4-1 business research process 2 1. 4-2 exploratory phase search strategy search strategy discovery/...
TRANSCRIPT
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Business Research Process 2
1
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Exploratory Phase Search Strategy
Search Strategy
Discovery/ AnalysisSecondary Sources
Individual Depth Interviews
Expert Interview
GroupDiscussions
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Integration of Secondary Data into the Research Process
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Objectives of Secondary Searches
• Expand understanding of management dilemma
• Gather background information• Identify information to gather• Identify sources for and actual
questions• Identify sources for and actual
sample frames
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Conducting a Literature Search
Define management dilemmaDefine management dilemma
Consult books for relevant termsConsult books for relevant terms
Use terms to searchUse terms to search
Locate/review secondary sourcesLocate/review secondary sources
Evaluate value of each source and contentEvaluate value of each source and content
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Whiteboard technology makes an easier discussion of symptoms relevant to the management-research question hierarchy
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Levels of Information
Primary Sources:MemosLetters
InterviewsSpeeches
LawsInternal records
Secondary Sources:
EncyclopediasTextbooksHandbooksMagazines
NewspapersNewscasts
Tertiary Sources:Indexes
BibliographiesInternet
search engines
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Integrating Secondary Data
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Types of Information Sources
Encyclopedias
DirectoriesDirectories
HandbooksHandbooks
TypesTypes
Indexes/Bibliographies
DictionariesDictionaries
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Evaluating Information Sources
Authority
Format
Audience
EvaluationFactors
EvaluationFactors
Purpose
Scope
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The Evolution of Data MiningEvolutionary Step Investigative Question Enabling Technologies Characteristics
Data collection (1960s)
“What was my average total revenue
over the last five years?”
Computers, tapes, disks
Retrospective, static data delivery
Data access (1980s) “What were unit sales in California last
December?”
Relational databases (RDBMS), structured
query language (SQL), ODBC
Retrospective, dynamic data delivery
at record level
Data navigation (1990s)
“What were unit sales in California last December? Drill
down to Sacramento.”
Online analytic processing (OLAP),
multidimensional databases, data
warehouses
Retrospective, dynamic data delivery
at multiple levels
Data mining (2000) “What’s likely to happen to
Sacramento unit sales next month?
Why?”
Advanced algorithms, multiprocessor
computers, massive databases
Prospective, proactive information
delivery
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Data-Mining Process
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Business Research Process
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Stage 1: Clarifying the Research Question
Management-research question hierarchy begins by identifying the management
dilemma
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Management-Research Question Hierarchy
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SalePro’s Hierarchy
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Formulating the Research Question
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Types of Management Questions
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The Research Question
Examine variables
Examine variables
Break questions
down
Break questions
down
Fine-TuningFine-Tuning
Evaluate hypotheses
Evaluate hypotheses
Determine necessary evidence
Determine necessary evidence
Set scope of
study
Set scope of
study
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Investigative Questions
Performance ConsiderationsPerformance Considerations
Attitudinal IssuesAttitudinal Issues
Behavioral IssuesBehavioral Issues
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Gantt Chart MindWriter Project Plan
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What Is Research Design?
BlueprintBlueprint
PlanPlan
GuideGuide
FrameworkFramework
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Design in the Research Process
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What Tools Are Used in Designing Research?
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What Tools Are Used in Designing Research?
MindWriter Project Plan in Gantt chart
format
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Research Design Descriptors
Experimental Effects
Perceptual AwarenessPerceptual Awareness
Research EnvironmentResearch
Environment
DescriptorsDescriptors
Question Crystallization Data Collection
MethodData Collection
Method
Time Dimension
Time Dimension
Topical Scope
Purpose of Study
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Degree of Question Crystallization
Exploratory Study Loose structure Expand understanding
Provide insight Develop hypotheses
Formal Study Precise procedures Begins with hypotheses
Answers research questions
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Approaches for Exploratory Investigations
Participant observation Film, photographs Projective techniques Psychological testing Case studies Ethnography Expert interviews Document analysis Proxemics and Kinesics
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Desired Outcomes of Exploratory Studies
Established range and scope of possible management decisions
Established range and scope of possible management decisions
Established major dimensions of research task
Established major dimensions of research task
Defined a set of subsidiary questions that can guide research design
Defined a set of subsidiary questions that can guide research design
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Desired Outcomes of Exploratory Studies (cont.)
Develop hypotheses about possible causes of management dilemma
Develop hypotheses about possible causes of management dilemma
Learn which hypotheses can be safely ignored
Learn which hypotheses can be safely ignored
Conclude additional research is not needed or not feasible
Conclude additional research is not needed or not feasible
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Commonly Used Exploratory Techniques
Secondary Data AnalysisSecondary
Data Analysis
Focus GroupsFocus
Groups
Experience Surveys
Experience Surveys
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Face-to-face interaction—one of the best ways to learn from participants.
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Experience Surveys
What is being done?What has been tried in the past with
or without success?How have things changed?Who is involved in the decisions?What problem areas can be seen?Whom can we count on to assist or
participate in the research?
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Focus Groups
Group discussion
6-10 participants
Moderator-led 90 minutes-2
hours