3bhatt synchrophasor presentation to ercot 012610
TRANSCRIPT
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Application of
Synchrophasor Technology ToCREZ System
CREZ Technical Conference
January 26, 2010
Navin Bhatt
American Electric Power
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Outline
1.Synchrophasor Technology
2.Potential Applications
3.Applications to Consider for
CREZ System
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1. Synchrophasor Technology
Phasor: An electrical quantity with magnitude
and phase (angle) Synchrophasors: Time-synchronized phasors
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Phasor Representation
Courtesy: CERTS/EPG
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5Courtesy: Eastern Interconnection Phasor Project (EIPP)
Synchrophasor Infrastructure
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SCADA Data Vs. Synchrophasors
SCADA Conventional Situational AwarenessTechnology
Advantages of Synchrophasor Technology Direct measurement (as opposed to calculated values using
model-based SE solutions from SCADA data)
8/14/03 Blackout: AEP SE could not converge; PMU
data kept coming Time-stamped data, accurate within tens of micro-seconds
of UTC
High resolution (10-60 samples per second)
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Technology Promise
Synchrophasor Technology Can provide situational awareness on a
sub-second basis over wide area
Instantaneous measure of power systemstress between wide area locations Instantaneous measure of power system
dynamics at given location
MRI of power system vs. X-Ray by SCADAtechnology
PMU data well suited to activate automatedcontrols
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AEP Synchrophasor Project
AEP/Texas
AEP is taking a leading role in DOE/ERCOT efforts to installsynchrophasors in ERCOT
AEP was the first utility in ERCOT
to install PMUs
Provide real-time data feed to ERCOT
Work in progress to display modal analysis results in
AEP Transmission Operations
AEP/East
Synchrophasor infrastructure includes 25 PMUs
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2. Potential Applications
Industry Challenge: Research, Develop andDeploy Applications
Develop Practical Data Tools for Operators
Do NOT need more PMU data
Need Actionable Information
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2. Potential Applications
Industry Resources
Opportunities to Learn & Get Involved
North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI)
(www.naspi.org)
NERC Real-Time Application of PMUs to ImproveReliability (RAPIR) Task Force
IEEE
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NASPI
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NASPI
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IEEE
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3. Applications for CREZ System
Large Penetration of Wind Generation
Opportunity
To provide leadership in the DOE 20% by 2030 vision
To show it can be done!
Challenges
Lower overall system inertia
Altered frequency response
Altered small signal stability performance
Energy balance requirements due to generation variability.
Can we take advantage of synchrophasortechnology?
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Using PMUs for Renewable
Resource Integration
Wind Farm connected to AEPs Ajo Station
PMU data from AEP stations (including Ajo)in ERCOT Control Center
The Last Mile is bringing the PMU data into the Control Center
for Wide Area Monitoring and Control
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3. Applications for CREZ System
Potential Applications to Consider
Visualization
Small Signal Stability Performance
Model Validation
Voltage Stability Performance Advanced Automated Controls
..
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3. Applications for CREZ System
Visualization
RTDMS already deployed at ERCOT
PMU Data Display: Added Value?
Information (Requires R&D)
Acceptable ranges of quantities displayed
Alarms
Corrective actions to take
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3. Applications for CREZ System
Small Signal Stability Performance
Modal Analysis (Dominant Frequencies & AssociatedDamping)
Off-Line Analysis
Listen to what the system is telling you
Detect Trends: Daily, Seasonal, Long Term
Correlate with Levels of Wind Generation
Real Time Analysis
Detect damping problems
Tools already available
Take corrective actions
Will require R&D
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3. Applications for CREZ System
Validation of Dynamic Models
Need high resolution data (e.g. PMU data)
Calibrate & fine-tune simulation models bycomparing simulation results with synchrophasordata
WECC Model Validation WG efforts
Opportunity to use data from PMUs at windgeneration collection point (transmission buses) tovalidate wind generation and other dynamicmodels
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3. Applications for CREZ System
Voltage Stability Performance
Especially of benefit for a scenario involving fastvoltage collapse
PMU data can be used to monitor performance inreal time through a nomogram developed from off-line simulation studies
Tools being developed to calculate margin in realtime (e.g. EPRI Measurement-Based Real TimeVoltage Stability Monitoring)
An extension of the classic power transfer equation:P12 =V1*V2*Sin 12/X12
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3. Applications for CREZ System
Advanced Automated Controls
Grid operated with margin for anticipated contingencies
Bodes well to maintain reliable bulk power system
Introduces inefficiencies
Can we rely on real time corrective controls under selectedoperating scenarios, instead?
Todays controls too myopic
Designed to address local abnormalities
Centralized coordinated controls are rare
PMU Data
High resolution & instantaneous
Could be used to develop coordinated, centralized wide areacontrols
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Summary
Synchrophasor technology is promising.
Killer apps are still in works.
R&D is needed
Demonstration to adopt / adapt an application isnecessary (e.g. visualization with meaningful alarms)
We must work together to apply the technology to CREZsystem
Will require R&D + Cooperation with NASPI, NERC, et al
Our efforts will pay off.
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Questions
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Extra Slides
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Synchrophasor Infrastructure
1.Measurement Layer Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
Measures voltage & current waveformsat high sampling rates
Calculates voltage & current phasors,
frequency and line flows
Installed at substations
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Synchrophasor Infrastructure
2. Data Collection Layer Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC)
A hardware/software devicePerforms precise time alignment ofdata from multiple PMUs
Usually centrally locatedArchives PMU data (optional)
Processes and displays PMU data
(optional)
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Synchrophasor Infrastructure
3. Application Layer
Local (Substation) Applications
Centralized (EMS) Applications
Off-Line (Planning) Applications