4. plant health check procedures - minagric.gr · harmonized import inspection procedures on...

Harmonized import inspection procedures on consignments of third country origin

4. Plant health check procédures4.2. Spécific procedures

4.2.2. PLANTS INTENDED FOR PLANTING

PagePLA 111/96

4. PLANT HEALTH CHECK PROCEDURES

4.2. SPECIFIC PROCEDURES

4.2.2. PLANTS INTENDED FOR PLANTING



4.2.2. PLANTS INTENDED FOR PLANTING4.2.2.1. Choice of the unit of inspection

PagePLA 211/96

4.2.2.1. CHOICE OF THE UNIT OF INSPECTION

When the decision to take the unit of inspection is taken for the plants intended for planting thefollowing conditions must be fixed:

ACCEPTANCELEVEL

As from Article 3, items 1, 2, 3 of the Dir. 77/93/EEC, it isproposed an

ACCEPTANCE LEVELL = 0.00

RISK OFACCEPTANCE(risk to be wrong)

a risk higher than zero is foreseenRISK OF ACCEPTANCE

R = O.1%

INFECTION LEVEL in view of the reliability of the statistical method adopted, it isproposed

INFECTION LEVELT = O.5%

SIZE OF THE UNITOF INSPECTION

The unit of inspection is chosen by using the suitable statisticalmethod, based on the binomial distribution of the probabilities, inorder to obtain a sample representative of the unit to beexamined/lot. In this respect the following table is proposed:

N° of plants of the lot ≤ 200 500 1000 2000 5000 10000 ≥ 14000

n° of plants of the unitof inspection 200 483 745 995 1200 1290 1310

the intermediate values are calculated with an approached determination of related values.



4.2.2. PLANTS INTENDED FOR PLANTING4.2.2.2. Plant health control and measures to be taken

PagePLA 311/96

4.2.2.2.PLANT HEALTH CONTROL AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN:

- In the case of plants in tray, in bunch, etc. the lot is identified normally, by alabel, a commercial firm, a variety or of other external characteristics(different packagings, class of plants, etc).

- Certain plants can be transported in bulk (pallets bins, containers). In thiscase, according to the information of the country of consignment and theprocedures followed by the exporting countries, they can be put in differenthomogeneous lots of one or more units of the consignment.

- The visual examination will concern containers, packagings, plants (physicalstate, transport temperature, conditioning homogeneity , etc) and, ifnecessary, the means of transport, to detect the presence of harmfulorganisms and to check the compliance with the specific requirements.

- Normally the inspection requires the use of basic instruments: hand lens,flashlight, pen knife.

- However the only visual inspection at the point of entry does not make itpossible to detect any occurrence of harmful organisms present in "latent"form (such as viruses, mycoplasmas, nematodes, etc) especially in the case ofplant imports without leaves, flowers, fruit and in a dormant state (Annex IVof the aforementioned directive refers).

- When the inspection is carried out on theunit of inspection (s.GLOSSARY) taken of theunit to be examined/lot (s. GLOSSARY) theplants, constituting this unit, are placed on an inspection table equipped witha magnifying glass and a powerful light, and are examined one by one, or in aplace which makes it possible to examine them in a functional way.

- All plants showing suspect symptoms (seeANNEX of the Vademecum) areexamined. That can involve the observation of the internal tissues. Thisoperation shall be executed with care to avoid killing or injuring the possibleharmful organism or altering the symptoms.




PagePLA 411/96

Plant health check procedure for the plants intended for planting:

===>

A

B

C

D

E

F

the result of the analysis of the decision table of risk determination(s. 4.1.2)indicates low risk (LR)

yesno

the visual inspection on the plants, cartons, trays, pallets, bins orcontainers confirms the absence of signs and symptoms

yesno

the result of the analysis of the decision table of risk determination(s. 4.1.2)indicates medium risk (MR)

yesno

the visual inspection confirm the absence of harmful organism(s)(including the eggs, living larvae, pupae and adults of insects orfungus mycelium) or symptoms of their presence in/or on plants,cartons, trays, pallets, bins or containers of the unit(s) to beexamined which compose the consignment, or, where necessary,the unit of inspection

yesno

the result of the analysis of the decision table of risk determination(s. 4.1.2)indicates high risk (HR)

yesno

the visual inspection confirm the absence of harmful organism(s)(including eggs, living larvae, pupae and adults of insects orfungus mycelium) or symptoms of their presence in/or on plants,cartons, trays, pallets, bins or containers of the unit of inspection

yesno

the visual inspection confirm the absence of harmful organism(s)not listed in the annexes of Dir. 77/93/EEC, or symptoms unknownor not identifiable with certainty (“quality” organisms notconcerned)

yesno

see

AB

KC

CD

KI

EM

FI

KG

G adter having taken sample for expert identification, the suspectedsee




PagePLA 511/96

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

part is identifiable with certainty and can be separated easily fromthe rest of the lot to be subjected to an urgent action (remedialtreatment provided for in itemJ) and the rest of the lot can bereleased

yesno

pending the result of the laboratory analysis the suspect lot is heldin quarantine. The absence of harmful organism(s) is confirmed

yesno

the contaminated part is identifiable with certainty and can beseparated easily from the rest of the lot to be subjected to theremedial treatment provided for in itemI and the rest of the lot canbe released

yesno

remedial treatment (Article 12.8 of Directive 77/93/EEC) for thelot or the consignment or for the contaminated part of the lot orconsignment is undertaken, if it is technically possible, in order torelease the lot or the part of the lot

yesno

the lot or the consignment is intended for the final consumeryesno

the lot or the consignment (or a part of them) is re-exported ordestroyed

the analysis of the risk and the inspection have to be repeated

the lot or the consignment (or a part of them) is released and apost-control system may be envisaged

the lot or the consignment (or a part of them) is released

KH

KJ

KJ

KL

ON



4.2.2. PLANTS INTENDED FOR PLANTING4.2.2.3. Sample for expert identification

PagePLA 611/96

4.2.2.3.SAMPLE FOR EXPERT IDENTIFICATION

SAMPLE -absence of signs or of symptomsfor the plants host of viruses or bacteria etc. and in the case ofsuspect of presence of harmful organism samples are takenaccording to the official QUARANTINE METHODS (1), or, whereabsent, according to the methods described for similar harmfulorganisms.

-presence of signs or symptomsthe parts of plants with visible symptoms (naked eye or hand lens)are taken out by cutting the piece in order to have a healthy part ofat least 4-5 cm around the damaged part; all eggs, larvae, pupae oradults likely to be harmful organisms listed in the Annexes ofDirective 77/93/EEC or unknowns are taken.

PREPARATION the parts of plant with symptoms are put in a sealed plastic bagcontaining air which is stored in a refrigerator at a temperature ofapproximately +5°C and sent as soon as possible to the officiallaboratory for identification;eggsand nymphs are stored in glass or plastic test-tubes with acotton stopper (one nymph per test-tube);larvae and adults are stored in test-tubes or other glass or plasticcontainers of sufficient size with a cotton, metal or plasticstopper(one larva or one adult per container); to ensure the survivalof the organism part of plant may be included;the containers are stored at a temperature of +10°C to +18°C with75 to 95% humidity and are sent as soon as possible to the officiallaboratory for identification.

IDENTIFICATION To each bag or container is attached immediately an irremovablelabel, on which is indicated in indelible ink the reference of thesample in question in order to be able to fill out, where appropriate,the form "EUROPEAN COMMUNITY: NOTIFICATION OFINTERCEPTION OF A CONSIGNMENT OR HARMFULORGANISM FROM A THIRD COUNTRIES ".

(1) EPPO method pending a harmonized Community method



4.2.2. PLANTS INTENDED FOR PLANTING4.2.2.4. Geographical distribution of harmful organisms

PagePLA 711/96

4.2.2.4 GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION (BASE: EPPO-CABI DATA*,INTERCEPTIONS OF HARMFUL ORGANISMS FROM THE THIRDCOUNTRIES OF THE COMMUNITY * *, THE MOST RECENT SPECIFICBIBLIOGRAPHY * * *) OF SOME HARMFUL ORGANISMS WHICH CAN BEPRESENT ON THE IMPORTED PLANTS:

* Quarantine pests for Europe, 1992EPPO Service of Information, 1996

** Interceptions to 31 December 1995*** Fruit flies and economic importance, 1993

AnnonaL.,

ASIA I (insects)

BangladeshBhutanChinaChristmas Island HongKongIndiaIndonesiaKampucheaLaoMyanmar BurmaNepalOmanPakistanSaudiArabiaSri LankaTaiwanThailandUn.Arab EmiratesVietnam

DACUDO******

****

*******

DACUZO*

**

*

****

*

*




PagePLA 811/96

AnnonaL.

AFRICA I (insects)

AngolaEthiopiaKenyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNigeriaReunionRwandaSwazilandSouth AfricaTanzaniaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

DACUTR

*

DACUZO

*

CERTRO******************

AMERICA I (insects)

NORTH A.USAMexico

ANSTFR*

ANSTLU**

ANSTSU*

DACUDO*




PagePLA 911/96

AnnonaL.

AMERICA I (insects)

CENTRAL A.BahamasBelizeCosta RicaCubaDominicana RepEl SalvadorGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoTrinidad Tobago

ANSTFR

*

*

*

*

ANSTLU

**

**

*

*

ANSTSU*

**

*

*

*

AMERICA I (insects)

SOUTH A.

Argentina

Bolivia

Brazil

Colombia

Ecuador

Guyana

Paraguay

Peru

Surinam

Uruguay

Venezuela

ANSTFR

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

ANSTLU

*

*




PagePLA 1011/96

AnnonaL.

OCEANIA I (insects)

Australia

Guam

North Marianna Isl

N. Caledonia

French Polynesia

Pacific Islands

DACUDO

*

DACUTR

*

*

*

*

generally




PagePLA 1111/96

ChaenomelesLindl.

Annex III, A, 9, III, B,1 C.D. 77/93/EEC

EUROPA B

AlbaniaBosniaHerzeBulgariaCroatiaCzech RepHungaryMacedoniaMoldovaNorwayPolandRomaniaSwitzerlandYugoslavia

ERWIAM******

******

ASIA F B

Armenia

Cyprus

India

Iran

Israel

Japan

Jordan

Lebanon

Taiwan

Turkey

Yemen

MONIFC

*

*

*

*

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*




PagePLA 1211/96

ChaenomelesLindl.

Annex III, A, 9, III, B, 1 C.D. 77/93/EEC

AFRICA F B

Egypt

South Africa

Zimbabwe

MONIFC

*

*

*

ERWIAM

*

AMERICA I F B

North

Bermuda

Canada

USA

Mexico

CONHNE

*

*

MONIFC

*

*

*

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

AMERICA F B

Central

Guatemala

MONIFC

generally

ERWIAM

*




PagePLA 1311/96

ChaenomelesLindl.


AMERICA F B

SouthArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEquadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuela

MONIFC****

*****

ERWIAM

*

OCEANIA F B

AustraliaNew Zealand

MONIFC**

ERWIAM

*




PagePLA 1411/96

CotoneasterEhrh., Mespilus L., PyracanthaRoem., SorbusL. otherthan S. intermedia(Ehrh.), StranvaesiaLind.

Annex III, B, 1 C.D. 77/93/EEC

EUROPA B

Albania

BosniaHerze

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Rep

Hungary

Macedonia

Moldova

Norway

Poland

Romania

Switzerland

Yugoslavia

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

ASIA B

Armenia

Cyprus

Iran

Israel

Jordan

Lebanon

Turkey

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*




PagePLA 1511/96

CotoneasterEhrh., Mespilus L., PyracanthaRoem., SorbusL. otherthan S. intermedia(Ehrh.), StranvaesiaLind.

Annex III, B, 1 C.D. 77/93/EEC

AFRICA B

Egypt

ERWIAM

*

AMERICA B

North

Bermuda

Canada

USA

Mexico

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

AMERICA B

Central

Guatemala

ERWIAM

*

AMERICA B

SouthColombia

ERWIAM*

OCEANIA B

New ZealandERWIAM

*




PagePLA 1611/96

CrataegusL.


EUROPA B

Albania

Bosnia Herze

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Rep

Hungary

Macedonia

Moldova

Norway

Poland

Romania

Switzerland

Yugoslavia

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

ASIA F B

Armenia

Cyprus

India

Iran

Israel

Japan

Jordan

Lebanon

Taiwan

Turkey

Yemen

MONIFC

*

*

*

*

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*




PagePLA 1711/96

CrataegusL.


AFRICA F B

Egypt

SouthAfrica

Zimbabwe

MONIFC

*

*

*

ERWIAM

*

AMERICA I F B

North

Bermuda

Canada

USA

Mexico

CONHNE

*

*

PHYSSL

*

*

MONIFC

*

*

*

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

AMERICA F B

Central

Guatemala

MONIFC

generally

ERWIAM

*

AMERICA F B


MONIFC****

*****

ERWIAM

*




PagePLA 1811/96

CrataegusL.

OCEANIA F B


MONIFC**

ERWIAM

*




PagePLA 1911/96

CydoniaMill .Annex III, A 9, 18, III, B, 1 C.D. 77/93/EEC

EUROPA B V (viruses)

Albania

Bosnia Herze

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Rep

Hungary

Macedonia

Moldova

Norway

Poland

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Switzerland

Yugoslavia

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

PRDXXX

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*




PagePLA 2011/96

CydoniaMill .

Annex III, A 9, 18, III, B, 1 C.D. 77/93/EEC

ASIA F B

Cyprus

Israel

Jordan

Lebanon

Turkey

GYMNSP MONIFC PHYOPI ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

AFRICA F B V (viruses)

Egypt

Libya

MONIFC

*

ERWIAM

*

PRDXXX

*

AMERICA I (INSECTS)

NORTH

Canada

USA

CONHNE

*

*

LASPPA*

*

LASPPR*

*

TACYQU

*

*

ANSTFR

*

ANSTLU

*

RHAGPO

*

*

AMERICA F (fungi) B (bact) V (vir)

NORTH A.

Canada

USA

ALTEMA

*

*

GYMNSP

*

*

MONIFC ERWIAM

*

*

PRDXXX

*

*




PagePLA 2111/96

CydoniaMill .

Annex III, A 9, 18, III, B, 1 C.D. 77/93/EEC

OCEANIA I (Ins F (fungi) B (bact)

Australia

New. Zealand

DACUTR

*

ALTEMA

*

MONIFC

*

*

ERWIAM

*




PagePLA 2211/96

DiospyrosL.

ASIA I (insects)

BangladeshBhutanChinaChristmas Island HongKongIndiaIndonesiaKampucheaLaoMyanmar BurmaNepalOmanPakistanSaudiArabiaSri LankaTaiwanThailandUn.Arab EmiratesVietnam

DACUDO*******************

AFRICA I (insects)

AngolaEthiopiaKenyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNigeriaReunionRwandaSwazilandSouthAfricaTanzaniaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

DACUTR

*

CERTRO***

**************




PagePLA 2311/96

DiospyrosL.

AMERICA I (insects)

NORTH A.BermudaUSAMexico

ANSTFR

*

ANSTLU

**

ANSTOB*

*

DACUDO

*

AMERICA I (insects)CENTRAL A.BahamasBelizeCosta RicaCubaDominicana RepDominicaEl SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasVirgin I. USVirgin I. BrJamaicaMartiniqueMontserratNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoStKitts NevisStLuciaTrinidad Tobago

ANSTFR

*

*

*

*

ANSTLU

**

*

*

*

*

ANSTOB*****

**********

*****

ANSTSU

*

**

*

*

*




PagePLA 2411/96

DiospyrosL.

AMERICA I (insects)SOUTH A.ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinamUruguayVenezuela

ANSTFR***********

ANSTLU*

*

ANSTOB*

*******

*

OCEANIA I (insects)

AustraliaGuamN. CaledoniaNorth Marianna IslFrench PolynesiaPacific Islands

DACUDO

*

*

DACUTR*

***

generally




PagePLA 2511/96

EriobotryaLindl.


EUROPA B

Albania

Bosnia Herze

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Rep

Hungary

Macedonia

Moldova

Norway

Poland

Romania

Switzerland

Yugoslavia

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

ASIA F B

Armenia

Cyprus

India

Iran

Israel

Japan

Jordan

Lebanon

Taiwan

Turkey

Yemen

MONIFC

*

*

*

*

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*




PagePLA 2611/96

EriobotryaLindl.


AFRICA F B

Egypt

SouthAfrica

Zimbabwe

MONIFC

*

*

*

ERWIAM

*

AMERICA F B

North

Bermuda

Canada

USA

Mexico

MONIFC

*

*

*

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

AMERICA F B

Central

Guatemala

MONIFC

generally

ERWIAM

*

AMERICA F B


MONIFC****

*****

ERWIAM

*




PagePLA 2711/96

EriobotryaLindl.

OCEANIA F B


MONIFC**

ERWIAM

*




PagePLA 2811/96

Fragaria L.

Annex III, A, 18 C.D. 77/93/EEC

EUROPA N(Nem) B (Bact) F (Fungi)

Bulgaria

Czech Rep

Hungary

Latvia

Moldova

Norway

Poland

Romania

Russia

Slovak Rep

Slovenia

Switzerland

APLOBE

*

*

*

*

XANTFR

*

*

PHYTFR

*

*

*

*

*




PagePLA 2911/96

Fragaria L.


EUROPA V (Viruses)

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Rep

Hungary

Latvia

Moldova

Norway

Poland

Romania

Russia

Slovakia

Slovenia

Switzerland

Ukraine

Yugoslavia

ARMXXX

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

RYRSXX

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

SYCXXX

*

*

*

*

SYLRSX

*

*

*

*

*

*

SYMYEX

*

*

*

*

SYVBXX

*

*

*

*

*

TMBRXX

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

ASIA I N F(fungi) B(bact)

Cyprus

Israel

Jordan

Lebanon

Syria

Turkey

ANTHBI APLOBE COLLAC

*

PHYTFR XANTFR




PagePLA 3011/96

Fragaria L.


ASIA V (Viruses)

Cyprus

Israel

Jordan

Lebanon

Syria

Turkey

ARMXXX

*

RYRSXX

*

SYCXXX

*

SYLRSX

*

*

SYMYEX

*

TMBRXX

*

AFRICA N F(Fun)

AlgeriaEgyptLibyaMoroccoTunisia

APLOBE

*

PHYTFR

*




PagePLA 3111/96

Fragaria L.


AMERICA I N F (Fun) B (Bact)

NORTH 1

Canada

USA

ANTHSI

*

*

CONHNE

*

*

APLOBE

*

COLLAC

*

*

PHYTFR

*

*

XANTFR

*

AMERICA V (Viruses)

NORTH 2

Canada

USA

ARMXXX

*

RYRSXX

*

*

SYCXXX

*

*

SYLCXX

*

*

SYLRSX

*

*

AMERICA V (Viruses)

NORTH 2

Canada

USA

SYMYEX

*

*

SYVBXX

*

*

SYWBXX

*

*

SYLCXX

*

*

TMBRXX

*

OCEANIA N (Nem) F (fungi)


APLOBE*

COLLAC**

PHYTFR**

OCEANIA V (Viruses)

AustraliaN.Zealand

ARMXXX

**

SYCXXX

**

SYLRSX

**

SYMYEX

**

SYVBXX

**




PagePLA 3211/96

Malus Mill.

Annex III, A, 9, 18 III, B, 1 C.D. 77/93/EEC

EUROPA B V (Viruses)

Albania

Bosnia Herze

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Rep

Hungary

Macedonia

Moldova

Norway

Poland

Romania

Russia

Slovak Rep

Slovenia

Switzerland

Ukraine

Yugoslavia

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

APPXXX

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

TMRSXX

*

*

*

*

ASIA F (fungi) B (bac) V (Viruses)

CyprusIsraelJordanLebanonSyriaTurkey

GYMNSP

***

ERWIAM

******

TMRSXX

*




PagePLA 3311/96

Malus Mill.


AFRICA F (Fun) B (Bact) V (Viruses)


GYMNSP*

ERWIAM

*

AMERICA I (Insects)

NORTH A.1

CanadaUSA

CARSNI*

CONHNE

**

LASPPA

**

LASPPR

**

TACYQU

**

POPIJA

**

AMERICA I (Insects) B(Bact)

NORTH A.2

CanadaUSA

ANOCHI

*

ANSTFR

*

ANSTLU

*

DACUDO

*

RHAGPO

**

ERWIAM

**

AMERICA F (fungi) V (vir)

NORTH A.3

CanadaUSA

ALTEMA

**

GYMNSP

**

MONIFC

**

PHYSSL

**

CRRLXX

**

TMRSXX

**

OCEANIA I (Ins) F (fungi) B (bact) V(vir)

Australia

New. Zealand

DACUTR

*

ALTEMA

*

MONIFC

*

*

ERWIAM

*

CRRLXX

*

TMRSXX

*

*




PagePLA 3411/96

Mangifera L.

ASIA I (insects)

AfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBrunei DarussalamChinaChristmas IslandsEast TimorHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIranKampucheaLaoMalaysiaMyanmar BurmaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandUnited Arab EmiratVietnam

CRYPMA

**

*

***

*****

*

***

DACUCU**

****************

******

DACUDO

**

**

**

**

**

*

*****

DACUZO

*

**

*

**

*

*

*

*




PagePLA 3511/96

Mangifera L.

AFRICA (insects)

AngolaCentral African RepEgyptEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuineaKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNigeriaReunionRwandaSeychellesSouthAfricaSwazilandTanzaniaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

CRYPMA

*

*******

****

**

**

*

DACUCU

*

*

*

*

*

DACUTR

*

DACUZO

*

CERTRO

*

*

*

*******

*****

* *

AMERICA I (insects)


CRYPMA

*

ANSTFR

*

ANSTLU

**

ANSTOB

*

*

DACUCU

*

DACUDO

*




PagePLA 3611/96

Mangifera L.

AMERICA I (insects)

CENTRAL A.BahamasBarbadosBelizeCosta RicaCubaRep DominicanaDominicaEl SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasVirgin Islands BRVirgin Islands USJamaicaMartiniqueMontserratNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoS.Kitts-et-NevisSt-LuciaTrinidad and Tobago

CRYPMA

*

*

*

*

*

**

ANSTFR

*

*

*

*

ANSTLU

**

*

*

*

*

ANSTOB

*

*****

*********

*****

ANSTSU

*

**

*

*

*




PagePLA 3711/96

Mangifera L.

AMERICA I (insects)

SOUTH A.ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorFrench GuyanaGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinamUruguayVenezuela

CRYPMA

*

ANSTFR

*****

******

ANSTLU

*

*

ANSTOB

*

***

****

*

OCEANIA I (insects)

AustraliaFijiGuamMariana North Isl.KiribatiNauruNew-CaledoniaPapua -N.GuineaFrench Polynesia SolomonIslandsTongaVanuatuWallis & Futura I.Pacific Islands

CRYPMA****

*

*

*

*

DACUCU

****

*

*

DACUDO

**

DACUTR*

*

*

*

*

generally




PagePLA 3811/96

PassifloraL.

ASIA I (insects)

BangladeshButhanChinaChristmas IslandsHong KongIndiaKampucheaLaoMyanmar BurmaNepalPakistanSri LankaTaiwanThailandUn. Arab EmiratesVietnam

DACUDO****************

AFRICA I (insects)

MadagascarDACUTR

*




PagePLA 3911/96

PassifloraL.

AMERICA I (insects)


ANSTLU

**

ANSTOB*

*

DACUDO

*

CENTRAL A.BahamasBelizeCosta RicaCubaR DominicanaDominicaEl SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasVirgin I. USVirgin I. BRJamaicaMartiniqueMontserratNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoS.Kitt-NevisSt-LuciaTrin-Tobago

ANSTLU

**

*

*

*

*

ANSTOB******

*********

*****

SOUTH A.ArgentinaBrazilColombiaEcuadorGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinamVenezuela

ANSTLU*

*

ANSTOB*********




PagePLA 4011/96

PassifloraL.

OCEANIA I (insects)

AustraliaGuamNew CaledoniaNorthMarianaIslandsFrench PolynesiaPacific Islands

DACUDO

*

*

DACUTR*****

generally




PagePLA 4111/96

PrunusL.

Annex III, A, 9, 18 C.D. 77/93/EEC


AlbaniaBosnia HerzeBulgariaCroatiaCzech RepHungaryMacedoniaMoldovaNorwayPolandRomaniaRussiaSlovak RepSloveniaSwitzerlandUkraineYugoslavia

PSDMPS

*

XANTPR

*

*

**

*

*

ABCLRX

*

*

*

CRLCXX

**

*

TMRSXX

*

*

*

*

ASIA B (bac) V (Viruses)


XANTPR

*

PLPXXX

*

**

TMRSXX

*

AFRICA V (Viruses)


PLPXXX

*

TMRSXX

*




PagePLA 4211/96

PrunusL.

Annex III, A, 9, 18 C.D. 77/93/EEC

AMERICA I (insects) F(Fun)

NORTH1

Canada

USA

CARSNI

*

CONHNE

*

*

LASPPA

*

*

LASPPR

*

*

POPIJA

* *

TACYQU

*

*

DIBOMO

*

*

MONIFC

*

*

AMERICA I (insects)

NORTH 2

Canada

USA

ANSTFR

*

ANSTLU

*

DACUDO

*

RHAGCI

*

*

RHAGCO

*

RHAGFA

*

*

RHAGIN

*

RHAGPO

*

*

AMERICA B V (Viruses)

NORTH 3

Canada

USA

XANTPR

*

*

CRLCXX

*

*

CRRLXX

*

*

PCLMXX

*

PCRMXX

*

*

PCRXXX

*

PCXXXX

*

*

AMERICA V (Viruses)

NORTH 4

Canada

USA

PCYXXX

*

*

PLLPXX

*

*

PLPXXX

*

*

TMRSXX

*

*

XYLLFA

*




PagePLA 4311/96

PrunusL.

OCEANIA I F (Fun) B (bact) V(Vir)

Australia

New. Zealand

DACUTR

*

MONIFC

*

*

PSDMPS

*

XANTPR

*

*

CRLCXX

*

CRRLXX

*

TMRSXX

*

*




PagePLA 4411/96

PsidiumL.

ASIA I (insects)

BangladeshBhutanChinaChristmas I. HongKongIndiaIndonesiaKampucheaLaoMyanmarBurmaNepalOmanPakistanSaudi ArabiaSri LankaTaiwanThailandUArabEmirateVietnamYemen

DACUDO******

****

*

*****

DACUZO*

**

*

****

*

*

CERTQU

*




PagePLA 4511/96

PsidiumL.

AFRICA I (insects)

AngolaBotswanaEthiopiaKenyaMalawiMaliMadagascarMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigeriaUgandaReunionRwandaSouthAfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaZaireZambia Zimbabwe

DACUTR

*

DACUZO

*

CERTQU*

*

*

**

*

CERTRO*

****

**

*****

*****

AMERICA I (insects)


ANSTFR

*

ANSTLU

**

ANSTOB

*

*

DACUDO

*




PagePLA 4611/96

PsidiumL.

AMERICA I (insects)

CENTRAL A.BahamasBelizeCosta RicaCubaRep DominicaDominiqueEl SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasVirgin I. AMVirgin I. BRJamaicaMartiniqueMontserratNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSKitts-NevisSt-LuciaTrinidad Tobago

ANSTFR

*

*

*

*

ANSTLU

**

*

*

*

*

ANSTOB

******

********

******

ANSTSU

*

**

*

*

*




PagePLA 4711/96

PsidiumL.

AMERICA I (insects)

SOUTH A.ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinamUruguayVenezuela

ANSTFR

***********

ANSTLU

*

*

ANSTOB

*

*******

*

OCEANIA I (insects)

AustraliaGuamN. CaledoniaNMariannaIslandsFrench PolynesiaPacific Islands

DACUDO

*

*

DACUTR*

****




PagePLA 4811/96

PyrusL.



Albania

BosniaHerzeg

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Rep

Hungary

Macedonia

Moldova

Norway

Poland

Romania

Russia

Slovak Rep

Slovenia

Switzerland

Ukraine

Yugoslavia

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

PRDXXX

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

ASIA F (fungi) B (bacteria)


ALTEMA GYMNSP MONIFC VENTNA ERWIAM

******




PagePLA 4911/96

PyrusL.


AFRICA F (Fun) B (Bact) V (Viruses)


ERWIAM

*

PRDXXX

*

AMERICA I (Insects)

NORTH A.1

Canada

USA

CARSNI

*

CONHNE

*

*

LASPPA

*

*

LASPPR

*

*

TACYQU

*

*

POPIJA

*

*

AMERICA I (Insects)

NORTH A.2

Canada

USA

ANOCHI

*

ANSTFR

*

ANSTLU

*

DACUDO

*

RHAGPO

*

*

AMERICA F (fungi) B(Bac) V (vir)

NORTH A.3

Canada

USA

ALTEMA

*

*

GYMNSP

*

*

MONIFC

*

*

PHYSSL

*

*

ERWIAM

*

*

PRDXXX

*

*




PagePLA 5011/96

PyrusL.

OCEANIA I (INS) F (fungi) B (bact)

Australia

New. Zealand

DACUTR

*

ALTEMA

*

MONIFC

*

*

ERWIAM

*




PagePLA 5111/96

RibesL.

EUROPA V (Virus)

BulgariaCroatiaRussiaSlovakiaSloveniaYugoslavia

TMRSXX

******

ASIA V (Virus)

ChinaJapanKorea RepublicPakistanTurkey

TMRSXX

*****

AFRICA V (Virus)

EgyptTogo

TMRSXX

**

AMERICA I (insects) V(Vir)

CanadaUSAChilePeruPuerto Rico

CONHNE

**

EPOCCA

**

RHAGRI

**

TMRSXX

*****




PagePLA 5211/96

RibesL.

OCEANIA I (insects) V (Virus)

AustraliaNew CaledoniaNew ZealandN Marianna IslandsFrench PolynesiaPacific Islands

DACUTR**

***

TMRSXX*

*




PagePLA 5311/96

RubusL.

EUROPA V (Viruses)

BulgariaCroatiaCzech RepHungaryLatviaMoldovaNorwayPolandRomaniaRussiaSlovakiaSloveniaSwitzerlandUkraineYugoslavia

APMXXX ARMXXX

****

**********

CRLRXX

*

*

RYRSXX

*

*

*

**

*

**

*

SYLRSX

**

**

*

*

TMBRXX

**

*****

*

TMRSXX

**

***

*

ASIA V (Virus)

ChinaIndiaIsraelJapanJordanKazakhstanKorea RepLebanonSyriaTurkey

APMXXX ARMXXX

*

*

*

RYRSXX

*

*

SYLRSX

*

*

TMBRXX

*

*

*

TMRSXX

*

*

*

*




PagePLA 5411/96

RubusL.

AFRICA V (Viruses)

EgyptKenyaS.AfricaTogoTunisiaZimbabwe

APMXXX ARMXXX

*

TMRSXX*

*

AMERICA V (Viruses)

NORTH 1

Canada

USA

APMXXX ARMXXX

*

CRRLXX

*

*

RYBLXX

*

*

RYLCXX

*

*

AMERICA V (Viruses)

NORTH 2

Canada

USA

SYLRSX

*

*

TMBRXX

*

TMRSXX

*

*

AMERICA V (Viruses)

SOUTH

Argentina

Brazil Chile

Peru

PortoRico

APMXXX CRRLXX

*

*

RYLCXX

*

*

TMBRXX

*

TMRSXX

*

*

*




PagePLA 5511/96

RubusL.

OCEANIA V (Viruses)

Australia

N.Zealand

APMXXX

*

*

ARMXXX

*

*

CRLRXX

*

RIBLXX

*

SYLRSX

*

*

TMRSXX

*

*




PagePLA 5611/96

SyzigiumGaertn.

ASIA I (insects)

BangladeshBhutanChinaChristmas IslandsHong KongIndiaKampucheaLaoMyanmar-BurmaNepalOmanPakistanThailandTaiwanUn. Arab EmiratesVietnam

DACUDO****************

AFRICA I (insects)

AngolaEthiopiaKenyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNigeriaUgandaReunionRwandaSouthAfricaSwazilandTanzaniaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

DACUTR

*

CERTRO***

**************




PagePLA 5711/96

SyzigiumGaertn.

AMERICA I (insects)


ANSTFR

*

ANSTLU

**

ANSTOB*

*

DACUDO*

AMERICA I (insects)

CENTRAL A.BahamasBelizeCosta RicaCubaRep DominicaDominiqueEl SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasVirgin I. AMVirgin I. BRJamaicaMartiniqueMontserratNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSKitts-NevisSainte-LucieTrinidad Tobago

ANSTFR

*

*

*

*

ANSTLU

**

*

*

*

*

ANSTOB

******

*********

*****

ANSTSU

*

**

*

*

*




PagePLA 5811/96

SyzigiumGaertn.

SOUTH A.ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinamUruguayVenezuela

ANSTFR***********

ANSTLU*

*

ANSTOB*

*******

*

OCEANIA I (insects)

AustraliaGuamN. CaledoniaNMariannaIslandsFrench PolynesiaPacific Islands

DACUDO

*

*

DACUTR*

***

generally




PagePLA 5911/96

VacciniumL.

AMERICA I (insects F

CanadaUSAMexicoChile

CONHNE

**

LASPPA

***

RHAGME

**

DIAPVA

**

*

OCEANIA I (insects)

AustraliaNew CaledoniaN Marianna IslandsFrench PolynesiaPacific Islands

DACUTR*****



4.2.2. PLANTS INTENDED FOR PLANTING4.2.2.5. Harmful organisms which can be present

PagePLA 6011/96

4.2.2.5.LIST OF THE HARMFUL ORGANISMS WHICH CAN BE PRESENT ON THEIMPORTED PLANTS:

Soil and growing medium:

verify, when necessary, the respect of points33 and34 of the annexIV of the Council Directive77/93/EEC

Plants

AnnonaL.PACKAGINGS ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

TEPHRITIDAE * * *

ChaenomelesLindl.

PACKAGING ROOTSSOIL

TRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

CONHNE

MONIFC

ERWIAM

* * *

*

*

*

*

*

*

CotoneasterEhrh., MespilusL., PyracanthaRoem:, SorbusL. other than S.intermedia(Ehrh), StranvaesiaLindl.

PACKAGING ROOTSSOIL

TRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

ERWIAM * * *

(1) when present (art 39, 40 annex IV A I Council Dir. 77/93/EEC)




PagePLA 6111/96

CrataegusL.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

CONHNE

MONIFC

PHYSSL

ERWIAM

* * *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

CydoniaMill.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

CARSNICONHNELASPPALASPPRTACYQUTEPHRITIDAE

ALTEMAGYMNSPMONIFCPHYOPI

ERWIAM

PRDXXX

**

**

**

***

*

*

***

**

*

*

*

**

*

*

****

*

*

DiospyrosL.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

TEPHRITIDAE * * *





PagePLA 6211/96

EriobotryaLindl.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

MONIFC

ERWIAM

*

*

*

*

*

*

Fragaria L.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILCROWN BUDS

PETIOLES

LEAVESFLOWERS

ANTHBI

ANTHSI

APLOBE

CONHNE

COLLAC

PHYTFR

XANTFR

ARMXXX

RYRSXX

SYCXXX

SYLCXX

SYLRSX

SYMYEX

SYVBXX

SYWBWW

TMBRXX

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

?

*

*




PagePLA 6311/96

Malus Mill.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

ANOCHI

CARSNI

CONHNE

LASPPA

LASPPR

TACYQU

POPIJA

TEPHRITID

ALTEMA

GYMNSP

MONIFC

PHYOPI

PHYSSL

ERWIAM

APPXXX

CRRLXX

TMRSXX

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

?

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

?

Mangifera L.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

TEPHRITIDAE * * *

PassifloraL.

PACKAGING ROOTSSOIL

TRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

TEPHRITIDAE * * *





PagePLA 6411/96

PrunusL.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

CARSNI

CONHNE

LASPPA

LASPPR

TACYQU

POPIJA

TEPHRITI

DIBOMO

MONIFC

PHYOPI

PSDMPS

XANTPR

ABCLRX

CRLCXX

CRRLXX

PCLMXX

PCRMXX

PCRXXX

PCXXXX

PCYXXX

PLLPXX

PLPXXX

TMRSXX

XYLLFA

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

?

*

*

?

*

?

*

*

?

*

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?




PagePLA 6511/96

PsidiumL.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

TEPHRITIDAE * * *


PyrusL.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

ANOCHI

CARSNI

CONHNE

LASPPA

LASPPR

TACYQU

POPIJA

TEPHRITI

ALTEMA

GYMNSP

MONIFC

PHYOPI

PHYSSL

VENTNA

ERWIAM

PRDXXX

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

?

?

?

*

?

*

?

?




PagePLA 6611/96

RibesL.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

SHOOTSBRANCHES

LEAVESFLOWERS

CONHNE

TEPHRITIDAE

TMRSXX

*

*

*

*

*

* *

* *


RubusL.PACKAGING ROOTS

SOILTRUNKSOIL

STEMS LEAVESFLOWERS

APMXXX

ARMXXX

CRLRXX

CRRLXX

RYBLXX

RYLCXX

RYRSXX

SYLRSX

TMBRXX

TMRSXX

?

*

?

*

*

*

?

?

*

*

?

?

*




PagePLA 6711/96

Insects

ANOCHI .................... Anoplophora chinensis (Thomson)roots, trunk, branchestunnels bored by the larvae. They start more or less 60 cm from the ground and arelocated immediately underneath the bark in these tunnels, in the direction of the ground,going deeper into the trunk or roots; excrement and powdery wood can be seen outside theopenings dug by the larvae (legless, 45 mm in length in the final stage; light-yellowish incolour with yellow chitinous patterns on the prothorax, and a chestnut-brown head); .young bark, leaves, petioleserosion caused by the adults (25-35 mm in length, antennae are 1.7-2 times longer thanthe body; black with white spots on the elytra).

ANTHBI .....................Anthonomus bisignifer (Schenkling)budsThe most visible symptoms are buds, either partially cut but still hanging from the plant,or entirely severed.adult : (beetle) length 2.5-4.0 mm; rostrum with very fine median dorsal carinas; darkchestnut or black head and pronotum; small scutellum, densely covered with whitishscales; elytra are pale brown to dark reddish brown, with a darker triangular lateral arealimited by an extended border of whitish scales; chestnut-brown legs; thin tibiae; ventralside entirely black or dark brown, rather densely covered with extended whitish scales.

ANTHSI .....................Anthonomus signatus (Say)budsThe most visible symptoms are buds, either partially severed and hanging from the plant,or entirely severed.eggs:vitreous white, deposited between the anthers in the buds.larva: vitreous white becoming greyish in the late stages.pupa: yellowish white, in the remaining buds.adult : approximately 2.5 mm in length, reddish-brown to black with a large dark spot oneach elytrum. However, the colour may vary and the spot may be missing.

APLOBE ...................Aphelenchoides besseyiChristieleavessome shrivelling up, some deformation, and also some stunting.

CARSNI................Carposina niponensisWasinghampackagings, rootslarvae: (lepidoptera) hibernating larvae in cocoons.




PagePLA 6811/96

CONHNE................Conotrachelus nenuphar(Herbst)packagings, roots, trunk, soillarva: cylindrical, white and without legs, often folded in a half circle and with a smallbrown head;adult: (on packaging) 0.7 cm in length with a typical rostrum. The post-median band ofanterior wing cases consists of bristles, reddish brown, reddish yellow and white; smallareas are also intensely black with humps. If the adults are disturbed they fake death andfall to the ground.

CYDIIN ......................Grapholita inopinata Heinrichpackaging, roots, trunks and soillarvae: (lepidoptera) pink with red tips, can have a striped appearance because the areasbetween the segments are pale;pupae: with the first abdominal segment sporting a band of several small thorns.

LASPPA................Enarmonia packardi (Zeller)Shoots, Branchesblight of terminal shoots, formation of new shoots from lateral buds; the presence of alarva is often indicated by a zigzag, knotty shoot that retains a leaf petiole at its tip(Malus Mill.);larva (Lepidoptera): the caterpillars first stage, white with a black head, final stage withpale pink body and light-brown head with a dark brown pattern near the simple eyes.

LASPPR................Enarmonia prunivora Walshroots, trunk, soillarva: (Lepidoptera): Caterpillars pink of varying intensity; 7,5-9,5 mm in lengthpossessing a brown head and thoracic shield;pupa: yellow-brown 2x5 mm surrounded by a tightly woven white silken co

NEPOPI ......................Numonia pirivorella (Matsumura)budsflower buds are dried up;larvae: (lepidoptera): the dorsal part is dark green, the ventral part is light yellow, the

head is chestnut-brown to blackish, legs are light brown; they can measure up to 12 mm.




PagePLA 6911/96

POPIJA ...................... Popillia japonicaNewmanvegetable produce, packagingadults (on boats and in aircraft ) approximately 12 mm long, shiny golden-green thorax,side tufts of white hair on the abdomen, two areas of white hair on the pygidium;ground around the rootslarvae (beetle) (in the) with the last two rows of thorns on the ventral face of the lastabdominal segment in a V-arrangement;leavesin skeletal form exposes the presence of adults which feed off the plant tissue between theveins in the leaves.

TACYQU................Tachypterellus quadrigibbusSaypackagings, roots, trunk, soiladult: (in the cavities or to the outside) in length (rostrum included) 5,0-11,0 mm;chestnut without whitish marks of wing cases unlike (Conotrachelus nenuphar); rostrumlength between a third and half the overall length of the body, thin, curved; wing casescarrying a separate, large or small tubercle.

Tephritidaepackagings, roots and soilpupae: (Diptera) on plants having already fruited.




PagePLA 7011/96

fungi

ALTEMA................Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keisslerleavesspots which enlarge in zonate circular or crescent-shaped rings; hyphae are normallyscant or lacking on the host surface; under moist storage conditions abundant light-greymycelium can be produced on the surface.

COLLAC ................... Colletotrichum acutatum Simmondscrown, stemsextended depressed spots, dark brown.

DIBOMO ..................Apiosporina Morbosa (Schwein.) v. Arxbranchessmall light brown bulges which gradually grow to form visible nodes right underneaththe point where the petioles of the leaves are attached to the stem. They are like cork andare covered with a silky olive-green down, then turning black, hard and brittle. Thesenodes measure from 1 to 15-20 cm in length and 0.5 to 4 cm in diameter; often they jointogether to form larger ones and can even surround the stems. The green colouring of theyoung nodes is less pronounced on peach trees than on plum trees. Attack by theTrichothecium roseumhyperparasite results in the nodes turning pink or white. Theattacked trees become dwarfed and stunted.

GYMNSP................Gymnosporangiumspp.leavespresence of aecia and aeciospores.

MONIFC................Monilinia fructicola (Winter) Honeybranches leavesinfected blossoms and leaves turn brown and wither, producing a typical blightedappearance. Stem infections lead to brown, collapsed areas (cankers), often with anaccumulation of surface gum.




PagePLA 7111/96

PHYOPI .....................Guignardia pyricola (Nosa) Yamamotoleaveslarge chestnut-brown spots,trunk, brancheswart-like protuberances (wart-like bark) on surface, sometimes surrounded by darkchestnut-brown spots; the infected twigs can fade and wilt (Pyrus L.); the infection canbe latent (MallusMill .).

PHYTFR ....................Phytophtora fragariaeHickman var. fragariaerootsA cross-section level with the upper, white and apparently healthy parts of these rootsreveals a stele which is wine red to brick red in colour; this colouring can extend beyondthe putrefied areas of the roots, as far as the crown;crown and absorbing lateral rootletsoften completely rotted, starting with their distal end, or disappeared.

PHYSSL .....................Phyllosticta solitaria. Ell. and Ev.leavessmall white spots, 1.5-3 mm in diameter between or on the veins and petioles,- spots up to 6 mm, elliptic, embedded, light yellow or brown, with a black spot that formsin the centre, the pycnidium.twigs, growths anddardscrudely circular, dark, projecting spots, strewn with small pycnidia; followed by theemergence of cankers which are brown to black and slightly embedded. The central part ofcanker may be surrounded by a black edge indicating the extent of the fungus. Pycnidiaare formed in the marginal area.

VENTNA ...................Venturia nashicolaTanaka and Yamamotoleavessmall white spots, 1.5-3 mm in diameter, between or on the veins and petioles;spots 6mm in diameter, elliptic, embedded, light yellow or brown, (sometimes) with a black spotin the centre;twigs, growths, dardscrudely circular , projecting darkspots, strewn with small pycnidia; brown to black andslightly embedded cankers, the central part of old cankers is surrounded by a black edge;cankers may merge.




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bacteria

ERWIAM......................Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl.

inflorescence: the dead flowers dry out and become brown-black. In general they remainattached to the plant.shoots and branches: young shoots and fleshy branches will fade to brown and, in themajority of the cases, the end of the infected shoot bends in characteristic arches.leaves: the infected leaves present, depending on the method of infection, either necroticspots which start from the edges or blackening of petioles and the main vein.trunks and main branches: from the infected flowers, growths or fruits, the diseasespreads towards the large and small branches, causing cankers. It can continue itsexpansion towards the main branches and the trunk.Cankers cause the sudden death of the branches or of the whole tree by smothering it.They can be recognized on the outside because their surface is slightly sunken, of variablesize and surrounded by cracked bark. Inside, tissues go from red-ochre to brown and thiscolour spreads to the healthy tissues, they often seem soaked with water.Under warmand wet conditions, a whitish discharge can appear on a level with theinfected shoots, petioles, cankers on the bark, infected fruits and flowers. The discharge ofthe shoots of the apple tree can also be a golden colour.

Similar symptoms:

More or less similar damage can be caused by a lack of potassium, by the red spider or bya physiological deterioration known as "necrosis of the edges" of the leaves of the peartree, or by Pseudomonas syringae(the infection caused by the latter parasite stopsgenerally to the base of the floral stalk or of the axis of the corymbe, cankers are rare onthe bark).

PSDMPS .....................Pseudomonas syringae pv persicaeshoots and main branchesolive-green colouring in winter quickly turns brown around the dormant buds of the youngshoots of the peach tree; in spring, some buds die or some shoots dry up, often one ormore may wither and die. The affected tissues are reddish brown in colour; appearing onthe trunk in the form of large areas with badly defined contours. Cankers can sometimesbe observed.leavesformation of necrotic spots from 1 to 2 mm in diameter and surrounded by a chlorotichalo. As a result there is a drop in the centre of the spot (pitted appearance).




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XANTFR ....................Xanthomonas fragariaeKennedy and Kingcrownafter dissection, pockets of infection in the form of localized areas, saturated with waterand often confined to one side of the crown.leavesshiny, angular spots from 1 to 4 mm, saturated with water and surrounded by the smallestveins. In the primary stages, spots are visible only on the lower surface and appeartranslucent when they are observed against the light. As a result, they have a shinyappearance and are in general covered with bacterial exudate which, on drying, turnsbrown and takes on a sticky scaly appearance. Spots more frequently merge along theprimary and secondary veins. The dead tissues tear and break off; giving the leaf a raggedlook.




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Viruses

ABCLRX ................... (Apricot chlorotic leaf roll mycoplasm)Trunkbrowning of the middle part of the bark. The cambium layer may be afflicted; however, atthis point the external part of the bark remains normal, the external strata being greenwhen the suber is sufficiently thin. Drying out of the external part of the bark.budsa proliferation of rudimentary buds at the tip of small shoots, and opening of wood buds.leavescurling up of the blade, either a conical cornet or a polygonal silhouette. On Japanese plumtrees, the symptoms are similar but less typical. The leaves are small, turn red and curl upin a cylindrical way, not like a cone.

APMXXX ..................Prunus necrotic ringspot virusThe majority of the infected plants shows no symptoms; testing is necessary bymechanically inoculating sap to indicator herbaceous plants.

APPXXX .................... Apple proliferation virus mycoplasmshootsthin. The bark, sometimes with stripes down it, is reddish brown. Necrotic areas developon the bark.budslate growth of the terminal buds in autumn. A rosette of terminal leaves, often infected bythe powdery mildew, sometimes develops at the end of the season where there is adormant bud. However, a more reliable symptom is the premature development of axillarybuds which give rise to secondary shoots which form witches' broom disease near the apexof the main shoot. The angle between the secondary and the principal shoots is evidentlytight among the individual ones infected. This witches’ broom disease appearssuccessively at different points on the tree, or all over the tree at the same time, rather thanseveral times on the same branch.leavesleaves appear early and are smaller with irregular serration. Often there is chlorosis andreddening of the leaves. Often early defoliation occurs.stipulesabnormally long, there may be up to 4 per leaf. Petioles are rather short.flowersphylloid.Similar symptoms:It should be noted that chlorosis and reddening of the leaves can be caused by otherpathogens, the diagnosis should not therefore only be based on these symptoms.

ARMXXX .................. Arabis mosaic virus




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leavesmottled with spots, stunted growth and several types of deformation, including enations.Numerous infections by the garden arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) are latent, in which eventplants do not show any symptoms.

CRLCXX ................... Little cherry pathogens (non-European isolates)leavesthe areas between the veins of the upper surface of the leaves turn reddish purple orbronze-coloured, while the midrib and the main veins retain their green colour.

CRLRXX ...................Cherry leaf roll virusstemssymptoms include chlorotic specks, striations, stunting and wilting.leavessmall and deformed, with some striation, severe chlorotic specks or symptoms of ringspot.similar symptomsclosely resemble the symptoms caused by a number of viruses transmitted by nematodes.

CRRLXX ...................Cherry rasp leaf virus (American)On peach trees and cherry treesleavesnarrow and deformed, on their lower surface by large enations (lamellate protuberances orgrowths of the blade). These enations differ from those caused by other diseases of thecherry tree because they are formed between the lateral veins. Symptoms are often limitedto the lower part of the tree and sometimes, for recent infections, to 1 or 2 branches.On apple trees:leavescurling up of the edge towards the midrib. Leaves also tend to be directed towards the endof the branch or shoot and take on a wilted look due to a lack of water.

PCLMXX ..................Peach mosaic virus (American)trunkincidence of striation,budsnecrotic;leavesspots, calicots, necrosis, curling up;




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PCRMXX ..................Peach rosette mosaic virusshootsgrapevines:shortening of the internodes of the stems and growth of deformed vineshoots.

peach tree:shortening of the internodes, growth in rosette form and mosaic of leaves.leavesdeformed

PCRXXX ...................Peach rosette mycoplasmshootsvery short internodes;leavestufts of young leaves on the tip of bare stems.

PCXXXX ...................Peach X disease mycoplasmleavesyellow spots and curling up, some rosettes at the tip of the shoots.

PCYXXX ................... Peach yellow mycoplasmshoots, branchesfrail and ramified, the leaf buds - including those which would remain normallydormant - develop prematurely; symptoms being limited to one branch or part of thetree.leavesyellow and stunted.

Similar symptomsThe diseases known by the names “ little peach” and “ red suture” are caused by strainsdistinct from this mycoplasm.

PLLPXX .....................Plum line pattern virus (American)leaveson plum trees, a regular sequence of types of web, yellow-green and glistening like anoak leaf; next, these oak leaf webs combine and there is yellow thinning of theinterveinal area (yellow vein banding) to end with the latter symptom on peach trees,wavy, fine and irregular clear green bands are observed on each side of the main veinsof the leaves. They either form symmetrical webs or are truncated and turned over toform different shapes.

PLPXXX ... .................Plum Pox Virus




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The symptoms typical of the Sharka vary a lot depending on the place, the season, theprunusspecies and the cultivar and the type of organ.

Plum tree andapricot treeleavesspots, chlorotic bands or rings are easily visible if the blade is observed with back-light.The central ring of the circular spot is well marked while the outside is less so. Veinscan be slightly coloured.

Peach treeleavesthe leaves of the new sprouts have lighter secondary and tertiary veins. There may alsobe leaves deformed with asymmetrical blades and necrosis of the veins.

Similar symptoms (the most common):Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus on certain cultivars ofPrunus domesticagives rise tosymptoms which can easily be confused with those of the Sharka.Plum line pattern virus can cause similar damage on foliage, but the spots caused haveclearer contours.Weedkillers can cause symptoms which can be confused with the Sharka.

PRDXXX.................Pear decline mycoplasmrootswhile larger roots may appear normal, but most of the feeder roots are killedtrunkon removing the bark at the graft union a brown line may be visible on the cambial face inthe bark surface at or directly below the union and vertical fluted ridges may also be seenshootsreduced growth appearing as tufts of leavesleavesfew, small leathery and light-green with slightly up-rolled margins.

RYBLXX ................... Black raspberry latent virusThe infected plants seldom show any symptoms.

RYLCXX ...................Raspberry leaf curl virus (American)stemsthe new growth is stunted and is divided into branches.leavesslight or more marked curling up in the case of the apical leaves.




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RYRSXX ....................Raspberry ringspot virusleavesclearly defined chlorotic spots but irregular in shape, often with a necrotic centre. Thereis neither a linear or annular web.

SYCXXX ....................Strawberry crinkle virusleavesweak strains show no symptoms, severe strains produce distortions and crinkling withleaflets of unequal size; occurrence of small chlorotic spots irregular in shape, oftenassociated with the veins.

SYLCXX .................... Latent Strawberry “C” virusleavesin the presence of other viruses, stunting, crinkling and severe twisting of the leaves, oraccentuation of symptoms attributed to other viruses; epinasty of the newly formedleaves and petioles.

SYLRSXX ..................Strawberry latent ringspot virusleavesthis disease is usually latent. Certain strawberry cultivars have various degrees ofwilting and mottling.

SYMYEX ........ Strawberry mild yellow edge virusThe cultivated strawberry plants are often carriers without showing any symptoms.

SYVBXX ........ Strawberry vein banding virusyoung leavesepinasty of the main veins and petioles, a tendency of opposing halves of the leaflets notto spread out, irregular undulation of the edges of the leaflets and slight pleating of theblade. Generally, the above symptoms are slight and do not arise at the same time.developed leafthinning on the veins, followed by yellowish bands on some - and later, all - veins.Often, colouring in the form of discontinuous and scattered plumes of different lengthsalong the main and secondary veins. The second and third leaves formed after theappearance of the first symptoms are more severely affected than the first leaf or anyother leaf thereafter. The chlorotic stria are reduced, sparse and confined to portions inthe older leaflets. This may be followed by the appearance of a series of apparentlyhealthy leaves and, next, the reappearance of slight or severe symptoms.

SYWBWW ......... Strawberry witches’ broom mycoplasm




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crownwith numerous branchings;petiolesdrawn up and pointed with small leaves

TMBRXX ........ -------- Tomato black ring virusleavesin general, no symptoms; sometimes chlorotic mottling and/or ringspot.

TMRSXX ...................Tomato ringspot viruson raspberry canesthe development of symptoms is variable, butcanesare stunted.leaves:Circular chlorotic marks (ringspot) are sometimes observed on young plants. Inthe years that follow, few foliar marks are visible but the leaves of the new canes haveepinasty and premature abscission.

On peach treesleavesoblong, light green to light yellow spots with feathery edges develop along the mainnervure or along the large lateral veins.budssmall and often deformed leaf rosettes - may or may not be mottled - light yellow andwilt.

On pelargoniumyoung leaveseither chlorotic rings (ringspot), or slightly chlorotic and systemic specks and mottlingwith slight leaf deformation.older leaveschlorotic bands develop in the form of an oak leaf, or symptoms may tail off such thatplants are only slightly dwarfed compared with healthy plants.

On grapevines, symptoms have not really been described;rootspresence of nematodes (Xiphinema americanum).

XYLLFA .................... Peach phony rickettsialeavesthe characteristic symptom of the primary infection is scorching; first, part of the greenleaf dries, then turns brown, while the surrounding tissues turn yellow or redden.

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