4 3rd wave
TRANSCRIPT
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Third Wave Politics
17 July 2014
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Review
Policies: Colonialism, onoculture,!m"ort #u$stitution !ndustriali%ation,Communism, #ocial &emocracy,Washin'ton Consensus
(alance $etween )reedom, e*uality,state "ower+
uthoritarian re'imes -o)ten militaryuntas im lementation o) Washin ton
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verview
What did the rd wave o)democrati%ation loo lie+
Who were the most "ower)ul "layersdurin' the transition+ Who are themost "ower)ul "layers today+
3ocus: military, civil society, "arties,"resident
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Theoretical (ac'round:What is democracy+
-lections -#chum"ter/
- lections 5 'ovt res"onsive to "oliticallye*ual citi%ens -&ahl6 "olyarchy/
- &ahl 5 citi%ens inuence 'ovt $etweenelections 5 inde"endent 'ovt -8arl and#chmitter/
- (asic civil li$erties 5 relatively com"etitive
elections 5 e9ective "ower to 'overn 5additional )eatures -Collier and evitsy/
- Procedural minimum de;nition -elections,
)ull su9ra'e, civil li$erties/ vs e
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0
10
20
0
40
=0
>0
70?0
Confdence in Institutions% o respondents with ‘a lot’ or ‘some’ confdence
From Latinobarometro data and Surveymonkey n!""#
2011 vera'e 1@@>62010 A# #urvey
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Theoretical (ac'round: Transitions to &emocracy
(ottom u" To" down, elite ne'otiations
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8ey Players:ilitary
!deolo'y
- Created nations, 'oal o) de)endin' la patria )rom internal and e
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ilitary: Patterns o)Partici"ation
1@10s: Dcrisis o) oli'archicruleF with rise o) worin'class
1@0s: economic crises,
*uestionin' o) e
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Ty"es o) Re)ormist ilitaryRule
!nclusionary -"o"ulist/: incor"orate lowermiddle class and lower ur$an and rural classinto "oliticsE o$ili%ation, redistri$ution,increased state mana'ement o) economy-Peru >?67=, r 4>6==, Panama >?6?1,cuador 7267?/
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conomic Policies
)ten neoli$eralism -mid 1@70s: onlyColom$ia, Costa Rica, Gene%uelademocratic/
-Chile 1@76 Chica'o (oys
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Justi;cation
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Commonalities o) ilitaryRule
- Personalistic and colle'ial elements
- Commitment to )uture elections,country needed to $e "re"ared )orHtrue democracyI
- Parado
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8eyPlayers:
ilitary
Transitions
->0s6?0s6 al) o) led $y military'overnments -cou"s: (ra%il 1@>4, r'entina1@>> and 1@7>, Peru 1@>?, Aru'uay 1@7,
Chile 1@7/-Per)ormance le'itimacy
-Pacted transitions6 amnesty, electoralrules, desi'nated seats, $ud'et, civiliancontrol+
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Theoretical (ac'round: Ty"es o) &emocracy
63ormal choices- #tructure o) 'overnment -"residentialB
"arliamentary/
- lectoral rules -ma.oritarianB "ro"ortionalre"resentation
- Partici"ation and Re"resentation -votin',
"arties/- e'acy o) "acted transitions
!m"act o) in)ormal norms+ -clientelism,
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!nstitutional Choices
(ranches: #tron' President, weaerle'islative and .udicial $ranches -militarycourts/
lectoral #ystem: a.oritarian -2 "artiese
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Theoretical (ac'round:Political Parties
Why are "arties im"ortant+
- el" citi%ens mae choices, channels)or re"resentation, a''re'ate demands,train leaders
-!nstitutionali%ation "arties maes"olitics "redicta$le -sta$le $ase o)su""ort, stron' and dee" roots insociety, central and "ositive element o)
"olitical "rocess/
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Party 3ra'mentation
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8ey Players: Political Parties
Traditional Parties -Helite "olitical clu$sI/-Conservatives6 ocial reli'ion,centrali%ed 'overnment, re'ulated trade
and commerce-i$erals6 "olitical and economicli$eralism
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Qationalist Po"ulist"arties -emer'ed 0s,
40s/-Personality, ur$anindustrial worin' class,
national develo"mente)tBRi'ht+
Chave%+ 3u.imori+
8ey Players:
Political Parties
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Revolutionary ovements
Wor throu'h the state+ r
attem"t to )undamentallychan'e the state+
!nside: Qicara'ua 3#Q, l#alvador 3Q
utside: 3RC, #endero
8ey Players:Political Parties
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8ey Players: ilitaryCurrent &ay
- Today, varyin' stren'th,understandin' o) mission -internalBe
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Political Culture
ttitudes and $elie)s a9ectin' how wethin a$out, en'a'e in, and evaluate"olitics
- individualism, authoritarianism, wealaw en)orcement, le'itimacy o)
conict, elitism, "ersonalism,cor"oratism, "atron6client
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Class #tructure
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Castaneda6 Is e)t Turn
- Dmodern, o"en6minded, re)ormist, andinternationalistF )rom the hard6core le)t o) the"astE
- Dnationalist, strident, and close6mindedF )rom
tradition o) "o"ulism
- Why elected+
- ow have le)tist "arties transitioned+
• !s Castenada correct when he states that theatin merican le)t continues to have Dclose tiesto and emotional de"endency on 3idel Castro+I
• !n what ways did the )all o) the #oviet Anionchan'e "erce"tions o) le)tist movements in atin
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Review
- Ty"es o) democrati%ation
- !nstitutional choices
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Ran'e o) the "olitical s"ectrum- ilitary involvement
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reatest challen'es )acin' newlydemocratic countries+
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Preview
&emocratic consolidation: challen'es andsolutions
- ow to "romote meanin')ulre"resentation and e9ective
'overnance+- Challen'es: ine*uality, ran'e o)
ideolo'ical s"ectrum, economic 'rowth,
violence, tracin'- Res"onses: rise o) the le)t, "o"ulism
&e #oto: transitioned PeruIs economy -late
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6Latin &merican 'arty Systems( L&S&
'aper) *++,-• &ll defnitions rom &ppendi.) pa/es *01*"-• 2i/ht3 1E Parties that tar'et heirs o) the traditional elite o) the 1@th century without moderatin'
their discourse to a""eal to middle6 or lower6class votersE (Chilean P. Conservador) 2E Parties thatem"loy a )ascist or neo6)ascist discourseE (Chilean P. Nacista) E Parties s"onsored $y a "resent or)ormer military 'overnment, as lon' as they have a conservative -or'anicist, authoritarian, elitist,looin' to the "ast/ messa'e and are not "rimarily "ersonalist vehicles )or "articular authoritarianleadersE (Brazilian ARENA)
• Center12i/ht3 Parties that tar'et middle6 or lower6class voters in addition to elite voters $ystressin' coo"eration with the "rivate sector, "u$lic order, clean 'overnment, morality, or the"riority o) 'rowth over distri$utionE (Argentine UCeDé)
• Center3 1E Parties that stress classic "olitical li$eralism66$road "olitical "artici"ation, civic virtue,the rule o) law, human ri'hts, or democracy66without a salient social or economic a'endaE
-r'entine AniSn Cvica Radical/E 2E overnin' "arties whose "olicies are so divided $etween"ositions $oth to the le)t and to the ri'ht o) center that no orientation that is mostly consistent$etween elections is discerni$leE
• Center1Let3 Parties that stress .ustice, e*uality, social mo$ility, or the com"lementarity o)distri$ution and accumulation in a way intended not to alienate middle6 or u""er6class votersE(Venezelan Acci!n De"ocr#tica)
• Let3 Parties that em"loy ar