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Unsafe/Unhealthy Unsafe/Unhealthy

Acts/Conditions Acts/Conditions

At the end of the session, the participants will be able to:Ø Discuss the basic causes of workplace

accidents

Ø Define and differentiate accidents, unsafe acts and unsafe conditions

Ø Identify and enumerate different situations and practices that constitute unsafe act and unsafe condition

SESSION OBJECTIVES:

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3

WORK SYSTEMWORK SYSTEM

People

Environment

Materials

Equipment

ACCIDENT THEORYACCIDENT THEORY

People

Materials

EquipmentEnvironment

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LET’S CHECK THIS…

ACCIDENT

nAn occurrence or event that is - unexpected- unforeseen- unplanned, and- unwanted

damage, injury, loss or death

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TYPES OF ACCIDENTS

nFall to below (nahulog/nahulugan)

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n Struck against (man in motion)

n Fall on same level (nadulas/nadapa)

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nCaught in ( in running/ naipit )

n Caught on ( snugged o nasabit)

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n Struck by ( man stationary/hit by)

I

C

E

B

E

R

G

T

H

E

O

R

Y

Direct Costs

Indirect Costs

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Ø Medical Expenses

Ø Equipment Damage

Ø Wasted Raw Materials

Ø Insurance Premiums

Ø Litigation Expenses

Direct Cost of Accidents

1 Injured WorkersØ Lesser productivity due to interruption on day of

injury Ø Loss in efficiency Ø Loss of income

2 Other EmployeesØ loss productivity due to:§ work stoppage out of curiosity§ when assisting injured worker§ due to inspection

Ø Loss in efficiency out of sympathy to the injuredØ Additional cost due to completion of added work

Indirect Cost of Accidents

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3. SupervisorsØ lost productivity :§ when assisting the injured§ due to accident investigation§ in preparing reports§ during inspection

4. Replacement workerØ hiring or training

5. EquipmentØ downtime

Indirect Cost of Accidents

Humane Aspects

n Sorrow due to lossn Hardships and inconveniencesn Physical pain/discomfortn Psychological problems

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Accident Causation

PRIMARY CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

n Unsafe Act

n Unsafe Condition

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Unsafe/Unhealthy

CONDITION

ACT Violation of commonly-accepted safe procedures or processes

Physical/mechanical/ environmental condition which could have been guarded or prevented

American National Safety Institute (ANSI)

UNSAFE ACT

n A human action that departs from a standard or written job procedure or common practice, safety rules, regulations, or instructions.

n A violation of a commonly-accepted safe procedures and or processes.

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• Improper Attitude

• Physical Limitations

• Lack of Knowledge or Skills

Factors Contributing to Unsafe Acts

n Operating Equipment without Authorityn Disregard of SOP or instructionsn Removing Safety Devicesn Using Defective equipmentn Improperly/non-use of PPEs n Horseplayn Willful intent to injuren Working while under the influence

of alcohol or drugs

Improper Attitudes

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Unsafe ConditionThe physical or chemical property of a material, machine or the environment which could result in injury to a person, damage or destruction to property or other forms of losses.

- could have been guarded or prevented

Examples of U/Cn Inadequate guards/protectionn Defective tools, equipmentn Congestionn Inadequate warning systemsn Fire and explosion hazards

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n Slippery floorsn Hazardous atmospheric

conditionn Excessive noisen Radiation exposuren Inadequate illumination/

ventilation

Can accidents be Can accidents be prevented? prevented?

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Generally

n 2% - non-preventablen 98% - preventable

n 88% - unsafe/unhealthy actsn 10% - unsafe/unhealthy conditions

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Conclusion:

Both the human and the technical factorsof accident causation should be addressed!

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REMINDER….

If you don’t believe in safety/health……

then try accidents/illnesses!

THANK YOU….