3m oh & es division current issues in hearing loss prevention lee hager, hearing conservationist...
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3M OH & ES Division
Current Issues in Hearing Loss Prevention
Lee Hager, Hearing Conservationist
517.290.1907/[email protected]
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Federal Regulatory Timeline
Walsh-Healey Act1969
OSH Act1971
Noise Control Act1972
Hearing Conservation Amendment1981-1983
MSHA1996
FRA 2011
1960 20102000199019801970
EPA NRR Revision2007 …
Recordkeeping2003
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Where do we stand today?3M OH & ES Division
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2nd largest specific illness3M OH & ES Division
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Mfg Predominant
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3M OH & ES Division
What’s the Story?
Exposure Assessment and Limits? Resource Allotment? Training? Hearing Protectors?
Probably all of the above and more
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Resource AllotmentHCP Cost Implications
1976 Cost Impact Analysis $32 per worker - $124.69 in 2011$
• $12 (37% of total) for monitoring• $20 for audiometric testing
1983 HCA Cost Impact Analysis $41 per worker - $91.13 in 2011$
• $12-$18 (44% of total) for monitoring• $10 for hearing protection devices
1992 OSHA Philadelphia Region Compliance Guide $86.60 per worker - $136.72 in 2011$
Recent analysis for major manufacturer 1999: Automotive - $250 per noise-exposed employee
per year 2011: General Industry - $350 per noise-exposed
employee per year
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Hearing Testing
29CFR1910.95(g) Appendix G
Specify hearing testing procedures
Infer that only TDH-39 and TDH-49 supraural headphones can be used
Letter of Interpretation allow use of insert earpieces Search Croft Letter on
OSHA.gov
Greater comfort Better tests Less issue with background
noise9
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Training…or not so much
Promote behavioral change Health Belief Model
Behavior depends on perception of:
• Severity of a potential illness
• Susceptibility to that illness
• Benefits of taking preventive action
Self-efficacy“My actions will make a difference”
• Barriers to taking that action
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Our mission?
Define the decibel Beat people up for off-
the-job behaviors Provide nap time during
workday Check the box
Persuade people that hearing loss is a severe impediment to lifestyle
Communicate susceptibility Communicate benefits Remove barriers
Real Perceived
How? Testimony, hearing loss simulation, interactive training
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How about Hearing Protectors?
Intended to be last line of defense against NIHL
Instead, often the ONLY protection against noise
So how’s that working?
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Do HPD provide what we expect?
Berger, EARLog 20, 1993
Laboratory
Field
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Is it the labeling process?
NRR EPA testing and labeling
requirements Lab based Unreliability leads to
derating• OSHA: (NRR-7)/2• NIOSH: Variable by
type Pressure on mfr.
Label value is inaccurate Variability in even lab
data Typical SD 3-5 dB per
frequency
Test Frequency 125 250 500 1000 2000 3150 4000 6300 8000 NRR
Mean 37.4 40.9 44.8 43.8 36.3 41.9 42.6 46.1 47.3 29
SD 5.7 5.0 3.3 3.6 4.9 3.0 3.1 3.5 2.7
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Special HPD for special noises and needs
Low attenuation Flat attenuation
Impulse Weapons
fire Arc flash
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Communication in Noise
Ambient Listening Radio Communication
UHF DECT
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Fit testing Hearing Protectors If we want to know how well HPD work on individuals, test
them on individuals Technologies
REAT Loudness Balance MIRE
PAR Note:
All of the approaches described today are point measures
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REAT Approaches Hearing test with and without HPD
Each frequency/each ear separately
Existing equipment Audiometer phones
• Caveats Loudspeakers in test booth
“Gold Standard”
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FitCheck
Special headphones High output High volume
Pulsed 1/3 octave bands Subjective
As variable as a hearing test Time consuming Background noise May be issues with HOH/tinnitus http://www.michaelassociates.com/fitcheck/fitcheck.htm
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REAT-like Systems Subjective Threshold response Integrafit
Single frequency http://www.integrafit.com/
NIOSH HPDWellFit – commercialized as FitCheck Solo
• Moldex, CPE QuickFit
• Pass/fail• http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pdfs/2009-112.pdf
Web-based• http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/topics/hearingloss/quickfitweb
.htm
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Loudness Balance
Balance tones binaurally No HPD One HPD Both HPD
Each frequency separately Any earplug Subjective New skill
Different test tones Time consuming May be issues with HOH workers/tinnitus
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Loudness Balance
Sperian VeriPro www.howardleight.com/veripro
* Single frequency “quick check” option
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MIRE
Simultaneous measurement inside and outside HPD yields noise reduction (NR)
Specially prepared/probed HPD Software provides stimulus, calculation
and compensation MIRE (objective NR) to REAT
(subjective insertion loss)
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E-A-RfitTM
Objective Quick No issues with
HL Background noise
Specially prepared earplug
EARfit.3M.com
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Safety Meter by Phonak
Similar to EARfit Custom HPD product
Port permits msmt
Headphone source
http://www.phonak-communications.com/en/hearing-protection/hearing-protection-products/safetymeter-fit-testing-system/
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What do we find when we can look?
Classic RegularN = 1665NRR1979 = 29 dBMean = 30 dBSD = 6.8 dB80th = 37 dB20th = 24 dB
Classic Reg
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
5048464442403836343230282624222018161412108642
PAR (dB)
% o
f te
sts
UltraFit
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
5048464442403836343230282624222018161412108642
PAR (dB)
% o
f te
sts
UltraFitN = 480NRR1979 = 25Mean = 26 dBSD = 5.5 dB80th = 31 dB20th = 22 dB
Note: scale on all charts 1 to 50 PAR on X; % of tests 0% to 15% on Y
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Chemical CompanyPAR >=20 on at least two plugs
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Consumer Products Mfr“First time
good”
Retraining Alternate HPD
Total
88 37 24 149
59% 25% 16% 100%
Screening Test
8837
24
“First time good”
Retraining
Alternate HPD
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Federal OSHA and Fit Testing Letter of Interpretation pending Current status
Directed to response to Question 10 of the Q&A at: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=19194&p_table=INTERPRETATIONS
“If the employer can satisfactorily demonstrate that the protection he provides is better than these calculations*,you may use his attenuation in place of the CPL method* if the affected employees do not exhibit STS's.”
*”these calculations” and “CPL method” refer to (NRR-7)/2
3M PSD
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NEW AND IMPORTANTwww.dol.gov/regulations/regreview/ OSHA seeking input Some regulations may be out of date due to technology
advancements Like hearing protector testing
Input sought Check postings of others and vote or agree, or Start your own string
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OSHA Alliance
Alliance http://www.hearingconservation.org/docs/
AllianceRecommendationForFitTesting_Final.pdf
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Alliance Individual Fit Testing Applications
Train and motivate employees Train the trainer Assign/select HPDs Provide standard-threshold-shift (STS) follow up Determine HPD adequacy/sufficiency Audit departments Demonstrate adequacy of training Provide documentation
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Comparability
With identical octave band attenuation, different systems yield different PAR values Calculation
protocols Uncertaint
yFreq 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
Att 11 13 12 17.5 27.5 33 22
Data and chart courtesy of Murphy, NIOSH, from NHCA 2011
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Making Progress
Hearing loss prevention is possible New technologies New approaches New attitudes
… as research continues …
Courtesy Audibel
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