4 2 hirarc compatibility mode
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
1/56
TITLE
Prepared by:
PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION
4.1 Hazard Identification, Risk
Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC)
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
2/56
Learning Objectives
To define what is
hazard, risk and
danger.
To assess the hazard
identification, risk
assessment and risk
control process.
To describe the
method of identifying
hazard.
To construct the risk
assessment matrix.
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
3/56
Hazard: A source or a situation with a potential
for harm in terms of human injury or ill
health, damage to property, damage to the
environment or a combination of these.
Danger: Relative exposure to hazard
Definitions
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
4/56
Risk: A combination of the likelihood of an
occurrence of a hazardous event with specified
period or in specified circumstances and theseverity of injury or damage to the health of
people, property, environment or any combination
of these caused by the event.
Definitions
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
5/56
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
6/56
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
7/56
Gives organisations a more effective way of managing
hazards Requirement of the law e.g.
OSHA 1994, CIMAH Regulations 1996 & USECHH Regulations
2000 Requirement of OSH management system
standards:
MS 1722:2003,
OHSAS 18001 and
ISO 14001, etc.
Why Carry Out Risk Assessment?
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
8/56
Routine and non-routine activities including
emergencies;
Activities of all personnel having access to the workplace
(including subcontractors and visitors);
Facilities at the workplace, whether provided-by the
organization or others.
Risk Assessment Should Be Carried Out
For:
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
9/56
Before Operation
During Operation
After Operation
When To Carry Out Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
10/56
Types of review: initial review, and
periodic review.
When To Review Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
11/56
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
12/56
Person or persons trained to identify hazard and
risk assessment
In some cases legally competent person, example : Chemical
Health Risk Assessor
Consultation with and involvement of workers Safety and health committee OR workers and their
representatives
Involvement of supervisors
Who Will Carry Out Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
13/56
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
Review
Basic Components Of Risk Management
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
14/56
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
15/56
Hazard Identification
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
16/56
Man Unsafe acts
Machinery Installation, layout and design of equipment
Materials Substances such as chemicals and gases use inthe workplace
Method The way people carry out their work
Media Workplace condition i.e. air quality, ventilation,lighting, noise, vibration etc.
Sources Of Hazards
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
17/56
Classificationof Hazards
Example of Potential Sources ofHazards
Mechanical Pinch points, sharp points and edges,overload or force a tool beyond itscapabilities and grinding wheel without
guardElectrical Electrical cord insulation damaged,
electrical face plate or cover broken ormissing and fan cord insulation pulled
looseBiological Exposed to airborne and blood borneviruses, bacteria and fungus
Classification & Potential Sources Of
Hazards
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
18/56
Classificationof Hazards
Example of Potential Sources ofHazards
Chemical Exposed to carcinogens chemicals,sensitizers and corrosive chemicals.
Ergonomics Repeated exposure to unnaturalpostures and unnatural movement,wrong design of workstation, tools and
task.Psychological Stress, sexual harassment and violent atwork.
Classification & Potential Sources Of
Hazards
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
19/56
Information on the facilities, processes and
activities of the organization, including:
Area Map
Site plan(s); own and neighbor Process flow-charts
Inventory of materials (raw materials, chemicals,
wastes, products, sub-products) Toxicology and other health and safety data
Monitoring data
Pre-Assessment : Information Gathering
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
20/56
Geographical areas within/outside the premises;
Stages in a production process, or in the
provision of a service;
Defined the tasks (e.g. driving, window cleaning); Identify the working groups;
Land use; previous property use, future use.
Pre-Assessment : Classifying Work
Activities
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
21/56
Review of documents and publications
Inspection and observation at the workplace
Measurement of the atmosphere, monitoring
the environment or medical surveillance of
workers
Hazard Analysis
Methods Of Identifying Hazards
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
22/56
Reports of accidents, accident investigation and
audits
Information from publications Acts, Regulations and Codes of Practice
Statistics
Handbooks
Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDS)
Document Review
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
23/56
Types of inspections: statutory inspection, periodic
inspection, formal and informal inspection
Documentation - Checklist and inspection worksheet
(standard approach and record)
Inspection & Observation
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
24/56
Activities - to involve supervisors, managers and
employees
Inspection outcome - to include actions and
timeframes
Ensure follow up on action - to ensure effectiveness
Inspection & Observation
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
25/56
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
26/56
Biological monitoring is a regular measuring activity
where selected validated indicators of the uptake of
toxic substances in the human body are determined
in order to prevent health impairment.
This form of monitoring could entail examination of, for
example, blood, urine, saliva and expired air.
Biological Monitoring
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
27/56
Biological monitoring commonly features in the
health or medical surveillance of persons exposedto hazardous environments especially complying to
legal requirement i.e. USECHH Regulations 2000 etc.
Biological Monitoring
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
28/56
Health Surveillance is Warranted if:
Substance is used in workplace
Substance is hazardous
Evidence or reason to suspect injury
Atmospheric monitoring insufficient
Medical Surveillance
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
29/56
Method use: (example)
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Hazards and Operability Studies (HAZOP)
Fault Tree Analysis etc.
Hazards Analysis
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
30/56
Job described in less than 10 steps
Action verb used to describe job
List things that can go wrong
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
31/56
Note:
The term JSA includes the formulation ofsafe work procedures using writteninstructions for workers
May still require other risk controls
Supervisor and workers assist
Ideally all jobs should have a JSA
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
32/56
To identify and evaluate safety hazard in the
process plant
To identify operability problems
New design or process
Multidisciplinary brainstorming
What If questionnaire method
Focus on fire, explosion, toxic release etc.
Hazards & Operability Studies (HAZOP)
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
33/56
To analyse how and why incident could occur.
Graphic technique - traces branches of events.
To calculate probability of end event.
Example: Water pumping system
Fault Tree Analysis
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
34/56
Pump failure (A) Pump failure (B)(automatic
standby pump)
Pump failure Control valve (C)failure to regulate
flow of water throughpump
No Flow (T)
No water flow occurs if both pumps fail or if the control valve fails.If the individual initiating event probabilities P(A), P(B), and P(C) are known,then the probability of P(T) the top or end event can be calculated.
Fault Tree Analysis
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
35/56
Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
36/56
Approach:
Qualitative Risk Assessment
Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment
Quantitative Risk Assessment
Types of Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
37/56
Severity in terms of:
Harm to health
Damage to property
Damage to environment
Or the combination of the above
Determining Severity
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
38/56
Determine severity categories i.e.:
Fatality
Major injuries (normally irreversible injury ordamage to health)
Minor injuries (normally reversible injury ordamage to health requiring days off work)
Negligible injuries (first aid)
Severity
D t i i Lik lih d f O
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
39/56
Based on statistic & data, professional judgement.
Determine likelihood categories i.e.:
highly likely,
likely,
highly unlikely.
Determining Likelihood of Occurrences
of Hazard
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
40/56
Very likely - could happen frequently
Likely - could happen occasionally
Unlikely - could happen, but only rarely
Highly unlikely - could happen, but probablynever will
Likelihood
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
41/56
Severity
Likelihood
Very Likely(4) Likely (3) Unlikely(2)Highly
Unlikely(1)
Fatality(4) High-16 High-12 High-8 Medium-4
Major Injuries(3) High-12 High-9 Medium-6 Medium-3
Minor Injuries(2) High-8 Medium-6 Medium-4 Low-2
NegligibleInjuries(1) Medium-4 Medium-3 Low-2 Low-1
Qualitative Risk Table
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
42/56
Determine severity categories i.e. :
4: Fatality & Permanent Disability
3: More than 4 days MC
2: Less than or 4 days MC
1: First aid and near misses
Semi Quantitative Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
43/56
Determining Likelihood of Occurrence ofHazard
4: Daily
3: Weekly
2: Monthly
1: Yearly
Semi Quantitative Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
44/56
LIKELIHOOD
SE
VERIT
Y
Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily
1 2 3 4
First Aid
and NearMisses 1 1 2 3 4
Less thanor 4 days
MC2 2 4 6 8
More than4 days MC 3 3 6 9 12
Fatality &PermanentDisability
4 4 8 12 16
Semi Quantitative Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
45/56
Where the hazards presented by the undertaking are
numerous and complex, and may involve novel
processes, for example in the case of large chemicals
process plants, detailed and sophisticated risk
assessments will be needed, and it is appropriate to carryout a detailed quantitative risk assessment.
Quantitative Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
46/56
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
47/56
In carrying out quantitative risk assessments, special
quantitative tools and techniques will be used for
hazard identification, and to estimate the severity of the
consequences and the likelihood of realisation of thehazards.
Quantitative Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
48/56
Where such methods and techniques are used it is
important that they are carried out by suitably qualifiedand experience assessors.
Quantitative Risk Assessment
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
49/56
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
50/56
Activities / process /
facilities/ equipmentHazard Effect
Current Risk
Control
Legal
Reqmt
RiskAction &
RecommendationsSeverity. LikelihoodRisk
Rating
Kimpalan arka
1. Radiasi Pedih mata,
berair, berpasir Face shieldFMA,
OSHA2 3 6
PPE-goggles, eye
wash station, job
rotation2. Fumes Pernafasan
terganggu -FMA,
OSHA2 3 6
Exhaust fan,
respirator, job
rotation
3. Spark Melecur kulit,
pakaian
terbakar
Gloves,
overall, kasut
FMA,
OSHA2 3 6
Overall tahan api,
glove berkualiti, fire
extinguisher,
emergency shower
Risk Assessment Form
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
51/56
Risk Control
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
52/56
SubstitutionModify processEnclosureLocal exhaustFugitiveemission control
Isolation
HousekeepingGeneralventilationContinuous areamonitoringDilutionventilationAutomation orremote control
Training andeducation
Worker rotationEnclosure ofworkerPersonalmonitoring
Personalprotective devices
Principle of Control
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
53/56
Consideration In Implementing Risk
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
54/56
Consider the current state of knowledge
Include information or reports from organizations
such as:
DOSH, OSH services, and others.
p g
Control
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
55/56
-
8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode
56/56
The basis of OSH management is the identification of
hazard, risk assessment and control
Ways of identifying hazards varies from inspection of
the workplace to reviewing legislation
Risk assessment allows an organisation to build a
sound basis for managing hazard
Hierarchy of hazard control starts by elimination; use
PPE as protection is the last resort
Summary