4. mining machinery - mine trucks
TRANSCRIPT
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MINING MACHINERYTrucks
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MINE TRUCK
A truck is a machine for hauling material.It is used for transport of ore from the face to
processing or stockpile or for transport overburden to
the dump area.
Broader application and the growth of surface mininghave led to the development of off-highway units of
very high power and capacity.
Caterpillar made miningtruck in operation
http://www.cat.com
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MINE TRUCK
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TYPES OF MINE TRUCKS
Rear dump and bottom dump
The rear dump
discharges material by tilting the body and spilling the
content out the rear by gravityRear dump trucks are used when:
The material hauled is free flowing, or has bulky
components
The hauling must dump into a specific point or over
the edge of a bunk or a bank fill
Maximum maneuverability in the loading and
dumping are is required
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TYPES OF MINE TRUCKS
Rear Dump trucks featureGenerally 2 axle units (one steering, one driving)
three axle on very large sizes or on smaller
articulated units (one steering, two driving)
Rigid frame with heavy duty body
Single wheels in front axle, dual wheels in rear axle
Articulated frame with four to six wheel drive
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TYPES OF
MINE TRUCKS
Bottom dump
The bottom dump discharges material by opening thebottom of the body spilling the content out the rear by
gravity.
Bottom dump trucks are used when:
When the material to be hauled is free flowing
There are unrestricted loading and dumping sitesBottom Dump trucks featureTractor-trailer 3 axle units (one steering, one driving,
one trailing or rigid frame 2 axle units (one steering
one driving.
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RIGID AND ARTICULATED MINE HAUL TRUCKS
Rigid truckshave rigid chassis
require longer turning radius
Can have higher capacity reaching 400 tonnes
Articulated dump trucksHave articulated chassis
Require shorter turning radius
Maneuver on rough terrain
Suitable on wet groundCapacity not exceeding 60 tonnes with current
designs
Have normally three axle with four wheel or six wheel
drive
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MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC DRIVE
Mechanical drive power-trainThe main components of a mechanical drive system
for a mining truck comprise: diesel engine, torque
converter, drive shaft, transmission, differential and
final drive; and featureFully automatic power-shift transmission for operator
comfort and reduction of component stress
Three to six gear ratio and one reverse
Front mounting for engine provides cleaner
environment, good cleaning system air flow and less
filter maintenance
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MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC DRIVE
Mechanical drive power-trainThe main components of a mechanical drive system
for a mining truck comprise: diesel engine, torque
converter, drive shaft, transmission, differential and
final drive; and featureFully automatic power-shift transmission for operator
comfort and reduction of component stress
Three to six gear ratio and one reverse
Front mounting for engine provides cleaner
environment, good cleaning system air flow and less
filter maintenance
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MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC DRIVE
Electric drive power-train
An alternate current electric-drive truck contains
a diesel engine, inverter control cabinet
(including rectifiers and inverters), resistor grid
box, alternator, drive shaft, generator and final
drive/wheel motors. Some companies also regard
the retarding system, brakes and wheels as part
of the powertrain.
Control system Grid box for disipation of heat during retardation
DC motors in the hab of each drive wheel or ineach drive axle in
the largest sizes.
Motor module includs gear reduction and brake
Blowers for generators and motors.
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MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC DRIVE
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MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC DRIVE
Mechanical drives advantages
Require electric grid to transfer power
More flexible
Available in lower capacity trucks and higher capacity trucks
Electric drive advantages
An AC electric drive system offers several operational advantages over
mechanical drive for haul trucks:
increased efficiency (lower fuel consumption);
higher speed on ramp, reducing cycle time (productivity);
greater retard capability resulting in higher speeds going downhill,thus reducing cycle time;
increased availability (AC motors require less maintenance);
increased reliability (state-of-the-art on-board and off-board
diagnostics, reducing the chances of premature failure); and
lower maintenance costs (fewer parts to replace)
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TYPES OF MINE TRUCKS
Bottom dumpingThe bottom dump discharges material by opening the
bottom of the body.
Tractor-trailer 3 axle units (one steering, one driving,
one trailing) or
rigid frame 2 axle units (one steering one driving )
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BASIC TRUCK OPERATION
Loading
Truck bodies are filled byfront-end loaders,
hydraulic excavators,
electric shovels and / or
bucket wheel excavators,
Loading takes place while the truck is positioned so
as to optimize the operational cycle of the specific
excavating unit.
In properly matched cyclic loading machines normally
require 3 to 5 passes to fill the truck.
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BASIC TRUCK OPERATION
Hauling cycleLoading
Traveling loaded; periods of accelerating, deceleration
and operating in grades. Speed depends on roadconditions, traffic truck rimpull capabilities and haul
distances
Dumping with time for maneuvering
Returning to the loading area empty with time formaneuvering
Waiting time - until the truck before is loaded
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BASIC TRUCK OPERATION
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TRUCK APPLICATION
Rear dump trucks are used when:The material hauled is free flowing, or has bulky
components
The hauling must dump into a specific point or over theedge of a bunk or a bank fill
Maximum maneuverability in the loading and dumping
are is required
Bottom dump trucks are used when:When the material to be hauled is free flowing
There are unrestricted loading and dumping sites
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ESTIMATING SCRAPER PRODUCTION
Mine truck major specifications
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Thank You
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What is a dozer or Bulldozer?
2. Name some of the mining related work.
3. What is the difference between a machine and an equipment?
4. Name the major planning stages where equipemnt selection is
studied and refined.
5. The type of equipment to be deployed depends on the type of
mining (mining method). Name the aspects that determine the
mining method to be used.
6. Ones the type of mining is selected, what aspects influence
equipment selection?
7. Describe how altitude, overburden properties, and production rate
affect equipment selection. Calculate owning and operating cost
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ASSIGNMENT
1. Present a description of mine trucks
2. Describe similarity between rigid and
articulated mine trucks3. Describe difference between rigid and
articulated mine trucks
4. Describe how diesel mine trucks function
5. Describe how electric driven mine trucksfunction
6. Name major difference between diesel driven
and electric driven mine trucks