4 theories…. social contract theory by social contract – people within a given area agreed to...

4 Theories…

Social Contract Theory

• By SOCIAL CONTRACT – people within a given area agreed to give up (voluntarily) to the state as much power as was needed to promote the safety and well-being of all

Force Theory

Force Theory

State was born of force

One person/small group claimed control over an area and forced ALL within it to submit to the person’s/group’s rule

When rule was established, all the basic elements of the state were present

Evolutionary

Theory

Evolutionary

Theory

State developed NATURALLY out of the early family

Primitive family (one person was the head - “government”)

Over years, the primitive family became a network of related families [a clan]

The 8 – 20 clans to a tribe

Tribe first turned to agriculture and gave up its nomadic ways (tied to the land)…state

Divine Right Theory

Divine Right Theory

From 15th – 18th century, this was widely accepted in much of Western World

God or a god/gods created the state and God/god(s) had given those of royal birth a

“divine right” to rule

The people were bound to obey their ruler as they would their God/god(s)

Opposition to “the divine right of kings” was both treason and mortal sin

Which theory? What happened?

A name given to the forced relocation of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

The removal included many members of the following tribes, who did not wish to assimilate: Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations, among others, from their homelands to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River.

The Native Americans who chose to stay and assimilate were allowed to become citizens in their states and of the U.S.

What happened?Between 1570 and 16005 tribes (later a 6th added) came together mainly by their desire to stand together against invasion, and advance “peace, civil authority, righteousness, and the great law”

Which theory?

*The tribes united in a common council composed of clan and village chiefs - Each tribe had one vote, and unanimity was required for decisions.

• The joint jurisdiction of 50 peace chiefs (sachems) embraced all civil affairs at the intertribal level.

The Iroquois Confederacy differed from other American Indian confederacies in the northeastern woodlands primarily in being better organized, more consciously defined, and more effective.

Which theory?

Which Theory?What happened?As with many early small communities generally, villages of the Peruvian coastal valleys tended to grow in size. These autonomous (self-sufficient) smaller villages are likely to join as they grow (cross-marriages, for example) , as long as land is available for the settlement. This increase in the number of larger villages occupying a valley probably continued, without giving rise to significant changes in subsistence practices, until all the readily arable land in the valley was being farmed

Features of a

state

Population Territory

Sovereignty

Government

Features of a

state

When we are talking about the state…

• Not Texas, Oregon, Vermont (States) . . . Those are states, but “a state” is something more than that. – Def: is a body of people, living in a defined space,

with the power to make and enforce laws, and with an organization to do this.

does not have to check with any higher authority in order to make and enforce laws. Its own organization, or government, is its highest

authority.

The state –Defined by 4 Things(1) Population

Def: the group of people who are the members or citizens of a state. *Can be large or small

Ex: China has a population of more than 1.3 billion people, while the island state of Fiji has just over 860,000.

The state –Defined by 4 Things(1) Population

The population of a state also has a variety of features.

*might be mainly rural or mostly urban.*A state’s economic situation might mean most people are very poor, with little access to electricity or even water. Or the people might be generally wealthy, enjoying modern homes, running water, and the latest technology. - Often this is connected to the level of education most people within the population have achieved. *Populations also have their own cultural traditions, and they usually speak a common language.

The state –Defined by 4 Things

(2) Territory

Def: the area in which a state’s rule applies.

*A state must have set boundaries. - However, countries do not always agree on what each other’s boundaries are.

The state –Defined by 4 Things

(2) Territory**Boundaries can change over time. - Sometimes they change after a war, when the states involved agree on new boundaries. - When there is a dispute, states might also negotiate with each other to decide what the actual boundaries should be. - States can purchase territory from other states, although this is less common today than it was in the past.

Ex: In 1867, the U.S. bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.

The state –Defined by 4 Things(3) Sovereignty

Def: the ability to rule absolutely within a territory. - all states are considered equal to each other

**no state may interfere in the affairs of another state.

The state –Defined by 4 Things(3) Sovereignty con’t

In our world today, the world’s states have created a higher authority, called the United Nations.

States agree to follow the UN’s rules for dealing with each other — but they don’t have to follow them. **Sovereign states are free to set their own foreign policy, meaning the kind of relationships they will have with other states. **States also have the power to decide how things will operate inside their own boundaries. Today, though, if a state is unable to keep its population safe and many people are being killed—perhaps even by the government—the UN allows other states to use military force to protect the population.

The state –Defined by 4 Things(4) Government

Def: the organization inside a state that controls the actions and policies of the state.

A government (such as United States, specifically) has 6 Main Purposes

Is THAT a STATE?Is the United

States just one big state?

Does it have a population?

YES NO

Does it have a territory? Does it have sovereignty? Does it have government?

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

What about “states” like Pennsylvania or

Ohio? Are they a state?

YES NO

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

Is THAT a sTATE?

Do they have a population? Do they have a territory?

Do they have sovereignty?

Do they have government?

The 50 states can’t make laws that go against the U.S. Constitution…

They have a higher

authority above them!

We the People of the United States…

in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

~ Preamble to the Constitution


in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.~ Preamble to the Constitution

Background – Article of Confederation (1781)(firm league of friendship)

Government was powerless ; intense rivalries and jealousies among States

Link the States and the American People more closely together

IN UNION THERE IS STRENGTH



T.J. – providing justice is “the most sacred of the duties of government”

THE LAW (ITS CONTENT AND ITS ADMINSTRATION)

MUST BE REASONABLE, FAIR, IMPARTIAL



Order is essential to the well-being of any societyKeeping peace at home has always been a prime

function of government

Imagine life with no government, law, or order (anarchy)

If men were angels (quote)…

If men were angels, no government would be necessary.

If men were angels - that is, if men were wholly good and wholly reasonable - there would be no need for government, because every man would behave morally and would respect the rights of others without government or law.

But men are not angels. In addition to his reason, man possesses selfish passions, and sometimes men will follow their passions and hurt other men. Thus there is a need for some way to restrain those selfish passions.

The answer is government. The need for government stems from human nature itself, by the fact that humans by nature are not wholly good, but capable of both good and evil. The purpose of government is to encourage the good tendencies of human nature,

and discourage or regulate the bad.James Madison, Federalist 51



Defending the nation against foreign enemies – major responsibility

The world is a dangerous place…must maintain its vigilance and its armed strength


in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense,

promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.~ Preamble to the Constitution

Government acts as a servant of its citizens

Ex: Public School Quality of air and water and food

The services that government provides are those that benefit all or most people


in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and

secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.~ Preamble to the Constitution

“They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety” ~ Ben Franklin

Liberty is NOT ABSOLUTE – no one can be free to do whatever he or she pleases would interfere with the freedom of others

Many guarantees of rights and liberties in this country BUT does not mean that those guarantees are so firmly established that they

exist forever…Each generation must learn and understand them and willing to stand up for them when necessary

THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN?

A state can’t have less than 30,000 people.

Monaco has only 27,000 people!


The boundaries of a territory can change.


Can you name the three

ways that boundaries

change?


• War

• Negotiation with other countries

• Purchasing land from other countries

Sovereignty means that you have to check with someone above you.


Just the opposite! Sovereignty means there is NO ONE above you!


Government only exists to keep order and provide security.


The 50 states that make up the USA are not considered

independent “states.”


That’s right! They don’t have full sovereignty!


6 Roles of Government

Make

Laws

(Establish

Justice)

Protect the Country

(Common Defense)

Keep Order

(Domestic

Tranquility)

Help

Citizens

(Gen

eral

Welf

are)

Union

Blessings of

Liberty

• file://employee-files.ad.svsd.net/home$/perellahg/Documents/COURSES/Honors%20Government/What%20can%20govt%20do.htm

What is Government and

Origins of the State

“If all men were angels, no government would be necessary”

Federalist 51

4 theories…. social contract theory by social contract – people within a given area agreed to...

Documents

tribe tribe

united states

divine right of kings

early family primitive

vermont states

given area

following tribes

american indian confederacies