4 bunebamaswavleblis wigni

maia bliaZe

rusudan axvlediani

Sinaarsi

1. Sesavali .........................................................................................................................5

2. detaluri komentarebi moswavlis wignis TiToeuli struqturuli

elementisa (Tavi, paragrafi, Tema) da misi Semadgeneli

nawilebis Taobaze ..........................................................................................................8

3. IV klasis bunebismetyvelebis standarti .........................................................12

4. saxelmZRvanelos Sesatyvisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan ...................19

5. bunebismetyvelebis swavlebis meTodebi ..........................................................22

6. gakveTilis dagegmva ................................................................................................43

7. meToduri rekomendacia specialuri saganmanaTleblo

saWiroebis mqone moswavleTa saganmanaTleblo procesSi

CarTvis Taobaze ...........................................................................................................47

8. gakveTilebis scenarebi da pasuxebi kiTxvebze ...............................................55

Tavi I. wyali da wylis brunva ....................................................................................57

Tavi II. organizmebis ZiriTadi jgufebi ................................................................76

Tavi III. ruka da geografiuli obieqtebi ...............................................................99

Tavi IV. moZraoba da Zalebi .....................................................................................128

Tavi V. organizmebis ganviTareba ..........................................................................142

9. Sefasebis formebi da rekomendaciebi ............................................................160

10. Semajamebeli testebi .........................................................................................175

11. Semajamebeli testebis pasuxebi ......................................................................191

12. damatebiTi masala maswavleblisaTvis ..........................................................206

57

Tavi I wyali da wylis brunva

gakveTili 1

Tema: wyali

gakveTilis saTauri: wyali da misi Tvisebebi

gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem unda SeZlos amoicnos, daasaxelos da aRweros wylis sxvadasxva saxiT arsebobis magaliTebi bunebriv garemoSi, ilustraciebze an sxva TvalsaCinoebebze.

kavSiri esg-is standartis SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun. IV.5. moswavlem unda SeZlos wylis agregatuli mdgo-

mareobis cvlilebis dakavSireba siTbos gadacemasTan.

bun. IV.7. moswavlem unda SeZlos bunebaSi wylis wrebrun-vis daxasiaTeba.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: amoicnobs da asaxelebs bunebriv garemoSi an/da ilus-

traciebze wylis sxvadasxva saxiT (siTxis, yinulis, orTqlis) arsebobis magaliTebs;

ilustraciebze an sxva TvalsaCinoebebze akvirdeba da aRwers bunebaSi wylis sxvadasxva agregatul mdgomare-obas.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:

1. cocxali da aracocxali buneba

1. cocxali organizmebi

2. atmosfero

3. mdinareebi, tbebi, mi-wisqveSa wylebi

4. yinulebi

5. zRvebi da okeaneebi

2. miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela WurWelSi Casxmuli wylis done erTnairia, SesaZloa maTSi sxvadasxva raodenobis wyali esxas, radgan yvela WurWels gansxvavebuli forma aqvs da amitom sxvadasxva raodenobis wyals daitevs.

3. magaliTad, Cais, yavis, kompotis dasatkbobad, roca maTSi Saqars amatebs; wvnianSi marilis damatebis dros da sxv.

4. mcenares wyali unda davusxaT, movrwyaT.

Caatare cda 1: wylis Tvisebebi

saWiro masala: ramdenime erTjeradi Wiqa, sxvadasxva formis WurWeli – boTli, sxvadasxva formis Wiqebi, qvabi, Tasi, wyali, limoni, Saqaris natexi, rZe, wveni, 2 cali kovzi an sawrupi Cxirebi, sunamo, abazanis marili.

1. wylian WiqaSi moCans kovzi, rZianSi – ara, imitom rom wyali gamWvirvalea, rZe ki ara.

2. wyals ara aqvs gemo.

58

3. wyals suni ara aqvs.4. wyali erTi Wiqidan meoreSi gadaiRvara, radgan is siTxea, e.i. wyali denadia.5. wyali siTxea, amitom mas sakuTari forma ara aqvs da im formas iRebs, ra formis

WurWelSic Caasxamen.

Caatare cda 2

saWiro masala: 2 cali Wiqa, wyali, qviSa, Saqris natexi, akvarelis saRebavi, kovzi.

qviSa wyalSi ar gaixsna, Saqari – piriqiT, gaixsna.wyalma sxva feri miiRo, radgan saRebavi wyalSi gaixsna.

wyali kargi gamxsnelia, masSi gaixsna Saqari, saRebavi.

gakveTilis msvleloba:

1. winare codnis gaaqtiureba – azrobrivi (asociaciuri) rukis Sedgena (15 wT)

uTxariT moswavleebs, rom wyali mniSvnelovani sityvaa da sTxoveT CamoTvalon:a ) wyalTan dakavSirebuli arsebiTi saxelebi – mag.: wvima, cvari, nami, teni, cremli,

ofli, nesti.b ) wyalTan dakavSirebuli zedsarTavi saxelebi – mag., wyliani, sveli, teniani, nes-

tiani, namiani, cvriani, gaJRenTili, gajerebuli, gapipinebuli, wvniani, dambali, Waobiani.

g ) wyalTan dakavSirebuli zmnebi – mag.: morwyva, daWaobeba, datenianeba, dasveleba, dalboba, CayvinTva, banaoba, wuwaoba, datborva, gaJRenTa.

moswavleTa pasuxebis mixedviT SeavseT asociaciebis sqema, romelic savaraudod aseTi saxis iqneba.

zedsarTavi saxelebi

arsebiTi saxelebi(wylis sinonimebi)

zmnebi

sveli

teniani

nestiani

wvniani

namiani dambali

wvima

cremli

cvari

ofli

dasveleba

dalboba

CayvinTva

morwyva

daWaobebabanaoba

wuwaoba

gaJRenTva

datborva

wyali

cvriani

gaJRenTili

Semdeg moswavleebi dayaviT 2-3 kacian jgufebad da sTxoveT maT CamoTvalon termine-bi, frazebi, romlebSic sityva `wyali~ gamoiyeneba. gaafrTxileT, rom siis Sedgenisas ar isargeblon leqsikoniT. magaliTisTvis uTxariT erTi an ori sityva – wylis SroSani, wyalburTi, wylis wisqvili, wylis gamaTbobeli da a. S

moswavleebs samuSaod mieciT daaxloebiT 5 wuTi. Semdeg hkiTxeT TiToeul jgufs, ramdeni sityva moamzades da waakiTxeT sityvebis sia xmamaRla.

59

2. praqtikuli muSaoba – cdebis Catareba wylis Tvisebebis Sesaswavlad (20 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, gamoTqvan TavianTi varaudebi an gaixsenon, ra ician wylis Tvise-bebis Sesaxeb. pasuxebis mosmenis Semdeg moswavleebTan erTad wylis Tvisebebis Sesaswavlad cdebi CaatareT, saWiro masala da cdebis Catarebis msvleloba ixileT moswavlis wignSi.

rekomendacia: TiToeuli cdis da cdis yoveli etapis Catarebis Semdeg sTxoveT mos-wavleebs, rveulSi gaakeTon Canawerebi, daskvnebi, SeniSvnebi.

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (5 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, daxuron TavianTi Canawerebis rveulebi. dafaze an flifCartze daxazeTsqema„wylisTvisebebi“dasTxoveTmaT,CamoTvalon,wylisraTvisebebiaRmoa-Cines maT cdebis Sedegad. maTi pasuxebis mixedviT SeavseT sqema (ix. nimuSi).

wylis Tvisebebi

4. Sefaseba (5 wT)

pozitiuri komentarebiT SeafaseT moswavleTa muSaoba gakveTilze. aRniSneT maTi miRwevebi, Sedegebi, aqtiuroba, damokidebuleba da ganwyoba samuSaos mimarT.

5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs, saxlSi Seasrulon savarjiSo N##NNNNNNNN1 da N4.

gakveTili 2

Tema: wyali

gakveTilis saTauri: wylis sami mdgomareoba

gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos msjeloba wylis agregatuli mdgomare-obis kavSirze garemoSi mimdinare movlenebTan (wvima, Tovli, setyva, wyalsatevebSi wylis gayinva).

kavSiri esg-is standartis SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun. IV.7. moswavlem unda SeZlos bunebaSi wylis wrebrun-

vis daxasiaTeba.

usuno

gamWvirvale

uformo

ugemo

denadi

gamxsneli

60

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: msjelobs bunebaSi wylis sxvadasxva agregatuli mdgo-

mareobis mniSvnelobaze;

bunebaSi wvimis da Tovlis warmoSobas akavSirebs wylis agregatuli mdgomareobis cvlilebasTan (mag., yinuli gaTbobisas wylad iqceva; wylis orTqli gacivebisas Txevaddeba, wyali ki iyineba).

gaixsene:

mzis sxivebis moqmedebis Sedegad dedamiwis zedapirze wyali Tbeba da orTqldeba. aorTqlebuli wyali maRla adis, civdeba, RrublebSi grovdeba da roca Rrubeli veRar Seakavebs wyals, wvima modis. zamTarSi wylis orTqli jer wylad iqceva, Semdeg ki iyineba da fifqebad gadaiqceva. am dros Tovli modis. gazafxulze an zafxulSi, Cveulebriv elWeqisa da Tavsxma wvimis dros modis setyva. am dros wyali swrafad orTqldeba. aorTqlebuli wyali zemoT aseve swrafad iyineba da yinulis marcvlebad anu setyvad gadaiqceva.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:

1. wyali bunebaSi gvxvdeba samive agregatul mdgomareobaSi. Txevadi saxiT zRvebsa da okeaneebSi, mdinareebSi, tbebSi, wyalsacavebSi, WaobebSi, miwisqveS. myari saxiT, anu gayinul mdgomareobaSi mTis mwvervalebze, dedamiwis civ regionebSi – arqti-kaSi (CrdiloeT polusTan) da antarqtidaSi. orTqlis anu airis saxiT haerSi (at-mosferoSi).

2. wylis aorTqleba – wylis Txevadi mdgomareobidan airad mdgomareobaSi gadasvla. wylis kondensacia – wylis airadi mdgomareobidan Txevad mdgomareobaSi gadasv-la. wylis gayinva – wylis Txevadi mdgomareobidan myar mdgomareobaSi gadasvla.

3. gaTbobis dros wyali orTqldeba, gayinvisas farTovdeba.4. siTbos miReba/STanTqmisas wyali myari mdgomareobidan TxevadSi gadadis, Txeva-

didan ki – airad mdgomareobaSi, anu orTqldeba. siTbos gacemisas ki piriqiT – ai-radi mdgomareobidan wyali jer TxevadSi gadadis anu kondensirdeba, Semdeg ki myar mdgomareobaSi anu iyineba.

5. wyali gaTbobis Sedegad Txevadi mdgomareobidan gadadis airad mdgomareobaSi anu orTqldeba. wylis orTqli warmoqmnis Rrublebs, saidanac wvima da Tovli modis.

ifiqre:

1. demetrem Tqva, rom Caidnidan boli amodiso, arada, wylis orTqli amodioda.2. zamTarSi kasrSi wyali gaiyina, gayinvis Sedegad gafarTovda da kasris fskers

forma Seucvala. roca gazafxulze yinuli dadna, kasris fskeri deformirebuli darCa.

Caatare cda 1:

saWiro masala: plastmasis Wiqa, wyali.wyali TandaTan iyineba. wylis gayinvis procesi WurWlis fskerTan iwyeba da TandaTan

zeda nawilSic adis.

Caatare cda 2:

saWiro masala: saswori, plastmasis Wiqa an boTli, wyali, saaTi.daskvna: gayinulwyliani boTli ufro msubuqia, vidre Txevadwyliani boTli, maSasa-

dame gayinuli wylis masa ufro naklebia Txevad wyalze.

61

Caatare cda 3:

saWiro masala: 2 cali erTnairi gamWvirvale Wiqa, wyali, lambaqi, markeri.pirvel WiqaSi wylis done ar Seicvala. meore WiqaSi wylis donem moiklo, radgan wyali

aorTqlda.

Caatare cda 4:

saWiro masala: sarke, saaTi, sayinule.sarke orTqliT daifara da daibura. cota xnis Semdeg masze wylis wveTebi gaCnda. Aam

movlenas kondensacia ewodeba.

gakveTilis msvleloba:

saWiro masala: yinulis kubebi, wyali, qimiuri Wiqa, wylis temperaturis sazomi Ter mometri, spirtqura, konteineri orTqlis kondensaciisTvis, qvabi an liTonis Tasi.

1. winare codnis gaaqtiureba – Sesavali saubari (15 wT)

aCveneT moswavleebs suraTebi da sTxoveT, upasuxon kiTxvebs:ra saerTo aqvT am suraTebs? (samive suraTze mocemulia wyali, oRond sxvadasxva mdgo-

mareobaSi. pirvel suraTze – yinulis anu myari saxiT, meoreze – Txevadi saxiT, xolo mesameze – orTqlis saxiT).

gaixseneT, sad gvxvdeba am mdgomareobebSi bunebaSi wyali. (myari anu yinulis saxiT mTis mwvervalebzea, civ regionebSi, Txevadi saxiT – zRvebSi, okeaneebSi, mdinarebSi, tbebSi, xolo airis anu orTqlis saxiT – haerSi.

uTxariT moswavleebs, rom wyali is erT-erTi iSviaTi nivTierebaa, romelic bunebaSic da saxlis pirobebSic SegviZlia vixiloT Txevad, myar da airad mdgomareobaSi.

wylis, rogorc sxva nivTierebebis mdgomareoba damokidebulia mis temperaturaze. rodesac Cven vaTbobT yinuls, is gadaiqceva wylad. wyali gaTbobisas gadaiqceva orTqlad, xolo Tu gavyinavT, gadaiqceva yinulad. dRes davakvirdeT, Tu ra pirobebia saWiro imi-saTvis, rom wyali erTi mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadavides.

2. praqtikuli muSaoba: cdebis Catareba da dakvirveba wylis erTi agregatuli mdgomareobidan sxva agregatul mdgomareobaSi gadasvlis procesze (20 wT)

rekomendacia: winaswar moamzadeT yinulis kubebi. sademonstracio magidaze dadgiT ori gamWvirvale WiqiT yinulis kubebi.

– hkiTxeT moswavleebs, Tu ras xedaven. (yinuls)

– romel mdgomareobaSia wyali? (myar mdgomareobaSi.)

– TqvenTvis Tu aris cnobili, ramden gradusze iyineba wyali? (0 gradusze)

moswavleebi gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebas. yvela mosazreba unda daiweros dafaze. SesaZloa, moswavleebma icodnen kidec swori pasuxi, magram TiToeul pasuxze imsjeleT da

62

daadgineT, ramdenad Seefereboda sinamdviles. amisaTvis erT WiqaSi CadeT Termometri da gadadgiT 5 wuTiT gril adgilas (mag., Taroze, romelic moSorebuli iqneba gamaTbobelsa da mzis Suqs).

meore Wiqidan yinulebi CayareT qvabSi an liTonis TasSi. hkiTxeT moswavleebs, gamoTqvan varaudi:

– ra daemarTeba am kubebs, Tu maT cecxlze SevaTbobT? (pasuxi: yinuli gadaiqceva wy-

lad, anu gadava Txevad mdgomareobaSi)dadgiT qvabi (Tasi) spirtquraze, daelodeT, sanam yinuli mTlianad ar galRveba.

hkiTxeT moswavleebs:– ra piroba SevqmeniT, rom myari yinuli Txevadad gadagveqcia? (pasuxi: cecxlze ga-

vaTbeT yinuli)– ra ewodeba gaTbobis saSualebiT yinulis wylad gadaqcevas? (pasuxi: lRoba.)sqematurad daxateT dafaze yinulis kubebi, wyliani Wiqa da aduRebuli wyali. daaka-

vSireT isini isriT, romelzec gakveTilis msvlelobisas gaakeTebT Sesabamis warwerebs.

dnoba

0°C.

aorTqleba

+100°C

duRili

– ra moxdeba, Tu gavagrZelebT wylis gacxelebas? (pasuxi: wyali TandaTan ufro gacx-

eldeba da aduRdeba.)

SesTavazeT moswavleebs, daakvirdnen, ra moxdeba wylis gacxelebisas. sanam wyali cxeldeba, unda SeamowmoT yinulis temperatura yinulebian WiqaSi. amisaTvis sTxoveT 3-4 moswavles, Seamowmon Termometris maCvenebeli.

Termometris maCvenebeli aris 0°C. es monacemi fiqsirdeba sqemaze yinulis naxatis zemoT. Tqveni daxmarebiT gamoitanon

daskvna, rom yinulis temperatura aris 0°C.am droisTvis wyali iwyebs duRils. moswavleebi aRweren duRils, rogorc buStukebis

simravlisa da orTqlis warmoqmnis process.– ra emarTeba wyals? (pasuxi: wyali orTqlad iqceva, anu gadadis airovan mdgomareobaSi.)– Tqveni azriT, ramden gradusze iwyebs wyali duRils?dawereT maTi mosazrebebi da SeamowmeT TiToeulis siswore TermometriT. moswav-

leebTan erTad, Termometris Cadebidan 2 wuTSi daafiqsireT Termometris maCvenebeli. igi aCvenebs +100°C.

– ramdeni yofila wylis duRilis temperatura? (pasuxi: +100°C.) es maCvenebeli unda dafiqsirdes duRilis amsaxveli naxatis zemoT. Tu qvabs cecxlze davtovebT SeZlebisdagvarad didxans, wyali gaagrZelebs aorTqle-

bas, sanam mTlianad ar aorTqldeba.– ra ewodeba siTxis airad qcevis process? (pasuxi: aorTqleba.) – ra pirobis Seqmnaa saWiro imisaTvis, rom wyalma aorTqleba daiwyos? (pasuxi: gaT-

boba.)

63

aorTqleba

kondensacia

+1000C

lRoba

00C.

gayinva

gadmodgiT cecxlidan qvabi (Tasi) aduRebuli wyliT da Tavze daaxureT gamWvirvale xufi. moswavleebi akvirdebian xufze wylis wveTebis warmoqmnis process. auxseniT, rom es wveTebi warmoiqmna wylis aorTqlebis Sedegad. dausviT kiTxva:

– ra ewodeba orTqlis wylad gadaqcevas? (pasuxi: am process kondensacia ewodeba.)

– rogor fiqrobT, kondensirebuli wyali SeiZleba myar mdgomareobaSi gadavides? rogor? (pasuxi: aseT wyals Tu gavacivebT 0°C temperaturaze, gaiyineba. e.i. myar mdgo-

mareobaSi gadava.)

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (5 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, gamoitanon daskvnebi da Seavson cxrili da diagrama:

daurigeT maT winaswar momzadebuli furclebi, romlebzec mocemulia cxrili da diagrama.

wylis sami mdgomareoba

wyali temperatura, 0CduRilis dros

gayinuli

64

cxrili da diagrama Sevsebuli saxiT:

myariairadi Txevadi

orTqli wyali yinuli

wylis sami mdgomareoba

kondensacia gayinva

aorTqleba galRoba

wyali temperatura

duRilis dros 100°Cgayinuli 0°C

samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg maTTan erTad ganixileT Sevsebuli cxrili da diagrama. gaasworeT Secdomebi.

4. Sefaseba (5 wT)

maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs furclebs, romlebzec daxazulia samsvetiani cxrili (ix. nimuSi).

+ _ saintereso

moswavleebi saTiTaod avseben cxrils. im grafaSi, romelSic weria niSani `+~ weren, ra moewonaT, ra daamaxsovrdaT gakveTilidan. `-~ niSniT aRniSnul grafaSi weren im sakiTxebs, romlebic maTTvis gaugebaria da dazustebas moiTxovs, xolo grafaSi `saintereso~ – im sakiTxebs, romelTa Sesaxeb meti surT gaigon. maswavlebeli krefs furclebs da ganix-ilavs moswavleebTan erTad.

5. saSinao davaleba

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ver moaxerxeT saxelmZRvanelodan yvela praqtikulis Catareba, sTxoveT moswavleebs, saxlSi Caataron isini da praqtikulebis safuZvelze upasuxon kiTxvas: razea damokidebuli wylis erTi agregatuli mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadasvla. aseve imuSaon rubrikaze `ifiqre~.