8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 1/19

Working togfor a safer w

Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues

An overview

Sophia ThemelarouLloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil unker Analysis and Advisory Servi!e "FOAS#

ELINA PROJECT – 5th FORUM, APRIL 25TH 2014

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 2/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

Overview

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 3/19

%ART &Fuel 'uality

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 4/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

(ntrodu!tion

• Bunker fuel is NOT a uniform product or product stream in itself 

• Various streams of heavy residues and lighter cutter stocks are used tomake the final blend

• Product in bunker tanks on board the ship is the result of optimization

between production costs and compliance with specifications

• Composition of fuel delivered to ships has changed over the last fewdecades

• Rising costs and fluctuations in feedstock quality as well as optimized

refining techniques make fuels more comple in nature

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 5/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

$arine Fuel Oils

Residual fuel oils

Blended from!

"tmospheric residues

Vacuum residues

Visbroken residue

Process residues# distillate

$istillates

Blends usually for $%C grades onl

  ' ("%)*

Grades (ISO 8217:2010):

RMA10, RMB30, RMD80

RME180

RMG180, RMG380, RMG500RMG700, RMK380, RMK500, RMK700

Grades (ISO 8217:2010):DMX, DMA, DMZ and DMB

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 6/19

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 7/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

%ain target blend specification

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 8/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

From Fuel )ompati*ility to Sta*ility

+nit sheets

"sphaltene stacks

,tart of agglomerate

formation

"sphaltene deposits

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 9/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

 Two+)omponent $odel "Shell, &-.#

• Fuel oil system consists of two pseudo components:

• "sphaltenes ! largest- most polar molecules with a tendency toform a separate phase Ass!ned "a#$e! (R ma .insolubility number/

• %altenes ! the rest of the solution which acts as a solvent for theasphaltenes Ass!ned "a#$e! Po .solubility number/

  Fuel is stable as long as Po > FR max (or Po/FR max >!

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 10/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

Fuel 'uality /ey (ssues

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 11/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

(s sludge generation a pro*lem0

1

.23 of the total investigation !ases of FOAS ".4&5# were sludge6 7lter !logging

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 12/19

%ART .Future development

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 13/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

8missions regulations drivers

• ,01

• 201

• C03

• Particulate %atter

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 14/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

$arine 89haust 8mission )ontrols

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 15/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

Sulphur 8missions Regulatory Framework

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 16/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

)urrent 8mission )ontrol Areas "8)A+SO9#

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 17/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

Redu!ing 8missions :  The Re7neries %erspe!tive

• Currently shipping is a wide residual fuel market ' low value by product' bsignificant investment required to deliver 45675 8 45695: , fuel ; 3597&3

<ill abatement technologies or "lt ; fuels ease demand on refineries*  <ill emissions technology evolve resulting in more stranded refinery

investment risk*

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 18/19

Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS

 Alternative Fuels0

8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-lr-spotlight-on-marine-fuel-quality 19/19

Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register ;roup Limited, its su*sidiaries and a<liates=)opyright > Lloyd’s Register ?8ntity@= .4&5= A mem*er of the Lloyd’s Register group=

Sophia ThemelarouFOAS Assistant Spe!ialist, $arine Fuels 8nvironmentFuel Oil unker Analysis and Advisory Servi!e "FOAS# T B54 .&4 C-D4 DEC 8 sophia=themelaroulr=org

Gelleni! Lloyd’s SADE, Akti $iaouli Street

%iraeus, &D- 5D

Working togfor a safer w