4 imperial decline
TRANSCRIPT
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Bj{fsbo` Efi`blf
[d`bubio` Jdlosigbfy
Cveegbyu Yuv{oy
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Ohufs Oygdmoyefoug 393 CI1 {d bubio efiblf yfu bl ole ugf fj{bsf cfnol ud csfom v{ Idlublvolif dh ugf jfusd{d`buol osfo fxd`xbln dh idsf sfnbdly blud blef{fleflu yuoufy
Nolnfy [`obly sfjoblfe ugf lvi`fvy dh ugf yviifyybxf mblnedjy
Ugf sfoydly oyyvjfe hds ugby efi blf bli`vef1
O sfxd`u hsdj ugf Csogjoly evf ud Oygdmoy{sd*Cveegbyu {d`bir
Gby dcyfyybdl ~bug ldl*xbd`flif fe ud ugf fjoyiv`oubdl dh ugf dh ugf osjr orbln ugf idvlusr d{fl
ud blxoybdl
Yusobl dl ugf usfoyvsr evf ud ugf lffe hds jobluoblbln xoyu osjbfy, ole hblolif yoosbfy dh
cvsfovisoir ole idyu dh fyuoc bygbln yfuu `fjfluy
O sfidse dh hojblf bl foyufsl Blebo, ~bug ugf sfxflvf hsdj onsosbol osfoy ldu cfbln yvhhbibflu ud
jobluobl ugf flubsf fj{bsf
Bj{fsbo` Efi`blf
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Ugf bjjfebouf gfbsy1Ygvlnoy, 'Csogjol hojb`r" dhhbibo`y vlefs ugf Jovsroy
Diiv{bfe ~bug ~osy1 ioj{obnlbln onoblyu ugf ydvugfsl lfbngcdvsy bl ugf Efiiol, Gf` flbyubi Nsffm
blsdoey hsdj ugf ldsug*~fyu ole Moblnoud ugf ydvug foyu
^bugbl gvlesfe rfosy, ugf mblnedj e~ble`fe ud ugf cdvleosbfy dh Jonoeoole bu hsblnfy
Jdlosigbio yryufjy ~fsf jdsf ~befy{sfoe
Yfidleosr yuoufy1 Moblnovlefs Mgosoxfo oyydiboufe ~bug Aoblo jdloyufsbfy, Udyob efxf`d{fe oy
Cveegbyu ybuf
Ouusbcvufy dh sdro ur yvig oy idlqvfyu, {ousdlonf ole ugf ~f hosf dh ugf yvcafiuy ~fsf oiifluvoufe,
sdrour cfbln fj{goybyfe bl ugf yiv`{uvsfy ole sf bfhy bl ugf yvssdvlebln ioxfy
Jv`ub{`f iflusfy dh {d`bubio` ojcbubdl fjfsnflif dh sfnbdlo` yuoufy
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Ygomoy, [osugboly, Mvygoloyole Myguso{oy
Ldjoebi {oyudsobyuy bl ugf blufsoiubdl ~bug fwbyubln mblnedjy fxd`xfe blud o {ouufsl ~bug ugf
ldjoey edjbloubln yfefluosr ydibfubfy nbxbln sbyf ud mblnedjy
Sobey ole idlusd` dxfs nsobln nsdvley igolnfe ud idlusd` dxfs ole oejblbyusoubdl dh sfydvsify
Ygomoydh ifluso Oybo1 oiqvbsfe yd{gbyubioubdl sfh`fiufe bl ugfbs cvsbo igojcfsy nsoxfy
idlyusviufe bl ubjcfs, xosboubdly bl ybf ole idluflu coyfe dl ydibo ebhhfsfluboubdl
[d{v`oubdl bj{oiuy bl ifluso Oybo 'cvbebln dh ugf Nsfou ^o` dh Igblo, hojblfy ole idlublvbln sobey"
`fe ud jbnsoubdly ole jdxfjfluy bj{oiu dl ldsugfsl Blebo
Lfwvy cfu~ffl Sdjol usoef ole ifluso Oybo yffl oy ol oxflvf ud {sdy{fsbur ybjb`os ud usoef
cfu~ffl ugf Jfebufssolfol oy {osu dh ugf Sdjol fj{bsf ole ~fyufsl Blebo
Mvygoloerloyur1 jor goxf sfoife ugf jbee`f dh ugf Nolnfy {`obly bj{dsuolu ibubfy bmf[vsvygo{vso, Jougvso
Ugf ufss bs udsbo y{ol, blufsjblnbln dh {fd{`fy `fe ud sdro {ousdlonf fwuflebln ud xosbdvy
sf bnbdly Cveegbyj, Aoblbyj, Cgonxouoole Ygobxoyfiuy, Qdsdous bolbyjole ugf Gf` flbyubi iv uy
Mvygolondxfslolif nsoevo`r ebjblbygfe ifluso Oybo blufsxflubdl ~bug idlqvfyuy, jbnsoubdly ole
idjjfsif ygomoy{vygfe ydvug~osey bl ugf sfnbdly dh Mvuig, Mougbo~os ole Jo~o
Jv`ub{`f iflusfy dh {d`bubio` ojcbubdl fjfsnflif dh sfnbdlo` yuoufy
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Youoxogoloy
?yu ifluvsr CI1 Youoxogoloerloyur fyuoc bygfe bl ~fyufsl Efiiol ydjfubjfy io`fe ugf Olegso
erloyur hojb r dsbnbloufe bl ugf ~fyu ole `oufs fwuflefe buy idlusd` ud ugf foyufsl idoyu ~bug ugf
lojf Olegso
[ouufsl dh igbfhedjy ole mblnedjy * ugf lf~`r fyuoc bygfe mblny {fshdsjbln Xfebi yoisbhbify oy ol
oiu dh `fnbubjboubdl Ugf ~fyu idoyu ~oy cfidjbln o idlufyufe osfo onnsoxoufe cr ugf usoef hsdj Sdjol Fnr{u
Ugf Efiiol cfiojf ugf idllfiubln blm ldu dl`r bl {d`bu biy, bl usoef ole ybnlbhbiolu`r bl ugf y{sfoe
dh Cveegbyj ole Aoblbyj
Ugf ~fomflbln dh ugf Youoxogoloy idssfy{dlebln blisfoyf bl ugf {d~fs dh `dio ndxfsldsy
i`objbln blef{fleflu yuouvy
9se 5ug ifluvsr CI1Ygo`olmoroloy, Csbgou{o`oroloy ole Bmygxomvyosdyf ydvug bl ugf
{flblyv`o
Bmygxomvy1dioufe hvsugfs ydvug dh ugf Msbyglo xo`fr ygd~fe o nflefs ebxbybdl dh {ousdlonf
ugf mblny {fshdsjfe Xfebi yoisbhbify ole ~djfl ~fsf nflfsdvy edldsy ud Cveegbyu Yolngo
Jv`ub{`f iflusfy dh {d`bubio` ojcbubdl fjfsnflif dh sfnbdlo` yuoufy
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Fxd`vubdl dh usoebln iflusfy dh xosbdvy mbley * cr ugf efxfd{jflu dh hos*sfoigbln sdvufy
Nsfoufs eby{fsyo dh isohuyjfl, ~bug jolr nougfsbln bl iflusfy ~gfsf ugfsf ~fsf josmfuy
Yjo`fs fwigolnf iflusfy dioufe bl ugf {sdwbjbur dh ydvsify, ~gb f osnfs josmfuy ~fsf bl ud~ly
Idoyuo` ygb{{bln ~oy idjjdl ~oufs sdvufy cfbln igfo{fs ugol `ole sdvufy cvu ugf eolnfs dh {bsoufy
o`yd joef bu fw{flybxf
Jovsroy goe cvb u o Sdro G bng~or hsdj Uowb`o ud [ouo`b{vuso idlublvdvyr sfcvb`u ou ugf ubjf dh
Ygfsygog, ugf Jvngo`y ole ugf Csbubyg 'Nsole Usvlm sdoe" ~bug buy ivssflu sfxbxo oy Loubdlo Gbng~or ld ?
Ugf Efiiol cfiojf o gbxf dh josmfu iflusfy, {sdeviubdl iflusfy ole Cveegbyu jdloyufsbfy
~gfsf joadsbur dh ugf jfno`bugy, ugf yuv{oy ole hdsubhbfe yfuu`fjfluy fxd`xfe
Ugf oiubxbur bl ifluso Oybo {oso`f`fe bl ugf gbyudsbio fjfsnflif dh ugf Yb m Sdvuf ole ugf usoef ugou bu
iossbfe ldu o yblnf blfos sdvuf blids{dsoufe lvjcfs dh csoligfy ugou `fe dhh hsdj doyby ud~ly Doyfy
~fsf {`oify ~gfsf olbjo`y hds ugf iosoxoly idv`e cf sf{`oife ds sf{`flbygfe ole osjfe fyidsuy sfisvbufe ud
dxfsidjf colebuy ole yfxfsf i bjoubi idlebubdly
Blebol usoefsy ~fsf fyuoc bygblnusoebln yuoubdly ole jfsigolu id`dlbfy sfjduf sfnbdly ~fsf cfbln
d{flfe v{ cr ugf jfsigoluy oy ~f` oy Cveegbyu jbyybdlosbfy Blebol jfsigolebyf ~oy id{{fs, yoleo`~dde,
ufom ole fcdlr ole fw{ds uy ud Blebo bli`vefe {fos`y, erfy, ~blf, eoufy, nd`e
Lfu~dsm dh sdvufy ole Usoebln iflusfy
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Fidldjbfy dh Fwigolnf
Ugsdvng o` ugf {d bubio` xbibyybuvefy dh ugf Ygvlnoy, Molxoy, Bled*Nsffmy, Ygomoy, Mvygoloy, Youoxogoloy, Bmygxomvy,
Igfsoy, Igd`oy ole [oleroy, ugfsf ~oy ol blisfoybln xbybcb bur dh ugf jfsigolu ole ugf osubyol ougdvng ~bug
sfnbdlo xosboubdly bl buy {sfyflif
Bled Nsffm mblny yusflnugflfe idluoiu ~bug ~fyufsl Oybo ole ugf foyufsl Jfebufssolfol
UgfYgomoy, [osugboly ole Mvygoloycsdvngu iflus o Oybo blud ugf dscbu dh ugf Blebol jfsigolu, ~gbig bl uvsl
flidvsonfe idjjfsif ~bug IgbloNogo{ouby, nflfso` r ugf osnf oled~lfsy, osf jfu ~bugbl xdubxf blyisb{ubdly oy edldsy ud Yolngo
[sdeviubdl ole fwigolnf ~fsf hoib`buoufe ugsdvng ugf blyubuvubdl dh ugf ygsflb
Ugfyf dsnolbyoubdly flgolife {sdeviubdl fyyflubo` ud idjjfsif * ol bj{ds uolu hoiuds bl vscol bhf
Osubyuy adblfe oygsflb bu ~oy ebhhbiv`u ud idj{fuf oy blebxbevoy ~bug {sdhfyybdlo dsnolbyoubdly ole bu dhhfsfe
o yuouvy ole efnsff dh yfivsbur 'Osugoygoyuso osubyoly dh olr isohu idlyubuvuf o nvb`e"
Ugfygsflbhbwfe sv`fy dh ~dsm ole ugf qvobur dh ugf hblbygfe {sdeviu, buy {sbif bl dsefs ud yohfnvose cdug ugf
osubyol ole ugf ivyudjfs Collfsy ole blybnlbo dh ugf nvb ey ~fsf iossbfe bl {sdifyybdly, ef{biufe dl
yiv`{uvso {olf`y oyydiboufe ~bug ydjf Cveegbyu Yuv{oy oy ~f ` oy gdldvsbln ugf nvb`ey hds ugfbs edloubdly ud
sf bnbdvy blyubuvubdly sfidsefe oy xdubxf blyisb{ubdly
Sbyf dh ugf Jfsiolub`f Idjjvlbur i 3;; CI OE 9;;
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Fevioubdl, @bufsouvsf ole Yryufjy dh Mld~`fenf
O{osu hsdj ugfbs sd`f bl ugf fidldjr, ugf nvb ey {sdxbefe fevioubdl, ougdvng hdsjo fevioubdl
sfjoblfe `osnf`r bl ugf goley dh ugf Csogjoly ole ugf jdlmy dh ugf Cveegbyu ole dugfs jdloyufsbfy
Cr sfyusbiubln jfjcfsygb{ ud osubyoly dh o {osubiv`os isohu, ugf nvb ey cfiojf iflusfy dh ufiglbio
fevioubdl
Cveegbyuy idluflufe ugfjyf`xfy ~bug uvjvb yvssdvlefe cr nouf~ory ole sob blny, ds f`yf ioxfy dh o
ybj{`f mble ivu blud gb `ybefy Ugf osigbufiuvsf dh hsff yuolebln jdloyufsbfy ~oy ol fwuflybdl dh
edjfyubi osigbufiuvsf
Ugby {fsbde o`yd yo~ oyusdldjfsy ole idyjd`dnbyuy cfnol o ebo`dnvf ugou flsbigfe ugfdsbfy dh ubjf
Ugf ygbhu ~oy hsdj mld~`fenf coyfe dl fw{fsbflif o`dlf ud ol bli`vybdl dh fw{fsbjflu ole olo`ryfy,
efsbxfe hsdj {soiubif ole hsdj hdsjo mld~`fenf
Sbyf dh ugf Jfsiolub`f Idjjvlbur i 3;; CI OE 9;;
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Ydibo` hdsjy
Fw{olybdl bl usoef ole idjjfsif o`yd jfolu ol blisfoyf bl nvbey, ~bug fj{`drjflu dh jolr jdsf
osubyoly ole nsfoufs oiifyy ud ~foug
!!ugf {dyu Nv{uo {fsbde yo~ ugf so{be fjfsnflif dh lf~ aouby, iv uy ole yuoufy, igo`flnbln yfu befoy,
~gbig onobl {sdevife o isd{ dh ldsjoubxf ufwuy ole idjjfluosbfy
Xdubxf blyisb{u bdly sfidsebln edloubdly ou yuv{o ybufy yvig oy Yoligb ole Cgosgvu idj{`fjflu ugf coy
sf bfh {olf`y bl {sfyflubln o {biuvsf dh ugf sfoydloc`r ~f` *dhh
^bug hf~ fwif{ubdly, ugfyf blyisb{u bdly sfidse edloubdly hsdj nvb ey, osubyoly, yjo `oled~lfsy, jdlmy
ole lvly
Sbyf dh ugf Jfsiolub`f Idjjvlbur i 3;; CI OE 9;;
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Cveegbyu sf`bnbdvy osigbufiuvsf idlybyufe dh xbgosoy,
jdloyufsbfy,yuv{oy, igoburogo``y, ydjf hsff*yuolebln ole ydjf
ivu blud sdim ou gb``ybefy
Ugf lf~ osigbufiuvsf ~dv`e goxf cffl efufsjblfe bl {osu cr sf bnbdvy
sfqvbsfjfluy ole ugf lffe ud ebyublnvbyg ugfyf cvbeblny hsdj ugf
edjfyubi osigbufiuvsf
Xdubxf blyisb{ubdlyo`yd goe ud cf i`fos`r eby{`orfe, lossoubxfy bl ugf
bhf dh ugf Cveego joef oiifyybc`f udnfugfs ~bug ugf jfyyonf ugfr
iossbfe, ole ugf diioybdlo idlnsfnoubdly dh ~dsygb{ dl {osubiv`os eory
goe ud cf oiidjjdeoufe, o` dh ~gbig sfqvbsfe ugf yusviuvsf ud cf
bj{sfyybxfr `osnf Ybf ~oy oyd o {dblufs ud {d~fs ole {sfyubnf *
efjdlyusoufe bl ugf blisfoybln ybqf dh ugf yuv{o
Osigbufiuvsf ole Xbyvo` fw{sfyybdl
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Ugf hsff*yuolebln idj{`fw goe fosr cfnbllblny ou Movygojcb, Yoligb ole Cgosgvu, cvu ~bug ugf
y{sfoe dh Cveegbyj jdloyubi idj{`fwfy nsoevo`r cfiojf jdsf f`ocdsouf, oy ~bug ugf jonlbhbiflu
jdloyufsr ou Uomgu*b*Cogb lfos [fygo~os
Ioxf jdloyufsbfy {sdcoc`r nsf~ dvu dh ugf blbubo ouufj{u ou yffmbln byd`oubdl
^gfsf ugf `dioubdl ~oy dl o usoef sdvuf bl o gb `r osfo, ugf sdim ivu idj{`fw ~oy louvso`,{osubiv`os`r bl ugf ~fyufsl Efiio ~bug buy `orfsfe xd`iolbi sdim, sf`oubxf`r foybfs ud fwioxouf
Ugf nsdvle {`ol dh ugf xbgoso, jdloyufsr, ~oy coyfe dl buy cfbln ugf sfybeflif hds o nsdv{ dh
jdlmy ole ugfsfhdsf,fxd`xfe hsdj edjfyubi osigbufiuvsf
O `osnf idvs urose y{oif ~oy yvssdvlefe cr sd~y dh yjo sddjy ugf if``y hds ugf jdlmy Ugfidvsurose ydjfubjfy goe o xdubxf yuv{o~gbig ~oy vyfe hds idlxdioubdl dh jdlmy Bu idv`e o`yd cf
vyfe hds idjjvlbur jfo`y
Osigbufiuvsf ole Xbyvo` fw{sfyybdl
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Ugf dsbnbl dh ugf Cveegbyu yuv{o, usoife ud {sf*Cveegbyu cvsbo` jdvley, ~oy o gfjby{gfsbio jdvle
cvb u dxfs o yoisfe sf bi fbugfs dh ugf Cveego gbjyf h ds dh o yoliubhbfe jdlm ds yoblu Ugf sf bi ~oy
nflfso` r mf{u bl o ioymfu ugou ~oy {`oife bl o yjo`fs igojcfs bl ugf iflusf dh ugf yuv{o O ibsiv`os
{`ouhdsj {sdxbefe ugf coyf hds yfjb*y{gfsbio` esvj ds uvjv`vy Ugby ~oy h`ouuflfe ou ugf ud{ ud
oiidjjdeouf o yjo` yqvosf {`ouhdsj hsdj ~gbig o ygohu sol ed~l hds ugf sf bi ioymfu Ou ugf iflusf dh
ugf yqvosf ~oy o {dyu ~bug o yfsbfy dh yv{fsbj{dyfe vjcsf`oy Flibsi bln ugf esvj ~oy o hflife {oug
yrjcd bio` r yf{osoubln ugf yoisfe hsdj ugf {sdholf
Vl bmf ugf ufj{dsosr yoliubhbioubdl dh ugf `dioubdl dh ol osfo hds ugf yoisbhbif, ugf yuv{o~oy o
{fsjolflu`r efjosioufe yoisfe {`oif Ugf sf biy yrjcd bfe ugf {sfyflif dh ugf Cveego ds ugf {fsydl
cfbln xflfsoufe, ole ugf yuv{ocfiojf ol dcafiu dh ~dsygb{
Vlefs blbln ugf yf{osoubdl dh ugf yoisfe ole ugf {sdholf osfoy ~oy ugf y{b bln dvu dh eob r bhf, oy
ef{biufe bl ugf coy sf bfhy iosxfe dl ugf sob blny ole nouf~ory
Osigbufiuvsf ole Xbyvo` fw{sfyybdl
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@DIOUBDL
? Cbjcbyoso, Mbln dh Jonoego < idlufj{dsosr dh Cveego
3 Gf cvb`u o jdloyufsr lfos gby io{buo < o ygfufs evsbln jdlyddlyhds ugf Fl bnguflfe dlf ole gby ebyib{`fy
9 ^gou by o yvbuoc`f dioubdl ldu udd hos hsdj ibur oyd ldu ~bugbl
foyr sfoig dh {fd{`f O {`oif idlifo`fe hsdj ugf nflfso xbf~ ole~f` yvbufe hds o yfi`vefe bhf
5 ^gr {sdwbjbur ud ibur4
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EFXF@D[JFLU
? Vlefs Jovsrol erloyur < Yjo` jdloyufsr ybuvoufe ou ugfjdvluobl sbenf ou Yoligb
3 Vlefs Ygvlnol erloyur '{dyu efi blf dh Jovsrol erloyur" < Xbebygocfiojf ugf sdro sfybeflif dlf dh ugf jdyu {d~fshv` ibubfy bl
ifluso Blebo9 Vlefs Nv{uo erloyur < Efi`blf Yoligb ef{sbxfe dh buy fidldjbi
coyby dh buy fwbyuflif
5 ?9ug Ifluvsr OE < Yoligb ~oy ocoledlfe cr ugf `oyu jdlmy
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YOLIGB '9se
iflu CI ??ug
iflu OE"
? Jdyu jdlvjfluy dioufe dl h`ou ud{ dh gb`
3 Hou {`oufov yvssdvlefe cr o yudlf ~o` < oeefe evsbln oyu{goyf dh diiv{oubdl ?;ug ??ug ifluvsr
9 Ugby dlf by diiv{bfe cr ugf joadsbur dh hfouvsfy < `osnfyujdlvjflu 'Yuv{o B" ole o yjo`fs sf{ bio 'Yuv{o BBB"
5 Dugfs febhbify < coyfjfluy dh yjo`fs yuv{oy,o{ybeo*flefeygsblfy, yusviuvso ufj{`fy ole jdloyusbfy= o`yd hsff*yuoleblnid`vjly
6 Ugfyf osf obe dvu bl 9 nsdv{y
8 Ol olibflu {oug efyifley ud ugf {`obl hsdj ugf L^ idslfsdh ugf {`oufov
> Cflfoug ugf gb ` ud ugf ~fyu by oldugfs jdloyufsr ole oyuv{o
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xfebmo
igousoroygub
[soeomygblo {ougo
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YOLIGB '9se
iflu CI ??ug
iflu OE"
? Hdvs flusolif nouf~ory * L,Y,F ole
3 Ldsug ole Ldsug ~fyufsl osfo Ugf ldsugfsl flusolif foey udYuv{o 9= yvssdvlefe cr Ufj{`f 9? ole yfsbfy dh hsff yuolebln {b `osyUd~osey L yuoley Yuv{o ?
9 Ydvugfsl osfo diiv{bfe cr o yusviuvsf 'cvb`ebln 59" ~gbig ebhhfsybl {`ol hsdj dugfsy dl ybuf= o isvibhdsj cvb ebln dh vlifsuobl{vs{dyf goy sdvle coyubdly ou ugf idslfsy o` ugby ~bugbl svbly dhjdloyubi fyuoc bygjflu
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YUV[O B '9se
ud ?yu
iflu CI ole 6ug
iflu OE"? JOBL UFSSOIF
o Idlybyuy dh o yd`be gfjby{gfsf 988j '?3;hu" bl ebojfufs
c Ygdsuflfe ou ud{ ole isd~lfe ~bug us b{`f yudlf vjcsf``o yfu ~bugblo yqvosf sob bln
i Gbng ibsivos ufssoif o{{sdoigfe cr edvc`f yuobsioyf 'Y ybef" cvb`uonoblyu ugf coyf
e Yudlf {oxfe {sdifyybdlo {oug~or ou nsdvle `fxf` by efhblfe crflibsi bln co`vyusoef
f Oiifyy ud ugby {oyyonf by ugsdvng hdvs nouf~ory
h [sfyflu Yuv{o flioyfy ol fos`bfs dlf dh ocdvu goh ugf ebjflybdl,
cvb`u dh cvslu csbimy ole hsdj ugf 9se ifluvsr CIn Ifluvsr `oufs ugf yuv{o ~oy fl`osnfe ole hoife ~bug yudlf ud
{sdevif ugf {`ol ole hdsj `osnf`r xbybc`f udeor
g Ugf vlsf`bfxfe hocsbi dh ugf yuv{o idlusoyuy ~bug ugf {dyuy olesob blny dh ugf flibsi bln co`vyusoef
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b Ugfyf osf iosxfe ~bug jfeo`bdly eby{`orbln jdubhy dh h`d~fsy,
olbjoy, cbsey, gvjol hbnvsfy ole jrugd`dnbio cfblny
a Ugf covyusoef by ebxbefe blud hdvs qvoesoluy cr @*ygo{fe{sdafiubdly dh ugf sob bln ou ugf ioseblo` ebsfiubdly < @foe ugfefxduff i`dim~byf bl ugf {sdifyybdlo {oug
m Ugsdvngdvu ugf covyusoef ugfsf by sf{sdeviubdl dh sfjosmoc`f~dde ufiglbqvfy dl yudlf
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3 NOUF^ORY
? Lfwu fjcf`bygjflu osf hdvs f`ocdsouf`r iosxfe nouf~oryoeefe bl ?yu ifluvsr CI < bjbuouf ufiglbqvfy dh ~ddeflidlyusviubdl
3 Ugfsf osf hdvs nouf~ory bl L,Y,F ole 9 Foig nouf~or idlybyuy dh u~d yqvosf {dyuy isd~lfe ~bug o
yfu dh hdvs bdly, f`f{goluy ds {du*cf` bfe e~oshy
5 Ugfyf yv{{dsu ugsff osigbusoxfy~bug yisd``fe fley udoigbfxf ol dxfso` gfbngu dh ocdvu 76 j '37hu"
6 Cfu~ffl ugf osigbusoxfy osf iosxfe f`f{golu*s befsy ole
gdsyf*sbefsy8 [sdafiubln hsdj ugf ud{y dh ugf {dyuy ole lduigfe blud ugf
fley dh ugf `d~fyu osigbusoxf osf csoimfuy iosxfe oy nsoifhv`jobefly i`vuigbln usffy
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3 NOUF^ORY
8 Dugfs dslouf hfouvsfy Ugf {dyu ole osigbusoxfy osf idxfsfe ~bug yiv`{uvsfy ~bug solnf dhyvcafiu jouufs b `vyusoubln f{bydefy dh Aouomo fnfley
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9 YUV[O 9 '3LE
IFLUVSR CI ?YU
IFLUVSR OE"
? Jdef`fe dl Yuv{o B cvu yjo `fs bl ebjflybdl
3 Dl`r dlf nouf~or
9 Edjf by jdsf gfjby{gfsbio, isd~lfe ~bug yblnf vjcsf``o ole ~oycvb`u udnfugfs ~bug buy yuobsioyf ldu `dln ohufs ugf sfidlyusviubdl dhYuv{o B
5 Sob`bln ole iosxfe nouf~or osf ybjb`os ud Yuv{o B cvu blhfsbds bl~dsmjolygb{ ole {sdcoc`r cf`dln ud ?yu ifluvsr OE
6 Ugf yd`be edjfy gdvyfy sf`biy dh Cveegoy u~d hdsfjdyu ebyib{fy
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5 YUV[O 3 '3le
IFLUVSR CI"
o Yuoley dl ol osubhbibo ufssoif hvsugfs ed~l ugf gb`` hsdj jdloyufsr
c Sfyfjc`fy Yuv{o 9 bl ybf ole ygo{f, cvu ugfsf by ld nouf~or ldsolr dugfs fwufslo` hfouvsfy
i ^f`` {sfyfsxfe covyusoefy ~bug hdvs P`*ygo{fe flusolify ugouefhblf ugf {sdifyybdlo {oug~or
e [dyuy dh ugf covyusoef osf oedslfe ~bug jfeo`bdly efidsoufe ~bugcdug h`dso ole {`olu efybnly ole ~bug sfo , jrugbio , ole idj{dybufolbjoy, cbsey, hbyg, lonoy, gvjol hbnvsfy, romygoy ole mbllosoy
f Ugf ~dsmjolygb{ by isvef vl`bmf Yuv{o ?
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6 DUGFS YUV[OY'3LE
IFLUVSR CI >
UG
IFLUVSR OE"
? Dugfs Yuv{oy bl ugf xbiblbur goxf sdvle ds yqvosf coyfjfluy
3 Yuv{o 5 3le ifluvsr CI fwbyuy dl`r oy o gfo{ dh `ddyf yudlfy
9 Yuv{o 6 goe ol bjonf dh Cveego dl o jdv`efe {fefyuo cvb`u onoblyuugf ydvugfsl ybef
5 Yuv{oy 37 ole 32 goxf gbng yqvosf coyfy ~bug jdv`eblnigosoiufsbyubiy dh Nv{uo fso
6 Yuv{oy ?3*?8 goxf yqvosf {`blugy ole cfdln ud 8ug >ug ifluvsr
8 Yuv{oy 8 ol > osf hsdj oufs ugol >ug ifluvsr
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8 ID@VJL '9se
*3
le
IFLUVSBFY CI 6
ug
IFLUVSR OE"
o Ugfsf ~fsf jolr hsff yuolebln id`vjly dh ~gbig Id`vjl ?;yuoley lfos Y nouf~or
c Ugby ~oy fsfiufe cr Oygdmo ~bug ol febiu hds Cveegbyu jdlmy udoxdbe yigbyjy 'ebxbybdl dh nsdv{y evf ebhhfsflify bl ugblmbln"
i Ugf id`vjl ~oy yvsjdvlufe cr o io{buo ~bug yiv`{uvsf dh hdvs
`bdly
e Dugfs id`vjly cf`dln ud {fsbdey xosrbln hsdj 3le ifluvsr CI ud6ug ifluvsr OE
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> UFJ[@FY'6ug
ifluvsr OE ud ??
ug
ifluvsr OE"
? Ufj{`f ?> '6ug iflu OE" bj{dsuolu fwoj{f dh fos`r yusviuvsoosigbufiuvsf evsbln ugf Nv{uo {fsbde
o Yjo` {`obl cvb`ebln idj{sbyfy o yqvosf yoliuvosr ole o l oeadbln{dsig ~bug hdvs hsff yuolebln {b `osy
c Ugf id`vjly goxf {fuo`fe io{buoy, yvsjdvlufe cr cdimy iosxfe
~bug yfoufe edvc`f*gfoefe bdly
i Ugf edds~or goy hd`bouf coley ~gbig by sddhfe ~bug h`ou y oc
3 Ufj{`f ?7 '>ug iflu OE"
o Cvb`u dl hdvleoubdl dh ol fos`bfs Igoburo go`, ugby ufj{`f idlybyuy dhol o{yf efhblfe cr ibsiv`os ~o`y ole id`vjlfe loxf ~bug ybef oby`fy=o` idluoblfe ~bugbl o ~o` dh sfiuolnfy
c Yfxfso` uo`` yoleyudlf id`vjly osf efidsoufe ~bug {osu ibsivosblibybdly hsojbln diuondlo yfiubdly 'o efybnl hojb bos hsdj ioxfosigbufiuvsf"
i Bl ?;ug ole ??ug ifluvsr ugf h`dds `fxf`y ~fsf sobyfe ole sbig`riosxfe edds aojcy ~fsf oeefe
e Xfyubnfydh yjo` yd be yuv{o yudde bl jbee`f dh ugf o{yf 'ld~ebyo{{fosfe"
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> UFJ[@FY'6ug
ifluvsr OE ud ??
ug
ifluvsr OE"
? Ufj{`f 9? '6ug ole ??ug iflu OE"
o Sfiuolnv`os ygsblf
c Flusolif hsdj Y
i Idluobly ol bjonf dh yfoufe Cveego ~bug ol focdsouf`r iosxfego`d
e Ugf {`ouhdsj ole {fefyuo dh ugf yusviuvsf cfdln ud ugf fos`r{fsbde
f Sfyu dh ugf yusviuvsf, fwif{u hds u~d Nv{uo id`vjly ugou yuole blugf jbee`f, osf hsdj o `oufs {fsbde
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7 JDLOYUFSBFY '>ug
ifluvsr OE"
JDLOYUFSR 6? '>ug iflu OE"
o Ybuvoufe dl yd{f
c Flusolif hsdj F ugsdvng joyybxf cvuusfyyfy
i Csbim {oxfe idvsurose by yf{osoufe hsdj xfsoleog cr sfnv`os`ry{oife id`vjl hddublny
e O y{oibdvy igojcfs bl ugf jbee`f dh ugf ybef jor goxfhvliubdlfe oy o igo{f cvu ~oy oufs idlxfsufe blud o {oyyonf~or
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Udsolo
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Udsolo
Xfebmo
Yuobsy
[soeomygblo {ougo
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Bllfs hoif dh foyu udsoloole {dsubdl dh xfebmo
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Udsolo,
bllfs hoif, ~fyu fle dh`d~fs osigbusoxfy
ole ~fyu {b `osio{buo`
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Efxdubdlo` yiflf^fyu udsolo, ydvug {b `os, ldsug hoif
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Yuobsioyf ou ugfydvug udsolo
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Cgosgvu yuv{o, Udsolo
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Cgosgvu yuv{o, yfiubdl dh xfebmo
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Ugf cossf xov ufe sddhy dh cvbeblny, ydjf jdsf ugol dlf yudsfr, osf o sfidnlbyfe hfouvsf
Cveegbyu lossoubxf osu cfiojf o nflsf, ~bug ugf lossoubxfy dh ugf bhf dh ugf Cveego ole b `vyusoubdly dh
ugf Aouomo yuds bfy Ugf `ouufs esf~ dl hd`m uofy ugou ~fsf ifxfs`r ~dxfl blud ugf cbdnso{gr dh ugf
Cveego ole yudsbfy dh gby {sfxbdvy cbsugy Ugfyf ef{biubdly osf blhvyfe ~bug o bxf blfyy ole diioybdlo
gvjdvs ugou jomf ugfj o {`foyvsf ud xbf~, ~gbf {sdxbebln blibybxf xbnlfuufy dh eob r bhf
Ou foig dh ugf hdvs ioseblo {dbluy ugfsf ~oy o csfom bl ugf sob bln hds o `osnf nouf~or, nbxbln ugf
yiv`{udsy hvsugfs yid{f ud ygd~ ugfbs ymb ` 'Dlf yvsxbxfe ou Cosgvu *3le ifluvsr CI * ebyjolu`fe ole
`denfe ou ugf Blebol Jvyfvj ou Io`ivuuo
Cfiovyf ugf yuv{o ~oy ol dcafiu dh ~dsygb{ jobluoblfe cr o jdloyufsr, buy `dioubdl ~oy nflfso`r ou
{`oify ~gfsf {fd{`f id``fiufe ol fwbyubln yoisfe ybuf, o {oif dh {b nsbjonf, ds o ldeo {dblu odln o
sdvuf hds usoxf`fsy Ojdln ugf jdsf blufsfyubln dh ugfyf by ugf yv{o ou Ojsoxoub, i`dyf ud o bj{sfyybxf
jfnobugbi cvsbo`
Osigbufiuvsf ole Xbyvo` fw{sfyybdl
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Ugf nouf~ory ~fsf coyfe dl ~ddefl {sdudur{fy vyfe bl xb `onfy ole ud~ly Ugf oegfsflif ud ugf
ugfjfy dh ~ddefl osigbufiuvsf ~oy iossbfe ugsdvng blud ioxf*osigbufiuvsf Gvnf ioxfy ~fsf evn blud
gb `ybefy, hd``d~bln ugf {`ol dh o jdloyufsr ds dh o igoburo go`
Ugf vyf dh ugf ~dse igoburo by yvnnfyubxf dh ugf {sf*Cveegbyu yoisfe fli`dyvsfy ugou ~fsf o sfnv`os {osu
dh ugf sbuvo dh ~dsygb{ bl ugf fos`r nolo*yolngoy gfsf ugf fwioxoubdl dh o ioxf ~oy oiidj{olbfe cr o
gvnf edloubdl cr o {ousdl, ojcbubdvy ouufj{uy ~fsf joef ud ybjv`ouf bl o yfsbfy dh ioxfy ugf flubsf
idj{`fw dh o yuv{o, o go dh ~dsygb{ ole o jdloyufsr 'fn1 Mos`f ( Cfeyo bl ugf Efiiol" Blufsfyubln`r
jfnobugbi sdim ivu ioxfy idluoblbln cvsbo`y ole nsoxf hvslbygblny osf hdvle ydvug dh Efiiol bl Mfsoo
Sdim*ivu jdloyufsbfy ole igoburoy diivs ~bug sfjosmoc`f idlybyuflir ou ybufy idlusd` bln usoef sdvufy
ole ugf {oyyfy dh ugf Efiiol, yvig oy ou Cong, Loybm, Avllos, Molgfs b, Cgoao, Mdleolf ole Mos`f O igobl
dh `osnf`r hsff yuolebln yuv{o ybufy ole jdloyufsbfy o`dln ugf foyufsl idoyu o`yd yvnnfyuy o sdvuf
Osigbufiuvsf ole Xbyvo` fw{sfyybdl
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Cfeyo1 [`ol dh ugf Igoburo ioxf
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[dsusobuvsf goe buy {ousdly ojdln
sdro ur, ~gfsf ef{biubdly dh mblny jdxfe
hsdj ugf idbly dh ugf Bled*Nsffmy ud
ugf bhf*ybf yuouvfy dh ugf Mvygoloy
Bl ugf fos bfs yuv{o yiv`{uvsfy ugfsf by
ld bjonf dh ugf Cveego, gby {sfyflif
cfbln blebioufe cr yrjcd`y yvig oy ugf
gdsyf ud sf{sfyflu flvliboubdl, o usff
'hbivy sf bndbyo" ud yvnnfyu gby
fl bngufljflu, o ~gff blebioubln ugf
hbsyu yfsjdl gf {sfoigfe, ole o yuv{o ud
fxdmf gby efoug ole lbs xolo gfl ugf
bjonf iojf ud cf fyuocbygfe oy o {osu
dh ~dsygb{, bu uddm dl `dio yur`fy, yvig
oy bl ugf {dsusobu yuouvfy dh ugf Cveego
hsdj Nolegoso, Jougvso ole Ojsoxoub
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Yiv`{uvsf evsbln ugby {fsbde cfnol oy ol oeavliu
dh osigbufiuvsf, cfbln fyyflubo` r dslojfluo dl
nouf~ory, sob`blny ole flusolify, ~gfsf eff{
sf bfh ~oy jbwfe ~bug hsff yuolebln yiv`{uvsf
Ojdln ugf `ouufs ~fsf ugf hbnvsfy dh romygoy
ole romygby fosrg y{bs buy dh ugf yuovy dh efjb*
ndey ole ~bef`r ~dsygb{{fe
Ugf Cveego goe d{{dyfe efbhbioubdl, rfu, cr ugf
hbsyu ifluvsr OE, gby bjonf ~oy iosxfe dl yudlf,
flnsoxfe dl sdim ds {oblufe, ole ~dsygb{{fe
Ugf cdegbyouuxo ~oy oldugfs lf~ befo, efhblfeoy ugf dlf ~gd ~dsmy hds ugf ndde dh
gvjolmble bl ol vlyf hbyg jollfs ole by ~b bln
ud hdsfnd lbsxolo vlub` yvig ubjf oy gby ~dsm by
idj{`fufe
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Bj{sdxfe idjjvlbioubdly fe ud ol blisfoyf bl {b nsbjonfy ugou d{flfe lf~ {`oify ole lf~ {soiubify
Ugf dsbnblo ediusblf ~oy sf*blufs{sfufe, o {sdifyy ugou `fe ud buy y{ bu blud u~d yigdd`y ugf Gblorolo
dh ugf @fyyfs xfgbi`f ole ugf Jogorolo dh ugf Nsfoufs xfgbi`f
Ugf jdsf dsugdedw Cveegbyuy jobluoblfe ugou ugf Gblorolo {sfyfsxfe ugf ds bnblo ufoigbln dh ugf
Cveego, ole ugou ugf Jogorolo goe blids{dsoufe lf~ befoy ldu idlybyuflu ~bug ugf dsbnblo ufoigbln
`foebln fxfluvo` r ud o nfdnso{gbio ebxbybdl, cvu ~bug ydjf dxfs`o{
Gblorolo Cveegbyj hdvle buy yusdlngd`ey bl Ysb @olmo, Jroljos ole idvlusbfy dh ydvug foyu Oybo,
~gfsfoy Jogorolo goe buy joads hd``d~bln bl ifluso Oybo, Ubcfu, Igblo ole Ao{ol
Osigbufiuvsf ole Xbyvo` fw{sfyybdl