39 ÐnÏvi1ñ^n - iri2016/08/03  · Ã~w6, sz@zzz j___ tzçl4]zq-’ ig //// yzúz] ò uc*Ëze...

13
J Z z Z @ Z s 6 , W ~ à ___ tZ q - Z ] 4 l ç G I / e Z Ë c * u ² à ] Z ú Z y Abstract: "Orientalism emerged and developed in went as a great movement during 14th century a.d. the western scholars took interest in the study of the east, especially the Islamic literature. With the passage of time, it became a targeted study, focused to misinterpret Islam and the Holy Prophet Mohammad (~ V ), although a reasonable number of orientalists have to admit the reality that the Prophethood of Mohammad (~ V ) is full of truthfulness by every respect and they became also the Muslims. The following article is a critical study in this regard." Keywords: Orientalism, Islamic literature, Misinterpretation, Truthfulness, Preaching of Islam. ( Z q - ] . h + Z ˜ b ì ł Š * ² ! Z Š [ Z z g ¸ ] ~ Orientalism t )Z Z ] 4 l ç G I t »  Z Æ | x à Z Š Z ä Æ a Z ] 4 l ç G I Orientalism ñ ł Š 7 ì X Z ô m , ~ i ! * y Æ Â Z E w H Š H ì X t  Ł w ° â Š { Ñ t Ð Ã ì T » È g z Ý Z z g ® ì X t  W i ~ s V ~ Î g ` Æ a Ì Ù ì X Z Ï § b Ñ t Z z g æ t Î g ` Æ ƒ q ƒ ä Æ £ x Ã Ì ë ń X r # y Z ² [ ë ń : Z Z ] Ö ł Ñ V ] Ö ç ð æ ] Ö ł Ñ ] Ö ł Û ( æ æ p Â Û æ  à ] e n ä ] Þ ä Î ^ Ù ] Ö ł Ñ ] Ö ł Û e Ë j x ] Ö ł n à æ ] Ö ł Ñ ] Ö ç ð ] Ö p m ì Ø Ú à Ł Ð ] Ö f ^ h ( Ł Î k ) 1 ( ] Ö ł Û i ł Ñ Ł æ Î ^ æ Ł Î ^ × Ã k æ ] Ü ] Ö Û ç Ä ] Ö Û ł Ñ X X Ñ t » p g z Ý Z z g Z Ï § b Î g ` Ì ì Ô / z ä Z L ! * \ Æ z Z W Ð Ü H ì ¼ Z g % E Ä Z s ð z ² ! Ô Í g ¯ - E g ; ß W ! * Š / n ^ ñ 1 i v Ï n Ð 9 3

Upload: others

Post on 30-Jan-2021

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • JZzZ@Zs6,W~Ã ___tZ ’q-Z]4lçGI

    //// eZËc*u²Ã]ZúZyAbstract:

    "Orientalism emerged and developed in went as a

    great movement during 14th century a.d. the

    western scholars took interest in the study of the

    east, especially the Islamic literature. With the

    passage of time, it became a targeted study,

    focused to misinterpret Islam and the Holy

    Prophet Mohammad (~V ), although a reasonablenumber of orientalists have to admit the reality

    that the Prophethood of Mohammad (~V ) is full oftruthfulness by every respect and they became

    also the Muslims. The following article is a critical

    study in this regard."

    Keywords: Orientalism, Islamic l iterature,

    Misinterpretation, Truthfulness, Preaching of

    Islam.

    (Zq-].h+Z˜bì�Š*²!ZŠ[Zzg¸]~ Orientalism t) Z Z]4lçGI

    t»Â Z Æ|xÃZŠZ™äÆaZ]4lçGI

    Orientalism ñ�Š7ìXZôm,~i!*yÆÂZEwHŠHìXtÂw°âŠ{ÑtÐÃìT»ÈgzÝZzg®ìXtÂWi~sV~Îg`ÆaÌÙìXZϧbÑtZzgætÎg`ƃqƒäÆ£xÃÌë�X™r#—yZ²[ë�:

    ZZ]Ö7†ÑV]Ö–çðæ]Ö7†Ñ]Ö7Û‹(æ…æpÂÛ†æÂà]enä]ÞäÎ^Ù]Ö7†Ñ]Ö7Û‹eËjx]Ö7nàæ]Ö7†Ñ]Ö–çð]Ö„pm‚ìØÚà�Ð]Öf^h(�†Îk

    ))))1111(((( ]Ö7Û‹i7†Ñ�†æÎ^æ�†Î^›×Ãkæ]‰Ü]ÖÛç•Ä]ÖÛ7†ÑXXÑt»pgzÝZzgZϧbÎg`ÌìÔ/zäZL!*\ÆzZWÐÜHì

    ¼Zg%EÄZsðz²!ÔÍḡ-Eg;ßW!*Š ////

    •n^ñ1ivÏnÐ93

  • �ZrVä¹:ÑtëÆ�Æ‚BÎg`Ãë�ZzgÑtZkgzÝÃÌë��X»]gÑztZzgÑt iø7ø†$Ñ Zzg �ø†øÎøkô]Ö7$Û‹ ŠgzZi}ÆÎgZcÐZ0+gWCìX

    )ƒqƒZ(Æp~ZEwƒ@*ìÔZÏÐZÌøsætìX ›ø×øÃøkû ìtÂÑt~&wzsZ³ÔkZzg@*Y»ZŸ†™ÆZ#ZÐ!*[Z]4©›é GEwÆziy

    tÐ%ZŠætÅÔìX Z 6,Ñc*YñÂZkÆZ0+gÔ»|xaZƒY@*ìXªZ]4lçGI

    tZ (ÅzŸs#™Dƒñ˜��f!¸]~Z]4lçGI

    Orient ¦·�á@ÂZzg•M)Üs'Z5ð|x~ætÅÔÆaÙ7ìÉgzÝÔâgZzg@Ze$ÅÔÆ

    aÌZEwƒ@*ìXz{˜�:Êçq‚]Þäm7^…MÖoÚß_Ïè]Ö7†Ñ]ÖÛÏ’çRé DO r i e n t ZZ�†ÑE

    DMorgenland e^Ö‚…]‰^l]Ö7†ÎnèeÓ×ÛèijÛnˆe_^eÄÚÃßçpæâçE]Ö’f^|(æÚÆæÍ]á]Ö’f^|i7†ÑÊnä]Ö7Û‹(æi‚Ù æiÃßoe¡R

    â„å]ÖÓ×ÛèÂ×njvçÙÚà]ÖÛ‚ÖçÙ]Ördž]Êo]ÖË×ÓoMÖo]Öj†ÒnˆÂ×oÚÃßo]Ö’f^|]Ö„pmj–ÛàÚÃßo]Ößç…æ]ÖnÏ¿è(æÊoæÚÏ^e؃ÖÔ

    æiÃßoe¡R]ÖÛŠ^ðÖj‚Ù DAbendland ÞŠjí‚ÝÊo]Ö×Çè!Ò×ÛèEmjÃ×Ü]æ VOrient Â×o]Ö¿¡Ýæ]Ö†]uèýæÊo]Ö¡inßnèiÃßoÒ×Ûè

    æqùä]æâ‚p]æ Orienter mfv&ÂàcðÚ^æe^ÖˆފnèiÃßoÒ×Ûè))))2222(((( ]…�‚XX

    (ÆÝÆ‚BætÆ´ºÅ§sZ�ág{ Orient ¦·�á@Æ–wÑt)HY@*ì��ѹî]»°ŠìZ(ÝZEw™DƒñT~s~Y\»ZqÐi

    (âgXCìTÐ%ZŠðÆ´º�ZzgD!*]ì�ð Morgenland ì��)~Îg`ƒqƒ@*ìXZ[tÝZL'Z5ðZzgÛpƒÐ?Ø™r-÷ NEÆp6,½7gŠÑª™@*ì�ðâgZzgËZg~Æ|xÃ�áïìXZ#�ZkÆ£«~ë

    Zzg:6, O (»ÝZEw™D�TÐ%ZŠ�áxÆ´º�@*�t@*g Abendland)»pz{Fìc*ËqÆ!*g}~[™g;ìX Orient ŠÑª™}ÔÑHi!*y~

    »pìZkägÉðÅÔgZ3Cc*Zzg¦SgZ{ŠîðX Orienter ²�ÛZú~(ætÆaÙìZzgZzg~Z@Zix Orient Zôm,~ÂZzg~Z•M)

    (ÆpÑtÙÏc*æ¹Exz.yZzgZŠ[~'g]qÝ™äÆ� Orientlism)))))3333(((( Ð%ZŠZq-Z(¿ì�/Øæ¹áCƒX àt)Z]4lç

    GIZtÆ÷ÐZÌö(

    •n^ñ1ivÏnÐ04

  • Ô0Z+Ô@*gõÔZŠ[Zzg (Oriental Sciences Z()湬Ý�æ¹Ex)tZzgàtÅ°p™D Z çÑ]z){~Špg‚rƒàtB@*ìXZi+zgeGZ]4lç

    GI

    ƒñ˜�:"Anyone who teaches, writes about, or reseaches

    the orient and this applies whether the person is an

    Anthropologis t , Sociologist , Histor ian or

    Philologist either in its specific or its general

    aspects, is an Orientalist and what he or she says or

    does is Orientalism."(4)

    ·-ŠgZàg~âCÙ¹i|æÜÅ=%]ÅgzÝ~àtÆ|xÅ,h+™Dƒñ˜��àtf[ÆZ,¬ÝÃë��ZsxÔZsò1d$ÔZsò

    ))))5555(((( çÑ]ZzgZsòi!*âV~Špg‚rƒX·-ŠgZx7g~ÅèÃg{°p~q�ZsxÆaË´ºêc*gc*„ÅuÈ~7ňìX

    tÆŸi¬ÝZ0Z',Z�ZÊ-)Ïî EGf!¬ÝÅ,h+™Dƒñë�� Z DZ]4lçGI

    àtZ,)›ŠZ›gÃŒÛZgŠï���›âVÆ�Û}ÔZNŠZ]ZzgWŠZ[zgÎxÆ!*g}~ï™}eìz{›y¤/z{Zzģxæ¹´º~g2zZàƒc*†[~eì

    ))))6666(((( ²!1%zZáƒVc*)²!X¼Š tÅ Z ~Z]4lç

    GI …¨mè]Ÿ‰¡ÚnèÖ¡‰j7†]Ñ eZËZ£†Z?¾Z[ZKÂ[°d]»E+™{™äÆp̂Š°p™Dƒñ˜�:

    ZZâçR…]‰^l]Ò^RmÛnèmÏçÝeã^ƆençáÒ^ʆæáÚà]âØ]ÖÓj^heçqäì^”Ö¡‰¡Ýæ]ÖÛŠ×Ûnà(Úà�jo]Örç]Þg(ÂÏn‚éæ�†mÃè(æ$Ï^Êè(æu–^…é(æi^…mí÷̂æÞ¿Û^(æ$†æ]læ]ÚÓ^Þ^lýâ‚Íi7çmè]Ÿ‰¡Ý(æÚv^æÖèi7ÓnÔ]ÖÛŠ×ÛnàÊnä(æi–×n×ãÜÂßäæʆš]ÖjfÃnèÖ×džhÂ×nãÜæÚv^æÖèif‚m†â„å]ÖjfÃnèe‚…]‰^læÞ¿†m^li‚Âo]ÖÃ×Ûnèæ]ÖÛç•çÂnè(iˆÂÜ]ÖjËçÑ]ÖÃß’†p

    ))))7777(((( æ]Ö%Ï^ÊoÖ×džh]ÖÛŠnvoÂ×o]Ö7†Ñ]Ÿ‰¡ÚoXXtZydî]»**xìT»ZÈxZIÂ[Æf!»�Û{mîg6,ZsxZzg›âVÆ0ZUîVЙgì�Xo{zÑ

  • @*gõZzgÄz°ÆZ±gÐZzgñ�Š{ZzgÂz‚bÆ!*g}~XT»@sZsxÅ$+úðÔ›âV~ZkÆ0“uz2]ZVäÅÃÒÔZyÃZsxÐê?**ZzgZy6,f[Åcz~ÃÑiòŒÛZgŠbZzgZkÇÃ�Zi�ÛZë™äÅÃÒZ+î]ZzgÃc*]Æ‚BXÆ!*g}~dZzgñç¬Cƒä»Šúò™D�XZy»ìwì�\f[Ã

    ZzgpD',F,~qÝìX ÑtZsò6,K~)Kã(eZ˾Z[Æ_.f!ZIÂ[\f[ÅZsòæt6,#ZzgpD',F,~ÆiøÅãCŠ6,›âV6,ZIf[»º‡ì™äÆa›âVÃZsxÆ!*g}~eZ„Zzg—~2™äZzgZsxÃ*”{ßg]~7™äžnЛâVÆo{ÔpÄÔÑ

  • t»W¸i Z ’q-Z]4lçGI

    tÆW¸iÆ!*g}~�t’q-¾Í~ÑzqƒðZzg¾ñµ6, Z ’q-Z]4lçGI

    t»¼gZsxÆW¸i Z Zk»¼gƒZZ%sgZñ0*c*Y@*ì‰ZIDÅgZñì�Z]4lçGI

    Æ‚B„ƒŠHå·Šz»g~Å#zd',F,~»¹ZsxäÂhZÂZrVäZsx#³ÆçÜ·Šz»g~Å #" t»Ẁ¸iåX9Zsx Z u¤/xVÑzqXZzg¸Z]4lç

    GI

    #¿ÆˆªWŠòTä!*‡°{îg6,ZsxÆÜs’k,~kBW^,œ~{~~åXZkäŠzÂÁLLõzg{ìZÑsxZzgZg�áŠZ] ÑzqÅz{YyWsŠw)-¦Šb(

    ))))11111111(((( ZÅ3}é Egò°].wZÁóóKXt»W¸i2131Y~ƒZZ#¢45é EGE~GÅ Z ¼ZIDÅgZñì�’q-Z]4lç

    GI

    »Ð÷ƒðT~tðƒZ�-g\ÅYç]~²!Ô‡ZãZzguc*ãi!*yÅD+gö))))22221111(((( XN ÆackZzg-g\ŧi6,çi‡ìÅY

    ‰ZIDÆ4,Šq-Zk’q-»W¸iZkz‰ÜƒZZ#fYf[äZ0+ÖÆd²z`Êكñz;V»gcHeZ˽ZÅk5éE¦˜�:

    ZZ]áeØ]Ö†âf^á]ÖdžennàÎ’‚æ]]ŸÞ‚Ö‹ÊoMe^á¿Ûjã^ææÚr‚â^(æi%ÏËç]ÊoÚ‚]…‰ã^(æi†qÛç]]Öφkáæ]ÖÓjg]ÖÆenèMÖoÖÇ^iãÜ(i×Û„æ]Â×oÂ×Û^ð]ÖÛŠ×ÛnàÊo]ÖÃ×çÝæeí^‘èÊo]ÖË׊Ëè

    ))))33331111(((( æ]Ö_gæ]Ö†m^•n^lXX‰f!gZÖVäZ0+ÖÅÑZzggfÆZc*x~z;V»pHÔZkÆ

    æZgk~½qÝÅÔŒÛWyZzg²!ûZKi!*âV~F,ÀHÔZrVäZEx~Zzg{mîg6,,Ô¥Zzggc*M]~›yfYÅ�á¤/Š~Z(gÅX

    ZϧbtgZñÌñ�Šì�Zk’q-»W¸iŠÎ,œ~~Zkz‰ÜƒZZ#Zq-(ZeZzgŒÛ\ÅYç]~ Gerbert D'Aurillac �ÛZú0*Šg~̀',^e~Zz&Ò5ë GG)

    ))))44441111(((( g;X ExZsð6,Š,kqÝ™heÆ9̂99YÐ3001YJ-0*0*ñgzxÆÇ{6,³t»W¸i!*gƒ,œ~{~~ Z tƉâCÙ+Æ_.’q-Z]4lç

    GI Z DZ]4lçGI

    ÆZZY6,ÑHi!*y~ŒÛWy™*»F,À (Peter The Venerable ƒZXZ#BkHx)))))55551111(((( HŠHX

    tZk’q-»W¸i¾ƒ,œ~{~~U*"$™D�Z# Z ¼âCÙ+Z]4lçGI

    •n^ñ1ivÏnÐ34

  • (Alfonsox) ~».ÞZŠc*yÆjZáÐZq-ZŠZg{ (Murcia)( ZÖ²Šëä9621Y~%(i!*y~ Spainish Z1–ģïÆik,ôZã‡ìHXZÏZŠZg}~ŒÛWy™*»ïâ~)

    F,ÀHŠHXZÏŠzg~�Ûi+guŠzxäÌZsòñç¬]6,ŒÃÆF,ZW™ZñZzg))))66661111(((( -g\Æ(ZŠZgzV~5X

    ZIf[äZK(ŠgoƒV~²!zZsòExÅSàçi‡ìXX9351Y~�ÛZ÷Ô2361Y~‰`Zzg8361Y~Wxge~!*‡°{çi‡ìÅIX

    tÆ̀W¸iÅ”W‚y7ìpdf{],~ Z âIèÃg{WgZYÐ’q-Z]4lçGI

    ôp¥â]ÅãCŠ6,t¹YYì�Zk’q-»!*‡°{W¸iW^,œ~{~~ƒZXtÆ!*EV~ZÒe$èI Z qgz!*ÑWgZYÐt!*]Ì¥xƒCì�Z]4lç

    GI

    §ZƒV)gZÖVZzg0*Šg-V(ŶXtèI§ZZsxÃZq-ç{B¸ZkaZyÅdt~z{|Z]Ì Z u¤/ñV~ZsxÐo�Û]»g8-zZãŠ3ðŠêìÔÍ�fñZ]4lç

    GI

    tÔ Z �áïgì��XÅd»zØVÐÏ»£gzz‡g—ƒZp¨ù¦Z]4lçGI

    Zsx#³’q-Æîg6,wáŠ6,%ŠZgƒZìX

    tÅ@*gõ Z ’q-Z]4lçGI

    tÅ@*gõZzgà:Ådzó].z4ÃKÆaZÐZ Z ’q-Z]4lçGI

    ZŠzZg~„™**¢zg~ìX6,zWÜZ£ÂòäZLZq-z¯£!~à:Å@*gõÃ0*õZŠzZg~„Hì:

    1XªŠzgtƬŠzg»mZkiâäÐìZ#›âVäZ0+ÖÃExz.yZzg Z Z]4lç

    GI

    ÆaZ0+Ö» 1d$zÕy»‘Zg{¯Šc*åXZIf[ZkdzÕã²z`ÐZ.Š{™ägc™D¸XZ0+Öŧsg�q™äzZßVÅ(,~®ZŠZ+̶�Zsx#³_.!*]Ðu�ág¸X

    2XŠzuZŠzgŠzu}Šzg»m°lVÆiâäÐìw!xŠ+~“Å0ä

    täZkŠzg~ZsxÅ� Z Š*ñ¾Z+MÃZsx#¿~²z`6,àŠc*XfñZ]4lçGI

    ¦k,7ÅZk»ZW,æÂV-g\ÅW!*Š-V~¸̈g;X

    •n^ñ1ivÏnÐ44

  • 3XŠZŠzgtÆŠ}Šzg»mZkiâäÐìZ#QZz[ä-g8 Z ’q-Z]4lç

    GI

    Š*~ZEgZzgo/~Å5pZ÷]ÃËZg™Šc*Zzgf!¤!VäZëZŠ~³ZìÆ‚BætÊ9Ñzq™Šc*X

    4XaåŠzgaåŠzgz{ìZ#âW!*Šc*CÂx»ŠxzZ¯ÑzqƒZZzg)±ºÆÜsWiZŠ~

    (~zZã Methodology tÆZ0+ZiïZzg§i»g) Z Å’rVäÀ1XfñZ]4lçGI

    p~%ŠZgƒðZsxÆ‚B„CÙZ'ZxÆ',@*îä�Ûzr0*c*X

    5X0*vZVŠzgtÆ0*v,Šzg»mZkiâäÐìZ#Šg]ŧsЛŠ*à Z Z]4lç

    GI

    ))))77771111(((( ig(wÅŠzªÐâÑâwHŠHÂZIf[Åwøó�ZkŠzª6,%ÃiƒIXt~ Z eZË·Z™xa@g~äZgŠzŠZ],{çgsZsð~�áïZL£!Z]4lç

    GI

    tÆ&ZŠzZgf™G�ÔZyÆ_.¬ŠzgÅZ’ZYZsxÆ‚B„ƒ̂ Z ’q-Z]4lçGI

    tƱZzg!*‡°{Šzg»W¸i Z Z#ŠxŠx6,ZsxÃ#¿»‚o™**7,Z²’q-Z]4lçGI

    )ŠzuZŠzg(�gzâZzg0*0*áÅu6,4~°lVƈƒZZ#Zk’q-äZq-tÆŠ}Zzgñ�Š{Šzg»W¸iZVgz,œ~{~Ð Z Š’́q-Å̂Z(gÅXZ]4lç

    GI

    ))))88881111(((( ÑzqƒZ�Z[J-Yg~ìX

    tÆZ¾Znz£œ Z ’q-Z]4lçGI

    tÅ@*gõ»_·™äÐt¥xƒ@*ì�t’q-¼Š£œz Z ’q-Z]4lçGI

    Z@ZsÅqïg„ì:

    1XŠ´Z@Zs6�âIf™HŠH�ZsxÅgziZ‚ÛzVF,¹ä#5)Sî·Šz»g~(Å

    ',F,~û™**Ñzq™Šc*ÂZrVäZsxÆÜsî»W¸i™Šc*ÔZsòx]6,“uz2]Æ6,Š}eZáYäÑzqGX

    tÆŠ´Z@Zs»E+™{™Dƒñegï]f™™D�: Z eZ˽ZÅk5éE¦’q-Z]4lçGI

    •n^ñ1ivÏnÐ54

  • »ãCŠ~Ñ›âV~ZLÑÔŒÛWyxÔÑ

  • (Zq-‡.ÞŠgÂ[ Preaching of Islam (»ìXZyÅ"Šú]Zsx) ArnoldìX‰à:äWg&Óå EHÃW»¶K:¯c*ì�Zkät"ZIZsxÅ›~ez[

    ))))11112222(((( ™èìXZkdZ‹ZsÆ!*z�Š¤/zÓà:Àòîg6,ZID»Zq-Z(¡ìTä

    ŒÛWyzug$Ô§]z}ZsòZzgZÜtz¦sÆxŠ+~!*g;TWiâðÅp›ëÃWDg™ä»_./̧̈:WeÉZsxЊzgZzghÆZïgÆ_."äF,¹0*ðÔ(z#kZŠZg}‡ì™Æ‚³ãCŠzV6,Zsx#³î»W¸iHŠHX%*@—�:

    "A few outstanding western scholars have devoted

    their lives to Islamic studies because of sincere

    interest in them. Were it not for their industry,

    much valuable knowledge found in ancient Islamic

    manuscripts would have been last or lying forgotten

    in obscurity. English Orientalists like the late

    Reynolds Nicholson and the late Arthur Arberry

    accomplished notable work in the field of

    translating classics of Islamic literature and making

    them the general reader for the first time in a

    European language."(22)

    %*Æ–w‰**ñgf!>äZsòExÆ_·~À:Øtů6,i0+ŠHV�rŠ,Z¤/z{ÃÒ:™D¹‚gZËuât)Zsò"¤](ʼnƒDc*Í̃¿w~7,}gTXZôm,à:6�gb®$¹Òjè

    EEZzgWgêWg',~äZsòZŠ[ÆZzgZyÅ$+zª-g8i!*âV~¬xWŠò ¯ò˜0*gzV»F,ÀH)Tä(,~à]0*ð(

    Æ_·ÆaZsòZŠ[Šø7[ƒZX

    (ÏZ@Zs¬Ýf[äZL(ÏÂV³ZìÆafñZ]4lç

    GIZtÅ}.â]qÝXMVäZK&6V»½7gZEw™DƒñZEgÆjZzgºÆagZ{ûZgÅXà:ui}æt~ZEgÆaZk㢊Z]ŶK0+„™DXâW!*Šc*CŠzg~z{õx´̧VÅi!*yÔZŠ[Ôè

  • %A$™D@*�ZEg~̧'wÅŠk,0*µ/È~™ÃXZEgzZ]4lçGIZtÆZÏ!*b

    mŶK0+„™DƒñeZš/âiyäZ*fúŠ�á™ò»¸wf™Hì:ZZÊÏ‚Úç]ÚÃ×çÚ^lÚç‰ÃèæÚË’×èÂà]Ö‚æÙ]Öjo…Æfk]Ö‚æÙ]Ödženè

    æ΂]ìj×¼]ŸÚ†Êo . Êo]‰jÃÛ^…â^æ]Ÿ‰jn¡ðÂ×o$†æ]iã^æìn†]iã^Úç¾nËo æÎkÚà]ŸæÎ^lenà]ÖÛvjØæ]ÖÛŠj7†ÑÊÏ‚Ò^áÒ%n†Úà

    ))))33332222(((( ]Ÿuj¡ÙÂ×oR…]mèe^Ö7†ÑÖÇèæi^…mí÷̂æ‰n^‰èæ]Îj’^R]÷XX)Zyà:äZKî]Æ‚B(›˜´Æ0(,~zWZzg-

    ¥â]�ÛZëXTäf!̃´ÃZy´̧VÆ�ZâVZzgz‚b6,ïZzg„0*ä6,Z&¼-BïEY

    GEGHZzgFŠiÂ-VƒZ�tï™äzZáZzgàtZq-„ÃWñÔZEgƹÐznpgz{¸�ætÅi!*yÔ@*gõÔ(„Zzgu»ZYDgnp¸X

    �ÛZ÷~æ¹i!*âVŽ»Zq-ZŠZg{Y~‡ìHŠHZkZŠZg}ÅZÍAó��¼Š u¤/xV̂zZÎÆ!*g}~×ñZŠ%A$™**åXà:ÅZq-)®))

    xŠ+ÆâCÙ+6,Œ¶(ä32¢zV~Zq-ñΔîG»g™Šc*TÐ̂~î�ðÆa-g8Z̧Zxä½7gÃZ+{QVc*X�ÛZ÷~‡ìHŠHtZŠZg{�ÛZú¯`ÐzZhåX

    eZËZ£¾Z[Z]4lçGIZtÆZEgzmÆ‚B.}m»E+™{™Dƒñ

    ˜��tmW`̇ììZzgf!Ó‘(Ïz'Z5ðyZâV~µ/‚i~Æaà:ÐæŠfe�Xz{˜�:

    "The history of Orientalism shows that it was

    closely connected with the needs and purpose of

    Colonialism and with Christian missionary. That

    connection remains, it has now become apart of

    the geo-political strategies of western governments

    and their intelligence services."(24)

    Šzu~kBxƈZ#âW!*Šc*CZMZg»{؃**ÑzqƒZÂZEgÃZ”V~ZMZgÃgh**7,ZÂZIf[ä5D+ÛZ(gÅZrVäZL\g]{âVÔ̧_Zzg

    ~à:ÃZëBV6,Ã,̂HMVä (Diplomatic Missions) eøz!n.ç IEEZEg~jÐWiZŠƒäzZá”V~‡ìƒäzZàÓáVðxZPxЊzegGgpp~ZC™ŠZgZŠZHX

    Šzg].h+~f!̧ÂVä湊*~ZLZW,zÓfÇìgppZzg¬Ýæt)Sî

    •n^ñ1ivÏnÐ84

  • ZsòŠ*(Å'Z5ðz(ÏwÃæÃgnpƒñZL˜´~æ¹zZsòExÆ%Zœ/‡ìGXÅî]Ã7ÃgÄ™¬ÝætÆ!*g}~µ/È~ÅYCìXeZËâiy’k,™D�ZyZñg~Ð�à:Ų!zZsòî]Æ(ÏzZEg~Z@ZsÆ‚BmÃzZã™D�Zq-Zë!*]tì�Z%MÅFYç]~Zsòz²!ExÆ%Zœ/‡ìG‰��ÎZ%Ou»gâàZæZŠŠîìZzgÚ´c*bz~ZæZŠ(ÏZ@ZsÆ‚BmÆZ±gÐYg~ìZzgZyZŠZgzV~Åï̂Ã(Ï£œÆaZEwHY@*ìz{˜�:

    ZZæÚÛ^mçÒ‚]…if^½]Ö‚…]‰^l]ÖÆenè]Ÿ‰¡Únèe^Ÿâ‚]Í]ÖŠn^‰nè]Ÿuj¡Önè]á]ÖvÓçÚè]ŸÚ†mÓnèÚøç$Öøkû‚R]Úà]ÖÛ†]ÒˆÖׂ…]‰^l]ÖÆenè]Ÿ‰¡ÚnèÊo]ÖÂm‚Úà]Ör^ÚÃ^l]ŸÚ†mÓnè(æÚ^‡]ÖkiÛçÙeÖã^MÚ^iÛçm¡÷Ò^Ú¡÷]æiÛçm¡÷qˆñn÷^æÊÏ^ÖÛ‚p]…if^½]Ö‚…]‰è

    ))))55552222(((( e^â‚]Í]ÖvÓçÚè]ŸÚ†mÓnèæ‰n^‰jã^XXf!̃´ÅYç]~‡ìG‰%Zœ/',Zñæ¹zZsòExÅî]Æ

    ‰ÍÚšµ°pzdÆ��p¨ù¦Zyî]Æ}òzWU*gætZzgZsxÅÇF,)ã7™DXeZËZ£¾Z[Æ_.óñç¬]ÆZN!*]~){mîg6,ZsxÔ@*gõz1d$Zsx(›yfYÆ£«~%œ/~w\Zzg·Š~fYc*c*}.Z**Ùk|Z]Ãq݃CìXz{˜�:

    "In these centers Atheist, Christian and Jewish

    scholars have at least an equal usually greater

    authority than Muslims in the choice and framing

    of the topics for research in Islamic history and

    civilization and in the teaching of Islam."(26)

    ZOŠ~zçÙ£œÂZsxÅgziZ‚ÛzVF,¹Ãgz1 ’q-Z]4lç

    GIZt»W¸i)6�f™HY[ì(ÆaHŠHåpˆ~ZkÆ£œ~ZŸ†ƒŠHXZIf[äZLçÙ¢ŠZ]

    ZzĝgCç5]Å',F,~Æa²!i!*yZzgZsò1d$zpÄ»_·HXZrVä湊*{mîg6,Zsò̃´~Z,qÑ]aZ™äÅÃÒÅ�Zỹ´Æz‚b6,ïHYñÔQŠzg~ŠZ4ƒäƈf[äætÆ{xâwÆf{],6,Ã

    •n^ñ1ivÏnÐ94

  • )ðX‰ZIDÅgZñì�Z]4lçGIZt»Z‚Ï@sZOŠ~yZy„åZzgŠ+Zzg&4n.ç GEIG~

    uÃZ4ZOŠ~Z@ZsÆ”wÆaZEwHŠHXeZËâiy˜�:ZZæâß^ÕÚàm†p]á]Öã‚Í]ŸÎj’^RpÒ^áâç]Ÿ‰^ŒÊo]Ÿ‰j7†]Ñ

    ))))77772222(((( æ΂]‰jÇØ]Ö‚màæ]Öjß’n†ÖjvÏnÐ]Ÿâ‚]Í]ŸÎj’^RmèXXà:ZKî]Æfg)ætÆ�ZíŶK0+„™DXZϧbZrV

    äZ¦ZŠzz‚bÆxŠ+~Z÷æ¹ZzgZsòW!*Š-V~Zˆk²~ìx™äÅ[�ÅX湊*6,f[Ædz„~ºtÅŠJuèä~à:Ã{§pZ{»x!q݃ðX

    ’q-Z]4lçGIZtÆèÃg{Z@Zs»Y,̂{heÐt!*]‚tWCì�’q-

    Z]4lçGIZtZK‰µEVÆ!*z�Š¨ù¦ZsxŠ#Æ_.!*]Ðu�ágìZzg’q-Å]}.â]ÃæÃg3YñÂظì�ZkÅu¤/ñVäZsxÅ)ǦgÉÅTÅzzÐZsxÆÜso�Û]ä�Ûzr0*c*ZϧbZsxÆ!*g}~ï™DƒñŠc*-$zœZ‰ÜÆQßßVÃÃZ0+ZiHŠHX¢zg]ZkZ%Åì�ZsxZzgxŠ+Zsxд]Z]4lç

    GIZ¹î]»**ŠZ:Y,̂{1YñZzgZyÅ™Kõ]ŶK0+„ÅYñ@*�ZsxZzg0]Zsx»_·™äzZÑ›ëÐMÙƒX

    jZ!Y]ŠZg™ŠgÔwX]Ôm471 Z0àgÔ·0(xÔ—yZ²[ÔÛz]Ô 1X

    âiy0&b!‹3¨é EGãÔZÑ]4lçGIZtÔZØCÙ>ÔŠZgZäzZHÔwX]Ôm3 2X

    Z&kÔÑsZ−+ÔZsxZzgà:ÔZW¥/|ÔŠZgZ¢Ô4002YÔ2B84Ô05 3X4. Edward Said, Orientalism, New York, Vintage, 1979, P.1

    gZàg~Ô·-ŠÔ’q-Z]4lçGIZtÔCŠZgZ‰xŠ-ÈÔâga8891Ôm43Ô53 5X

    $»40î GEG Z0Z',Z�ZÊ-)Ïî EÔZÑ]4lçGIZtzZ−gZ‚]Ñs!0îGGÔrŠgZ

    Å.h4lçGI:z]g

    #-�êGG

    ÔZ°c*n: 6XZp!îEGÔ8991YÔm53Z£†Z?¾Z[Ôgƒ!îGGZÑs!0îGGÉÕä]4lç

    GIZtÔZ°c*n:ŠZgZÑ™ÈîGÉÒ3¨é IG£îEGzZÉ4lç EIzZÑ´xÔ8891YÔ 7Xm7X8

    MYZÅWyXÅÔf“{8141|Ô6&321 MYZÅWyÔуg: ZÑiCÙ~Ô·™x�á{ 8Xâiy0&b!‹3¨é EGãÔZÑ]4lç

    GIZtÔm4 9X

    •n^ñ1ivÏnÐ05

  • Zs 01X MYZÅWyÔ6B621 ZÑiCÙ~Ô·™x�á{ 11X

    âiy0&b!‹3¨é EGã¼WZÑ]4lçGIZtÔm4 21X

    ZÅk5éE¦ÔZ−Æg·½ÔZÑ]4lçGIZtzZÅ)4lç

    GI¸yÔÛz]ÔŠZgZßgZtÔwX]Ôm71Ô81 31XŠZgZ‚gÔ3991YÔm31 ·Z£Šc*[ÔZ−ÆgÔZçZYZZÑ]4lç

    GIZtzZÅ.h4lç

    GI:ÔZØCÙ>: 41XúŠ£~iLÛztÔZ−ÆgÔZÑ]4lç

    GIZtzZÄCÒ3ªî EGEGZËtÉÒ¸çZqZÄB}é Eg~ÔZØCÙ>:9891YÔm23 51XZs 61X

    - ÜZ£ÂòÔZsxZzgà:ÔZW¥/|ÔŠZgZ¢Ô4002YÔ2&11X72 71X·Z™xa@g~ÔeZËÔ]ZgŠzŠZ],{çgsZsðÔуg:º[-Eg;Ôâga2002YÔ 81Xm565X475ZÅk5éE¦ÔZ−Æg·!{‹§ö

    EWÔZÑ]4lç

    GIZtzZÅ.h4lç

    GI¸yÔm03Ô13 91Xâiy0&b!‹3¨é EGãÔZÑ]4lç

    GIZtÔm8 02XZsÔm33 12X

    22. Maryam Jameelah, Islam and Orientalism,Lahore, Mohammad

    Yusuf Khan & & Sons, Second Edition, 1990. P.29

    âiy0&b!‹3¨é EGãÔZÑ]4lçGIZtÔm9 32X

    24. Ahmad Ghorab, Dr. Subverting Islam, Kuala Lumpur, The Open

    Press, 1996. P.03

    âiy0&b!‹3¨é EGãÔZÑ]4lçGIZtÔm01 52X

    26. Ahmad Ghorab, Dr. Subverting Islam, P.04

    âiy0&b!‹3¨é EGãÔZÑ]4lçGIZtÔm9 72X

    j

    •n^ñ1ivÏnÐ15

    Print linePage 1Page 2Page 3Page 4Page 5Page 6Page 7

    urdu