu tng ca s bn phi theo cc dng Titles, Icons, List, Detail, Thumbnails. (View/Titles Thumbnails) v theo th t ca kiu file (View/Arrange Icons by/Type)2. To th mc con ThucHanh trong a D, tm cch sao chp file Calc.exe t C:System32 sang th mc ThucHanh. Khi ng chng trnh Calculator va sao chp trong th mc ThucHanh.3.Hin th thanh trng thi (View/status Bar) v thanh a ch (View/Toolbars/ Address Bar)4. M ca s Display Properties (Cch 1: Control Panel. Cch 2: nhn chut phi ln vng trng ca desktop chn Properties) - Thay i thuc tnh mu ca thanh tiu ca s ang kch hot (Active Title Bar) thnh mu (Display Properties/Appearance nhn chut ln nt nhn Advance chn mc Item l Active Title Bar v thay i color 1 thnh mu ) - Thay i phn gii ca mn hnh 800x600 v 1024x768 (Display Properties/Settings chn trong mc Screen resolution) - To Screen Save vi tn ca bn c chay trn mn hnh (Display Properties/Screen Saver chn trong mc Screen Saver l 3D Text nhn chn nt Settings nhp tn bn trong phn Custom Text) v chy th trn mn hnh ln - Thay i hnh nn bng hnh nn c trong th mc C:Windows (Display Properties/Desktop chn nt Browse chuyn n th mc C:Windows v chn 1 hnh bt k)5. Lm vic vi chut trong ca s Control Panel: - Thay i cch hin th con chut dng 3 chiu (Trong Control Panel chn Printerand other Hardware chn Mouse. Ca s Mouse Properties xut hin chn mcchn ngn Pointer trong mc scheme chn 3D-Bronze) - Thay i tc di chuyn chut nhanh chm (Trong ca s Mouse Propertieschn ngn Poiter option trong mc Motion thay i thanh trt) - Xut hin cc du vt chut khi di chuyn chut (Trong ca s Mouse Propertieschn ngn Poiter option trong mc Visibility nh du chn vo mc DisplayPointer trails)