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YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

FDFJX\O\ FDK YSMYOS[HO\ MB OUF@YJO LS_KO MHJ\ FDK NF\ LMDKOD\F[O\

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Lruko Mhj Lruko Mhj Lmdkodsfto Lmdkodsfto Lmdkodsfto

F‘ 5‘ 5;<‐ 8;;‐ 66;<‐

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Lm`pmdodt

Lfrcmd khmxhko

Dhtrmnod@otefdo

Otefdo

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Cutfdos

Yodtfdos

Eoxfdos

Eoptfdos fdk eofvhor

@mjolujfr wohnet L, pjus

\polhbhl nrfvhty L, pjus, 29‘/2M‐B

Rhslmshty L, pjus, \fycmjt udhvorsfj

solmdks ft jMMmB

[fda-mhj nrfvhty, MFYH ft 29¹/299B

Yrmkulhdn nfs/mhj rfthm, lu bt/ccj

-soo Sob 63, K <3>

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―R hslm s h t y 9 6 ro s hk u f j 9 6 6 j o b t h d f p p f rf t u s , f p p rm w` f j~ d n H e o e o xf d o s -p ju s ` f t o r h f j

Lm`pmshthmd Sfdnos mb Nfs-Lmdkodsfto \ysto`s

Fpp rmxh`f to lm`p mshthmd hdk hlos bmr nfs-lmdkod sfto sys-

to`s fro teo nfs/jhquhk rfthm mb prmkulok bjuhks (sm`o-

th`os lfjjok teo NMS) m r hts rolhprmlfj, teo jhquhk/nfs

rfthm, fdk teo nrfvhty mb teo tfda jhquhk sopfrftok mut ud-

kor vfrhmus sur bflo lmdkhthmds. [eoso twm hdkhlos vfry

whkojy1 teoy km dmt dolossfrhjy prmvo w eoteor f eykrmlfr-

cmd systo` hs  hd  teo vfpmr pefso hd teo rosorvmhr.Ohjorts ot fj. ‘ (R mj. 6, Lefps. 6 fdk 5) semw hd f sur-

voy teft teo jhquhk/nfs rfthms mb nfs-lmdkod sfto systo`s

lfd vfry brm` `mro tefd ?99 (vory ‚rhle‐) tm joss tefd

69 ccj/@@slb1 tfda lmdkodsfto prmkulok brm` teo wojjs

vfrhok brm` joss tefd <9 tm `mro tefd 59 ‐FYH, fdk `mro

tefd 5? % w fs whtehd teo rfdno mb ;? tm 2?‐ FYH. Ohjorts

ot fj.‘ (Rmj. 6) fjsm qumto f rujo mb teu`c teft f nfs-

lmdkodsfto systo` oxhsts weod teo nfs/jhquhk rfthm oxlooks

?,999 lu bthccj (39 9 ccj/@ @slb fdk joss) fdk teo jhquhk

hs jhnetor tefd ?M‐FYH. [ehs fppofrs tm co md teo lmdsor-

vfthvo shko colfuso teor o hs ovhkodlo teft systo`s oxhst

fs shdnjo-pefso vfpmr hd teo rosorvmhr weod teo surbflo

nfs/jhquhk rfthm hs joss tefd ;,999 lu bt/ccj (`m ro tefd 3?9

ccj/@@slb) fdk teo FYH nrfvhty mb teo jhquhk hd teo stmla

tfdas hs jmwor tefd ;9‐FYH.

F `mro fllurfto roprosodtfthmd mb teo lm`pmshthmd mb

nfs-lmdkod sfto bjuhks hs prmvhko k cy brflthmdfj fdfjysos

mb teo wojj strof`s lm`hdn brm` teo rosorvmhrs. [eo lmd-

trfst mb teo bjuhk lm`pmshthmd whte teo tmtfj strof` lm `-

hdn brm` lruko-mhj rosorvmhrs hs bfhrjy jfrno bmr teo rojfthvo

f`mudts mb teo jhnetor vs. eofvhor odks mb teo pfrfbbhd-

eykrmlf rcmd sorhos. Bmr oxf`p jo. Ohjorts ot uj. ‘ (Rmj.

6, [fcjo 5.5) ropmrt f `otefdo lmdtodt brm` fcmut > ? tm

89 `mj% bmr sovorfj nfs-lmdkodsfto systo`s, w eorofs

Kmksmd fdk \tfdkhdn‐ ropmrt ;; fdk ?< `mj%, rospol-

thvojy, bm r twm lruko-mhj systo`s (soo [fcjo <8.6). [eo

tfcjo, emwovor, semws `ule jmwor eoptfdos-fdk-eofvhorlmdtodt bmr teo nfs-lmdkodsfto systo`s tefd bmr teo lruko

mhj. [eoso fro teo twm mutstfdkhdn lm`pmshthmd bofturos

mb nfs-lmdkod sfto systo`s.

Yrossuro fdk [o`porfturo Sfdnos mb

Nfs-Lmdkodsfto Sosorvmhrs

Nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhrs `fy mllur ft pros suros cojmw

3.999 psh fdk to`porfturos cojmw j99‐ B39 fdk prmcf-

cjy lfd mllur ft fdy ehneor bjuhk prossuros fdk to`porf-

turos whtehd rofle mb teo krhjj. @mst admwd rotrmnrfko

nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhrs fro hd teo rfdno mb <,999 tm

5,999 psh fdk 399 tm ;99¹B. [eoso prossuro fdk to`por-

fturo rfdnos, tmnoteor whte whko lm`pmshthmd rfdnos, prm-

vhko f nroft vfrhoty mb lmdkhthmds bmr teo peyshlfj coefvhmr

mb nfs-lmdkodsfto kopmshts. [ehs o`pefshzos teo dook bmr

vory `othlujmus odnhdoorhdn stukhos mb ofle nfs-

lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr tm frrhvo ft teo cost `mko mb kovoj-

mp`odt fdk mporfthmd.

Yefso fdk Oquhjhcrhu` Coefvhmr

Fd udkorstfdkhdn mb teo coefvhmr mb puro pfrfbbhd

eykrmlfrcmds fdk sh`pjo twm-lm`pmdodt mr teroo-

lm`pmdod t sy sto`s (hdvmjvhdn sule lm`pmu dks fs

`otefdo, podtfdo, fdk kolfdo) hs mb lmdshkorfcjo codobht

tm teo odnhdoor wmrahdn whte nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhr

prmcjo`s. Ox lojjodt l mvorfn o hs nhvod tehs sucgolt cy \fno

fdk Jfloy ‘ fdk f `mro lmd kodsok khslusshmd cy Cur-

lha.‘ Mllfshmdfj rovhow mb sule `ftorhfj whjj fsshst teo

odnhdoor lmdlordok whte `mro lm`pjox eykrmlfrcmd

`hxturos.

Lefp. 3< koslrhcos teo pefso fdk oquhjhcrhu` coefvhmr

mb lm`pjox (`ujthlm`pmdodt) eykrmlfrcmd `hxturos (soo

Bhn. 3<.6; fdk teo fllm`pfdyhdn khslusshmd). Dm to teft

teo lrhthlfj stfto (lrhthlfj pmhdt) hs teft stfto mr lmdkhthmd

ft wehle teo lm`pmshthmd fdk fjj mteor hdtodshvo prmpo r-

thos mb teo nfs pefso fdk teo jhquhk pefso colm`o

hkodthlfj-h.o., teo pefso s fro hdkhsthdnuhsefcjo. Hd nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhrs, teo pmrthmd mb teo pefso khfnrf`

tm teo jobt mb fdk fcmvo teo lrhthlfj pmhdt whjj dmt co hd-

vmjvok.

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NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\ <8-<

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Bhn. <8.6-Yefso khfnrf` mb Ohjorts‘ Bjuhk 5;<.

[eo tor` ‚rotrmnrf ko lmdkodsfthmd‐ (khslussok hd

Lefp. 3<) hs usok `mro jmmsojy tefd h`pjhok cy hts

rhnmrmus kobhdhthmd, ‘ Hd bhojk prflthlo, teo tor` `fy h`-

pjy fdy prmloss w eoro teo f`mudt mb lmdkodshdn jhquhk

pefso pfssos termune f `fxh`u`, weoteor teo prmloss

hs hsmteor`fj mr dmt.

^ehjo Bhn. 3<.6; prmvhko s f sh`pjhbhok phlturo m b teo

pefso khfnrf` , rosorvm hr odnhdoors whjj bhdk teft vory bow

qufdthtfthvo pefso khfnrf` s md dfturfjjy mllurrhdn nfs-

lmdkodsfto `hxturos efv o cood pucjhseok . Bhns. <8.6

termune <8.< lm`o brm` oxtodshvo wmra‘ fdk roprosodt

qufdthtfthvo `ofsuro` odts md teo bjmw strof`s brm` wojjs

hd teo Lefp oj Ehjj, Lf rtefno , fdk \oojhnsmd bhojks hd

[oxfs. [eo lrhthlfj pmhdts fro dmt semwd colfuso teoy fro

ft to`porf turos cojmw te mso mb hdtorost tm bhojk mporfthmds.

[ehs o`pefshzos teft teo lm`pmshthmds mb nfs-lmdkodsfto

systo`s vfry whkojy fdk strmdnjy fbbolt teo bmr` mb teo

pefso khfnrf`s odlmu dtorok hd fltufj nfs-lmdkod sfto

rosorvmhrs. [eoso teroo pefso khfnrf`s roprosodt f

rofsmdfcjo sprofk hd teo prmpo rthos m b nfs-lmdkod sfto sys-

to`s. brm` f nfs/jhquhk rfthm mb fcmut 65,999 tm 28,999

lu bthccj (?2 tm 6;.? ccj/@@slb). [ehs kmos dmt `ofd,emwovor, teft fjj mteor nfs-lmdkodsfto systo`s wmujk bfjj

hdshko teo jh`hts mb teo prmpo rthos sunnosto k cy teoso teroo

pefso khfnrf`s.

[eo teroo lfsos hd Bhns. <8.6 termune <8.< h`pjy teft

teo kowpmhdt cmudkfry fpprmfleos zorm prossuro ft f rojf-

thvojy ehne to`porf turo. Mteo r lmdkodsfto systo` s fro co-

jhovok tm fpprm xh`fto teo qufjhtfthvo phlturo sem wd hd Bhn.

3<.6; `mro ljmsojy. Dmto teft fjj teroo systo`s oxehcht

cmte lrhlmdkodteor` fdk lrhlmdkodcfr pmhdts (`fxh`u`

to`porfturo fdk prossuro, rospolthvojy, coymdk wehle

teoro hs dm jhquhk prosodt hd teo vfpmr)1 teo lrhthlfj to`-

porftur os fjj bfjj tm teo jobt mb ofle khfn rf` ft jmwor to`-

porfturos fdk prossuros tefd teo `fxh`f bmr teo kowpmhdt

cmudkfrhos.Jhquhk-lmdtodt jhdos md pefso khfnrf`s lfd co ropro-

sodtok cy f du`cor mb khbborodt udhts. Bhns. <8.6 termune

<8.< uso nfjjmds por temusfdk luchl boot mb sopfrftmr nfs.

Bhn. <8.3-Yefso khfnrf` mb Ohjorts‘ Bjuhk 66;<.

[eo fpprmxh`fto coefvhmr mb lmdkodsfto bjuhks wehjo

cohdn prmkulok brm` teo rosorvmhr hdtm surbflo vossojs lfd

co roprosod tok fkvfdtfnomusjy md pefso khfnrf`s. Hd Bhn.

<8.3, bmr oxf`pjo, Jhdo B[ semws f bjmw pfte bmr bjuhks

teft stfrts ft bmr`fthmd lmdkhthmds (mutshko te o kowpm hdt

cmudkfry, hdkhlfthdn teft teo bmr`fthmd bjuhks woro fjj hd

vfpmr pefso)1 prmlooks tm sfdkbflo prossuro, Ymhdt \ h ,

ft teo wojj1 koljhdos fs teo bjuhk rhsos br m` te o cmttm`

mb teo emjo tm teo wojjeofk, Ymhdt ^E1 pfssos termune

teo lemao tm sopfrftmr lmdkhthmds, Ymhdt \3 1 fdk rofleos

Ymhdt [, roprosodthdn tfda lmdkhthmds. [eo pefso khfnrf`

hs teus eojpbuj tm teo odnhdoor hd vhsufjhzhdn wef t efp-

pods tm nfs-lmdkodsfto bjuhks fs teoy bjmw brm` teo bmr-

`fthmd tm teo wojjcmro fdk brm` teoro tm surbflo

oquhp`odt.

;,?MMb>>>>>>>

[O@YOSF[_SO, *B

Bhn. <8.<-Yefso khfnrf` mb Ohjorts‘ Bjuhk 8;;

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<8-; YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

@otemks efvo cood prmpmsok cy Mrnfdhla‐   fdk Ohjorts

ot fj. * bmr prokhlthdn teo lrhthlfj to`po rfturos fdk pros-

suros mb eykrmlfrcmd `hxturos fdk bmr lm`puthdn teo

pefso khfnrf` s (hdljukhdn kowpm hdt lurvos) mb nfs-

lmdkodsfto bjuhks. [ eo kopodkfchjhty mb teoso `otemks bmr

f whko rfdno mb nfs-lmdkodsfto lm`pmshthmds efs dmt yotcood ostfcjhseok. Bmr rosorvmhr odnhdoorhdn wmr a, khrolt

jfcmrftmry `ofsuro`odts mb pefso khfnrf`s mr mb

prossuro-kopjothmd coefvhmr fro dolossfry colfuso mb teo

jfrno rolmvorhos ft stfao. Jfcmrftmry wmra `fy dmt co

roquhrok bmr mteor prmcjo`s.

Nfs/Jhquhk Sfthms dk Jhquhk

Nfs-Lmdkodsfto \ysto`s

Lmdtodts mb

Fs khslussok ofrjhor, ht hs khbbhlujt tm spolhby w eoteo r f

eykrmlfrcmd systo` hs hd teo vfpmr pefso hd teo rosor-

vmhr brm` `ofsuro` odts mb bhojk nfs/jhquhk rfthm fdk tfda-

mhj nrfvhty. Bjuhk prmkulthmd whte tfda-mhj nrfvhthos fs jmw

fs <9‐FYH fdk nfs/jhquhk rfthms fs jmw fs <,999 lu bt/ccj

`fy co brm` truo nfs-lmdkod sfto systo`s1 tehs pmsshchjh-

ty semujk fjwfys co leolaok cy jfcmrftmry `ofsuro`odts

mb pefso coefvhmr bmr teoso fdk hdtor`okhfto vfjuos.

‚Jhquhk lmdtodt‐ fdk ‚nfs/jhquhk rfthm‐ lfd co khrolt

rolhprmlf js, kopodkhdn md teo typo mb prmcjo` l mdshkorok.

[eo tor`s `u st co lfrobujjy kobhdok hd ofle lfso colfuso

nfs-lmdkod sfto systo`s hd teo bhojk broquodtjy udkornm

khbborodt typo s mb sopfrfthdn p rmloku ros teft hdvmjvo sovor-

fj stfnos cobmro teo bhdfj jhquhk pefso (‚jhquhk‐ `ofds

eykrmlfrcmd jhquhk udjoss mteorwhso spolhbhok) rofleos teo

tfdas ft ft`mspeorhl prossuro. [m stuky teo prmporthos mb

nfs-lmdkod sfto bjuhks ft rosorvmhr lmdkhthmds, ht hs lmd-

vodhodt tm kobhdo nfs/jhquhk rfthms fdk jhquhk lmdtodts md

teo cfshs mb teo nfs fdk jhquhk mu tputs mb teo bhrst-stfno

sopfrftmr termune wehle teo bjuhks pfss. [eoso twm mut-

put strof`s teod roprosodt teo tmtfj lm`pmshthmd mb teo

nfs-lmdko dsfto bjuhk hd teo rosorvmhr hb sf`pjhdn, prmkul -

hdn, fdk `ofsurhdn lmdkhthmds efvo cood prmporjy sot fdk

`fhdtfhdok. Mteor nfs/jhquhk rfthms `fy co ropmrtok, emw -

ovor, hdljukhdn teo tmtfj nfs mutput mb fjj stfnos mb sopf-

rfthmd khvhkok cy teo tfda-jhquhk vmju`os lmrrospmdk hdn

tm teo nfs mutput7 dmto teft teo tmtfj nfs mutput wmujk hd-

ljuko f `ofsuro`odt mb tfda vfpmrs fs wojj fs sopfrftmr

nfs tm roprosodt teo bujj lm`pmshthmd mb teo wojjstrof`.

[eo nfs/jhquhk rfthm ft stmla-tfda lmdkhthmds `fy co

rmunejy f pprmx h`ftok weod bhojk bflhjhthos fro dmt fvfhj-

fcjo bmr `ofsuro`odts. [eo nfs fdk jhquhk bjmw rftos brm`teo ehne-stfno sopfrftmr fro mcsorvok fdk f jhquhk sf`-

pjo lmjjoltok brm` te o sopfrf tmr hd f stfhdjoss-stooj lyjhd-

kor mb admwd vmju`o. Hb fjj teo lyjhdkor lmdtodts fro cjok

hdtm f lfjhcrftok nrfkufto ft ft`mspeorhl prossuro fdk teo

vmju`o mb teo rosujtfdt jhquhk p efso hs lm`pfrok whte teo

mrhnhdfj jhquhk vmju`o, fd fpprmxh`fto vfjuo mb teo jhquhk-

pefso serhdafno `fy co kotor`hdok. Brm` tehs, teo ehne-

stfno nfs/jhquhk rfthm `fy co lmdvortok tm stmla-tfda lmd-

khthmds. [ehs prmlokur o hndmros teo vmju`o mb nfs jhcor-

ftok cotwood ehne-stfno sopfrftmr fdk stmla-tfda

lmdkhthmds. [ehs vmju`o lfd co fpprm xh`ftok cy ushdn

f lfjhcrftok njfss sopfrftmr whte nfs `otor fttfleok hd

pjflo mb teo nrfkuf to. Hndmrhdn tehs nfs vmju`o fkks bur-

teor orrmrs tm temso rosujthdn brm` dmt sh ujfthdn teo ox-hsthdn bhojk stfno sopfrfthmd lmdkhthmds. [eo ehneor teo

bhrst-stfno sopfrfthmd prossuro , teo nroftor teo orrmr hd tmtfj

nfs vmju`o mb teo nfs/jhquhk rfthm. [e hs hs mdjy fd fpprmx-

h`fto `otemk teft `fy co usok weod teoro fro dm hdtor-

`okhfto sopfrft mr stfnos fdk stmla tfdas bmr hdkhvhkufj

wojj `ofsuro`odts fdk weod teo ft`mspeorhl to`porf-

turo fdk prossuro km dmt vfry fpprolhfcjy brm` stmla-tfda

lmdkhthmds.

Nfs/jhquhk rfthms usufjjy fro ropmr tok hd luchl boot porcfrroj mb jhquhk (m r temusfdks mb luchl boot por cfrroj) fdk

jhquhk lmdtodts m r jhquhk/nfs rfthms hd cfrrojs mb jhquhk por

`hjjhmd stfdkfrk luchl boot mb nfs. [eo sopfrf tmr strof`s

usok hd teo rfthm `ust co spolhbhok.

Yrmporthos m b \opfrftok Yefsos

[eo prmporthos mb cmte jhquhk fdk nfs pefsos sopfrftok

brm` nfs-lmdkod sfto strof`s lfd vfry lmdshkorfcjy. Mdo

mb teo km`hdfdt prmp orthos mb teo nfs hs ehne `otefdo lmd-

todt. O hjorts o t fj.  3 (Rmj. H, Lefp. 5) jhst teo lm`pm sh-

thmds mb teo nfs fdk jhquhk pefsos mb ohnet nfs-lmdkodsfto

systo`s. @otefdo lmdtodts mb teo nfs pefsos (sh`ujftok

brm` bhojk sopfrftmrs) vfrhok brm` fcmut 9.5< tm 9.83 `mjo

brflthmd1 teo eoxfdos fdk eofvhor (‚eoxfdo s pjus‐) vfr-hok brm` 9.99; tm fcmut 9.99 5 ` mjo brflthmd. [eo jhquhk

pefso s vfrhok brm` fcmu t 9.6 tm dofrjy 9 .< `mjo brflthmd

`otefdo1 eoxfdos pjus vfrhok brm` fcmut 9.; tm 9.> `mjo

brflthmd.

,

Hd teo fcsodlo mb `ofsurok kftf, prmporthos mb teo sopf-

rftok pefso s mb nfs-lmdko dsfto systo`s (hdljukhdn vmju-

`otrhl fdk kodshty coefvhm r) lfd co fpprmx h`ftok cy

`otemks koslrhcok hd Lefps. 39 termune 3<, ospolhfjjy

Lefps. 39 fdk 33 (soo fjsm Sobs. 8 fdk 6; ).

Rhslmshthos mb Nfs-Lmdkodsfto \ysto`s

[eo vhslmshty mb f nfs-lmdkod sfto systo` hs mb hdtorost hd

vfrhmus rosorvmhr lfjlujfthmds, pfrthlujfrjy whte rospol t

tm lyljhdn mporfthmds fdk teo roprosodtfthmd mb sule rosor-

vmhrs hd lm`p utor ` mkojs. ^eod ovor pmsshcjo, vhslmshty

mb teo vfpmr pefso ft rosorvm hr lmd khthmds semujk co `ofs-

urok khroltjy. Lfrr ot fj. 3< prosodtok f `otemk tm osth-

`fto teo vhslmshthos mb nfs systo`s brm` f admwjokno mb

lm`pmshthmds mr spolhbhl nrfvhthos (soo fjsm Lefp. 39 fdk

Sob. 6;). 

Rhslmshthos mb sopfrfto nfs fdk jhquhk pefsos ft teo sur-

bflo lmdkhthmds usufjjy odlmudtorok lfd co mctfhdok cy

khrolt `ofsuro`odt mr cy teo uso mb teo lmrrojfthmds bmr

nfs provhmusjy `odthmdok fdk teo lmrrojfthmd mb Leow fdk

Lmddfjjy3; bmr jhquhk (soo fjsm Lefp . 33 ). Rhslmshty hd-

bmr`fthmd md sopfrf tok ` ftorhfjs hs dookok `fhdjy bmr

sopfrftm r mr pjfdt roshkuo nfsos tm co hdgoltok k urhdn ly-

ljhdn fdk bmr sm`o typo s mb rosorvmhr lfjlujfthmds.

Nfs Lmdkodsfto ^ojj [osts fdk \f`pjhdn

Yrmp or tosthdn mb nfs-lmdkod sfto wojjs hs ossodthfj tm fs-

lortfhd teo stfto mb teo eykrmlfrcmd systo` ft rosorvmhr

lmdkhthmds fdk tm pjfd teo cost prmkulthmd fdk rolmvory

prmnrf` bmr teo rosorvmhr. ^htemut prmpor wojj tosts fdk

sf`pjos, ht wmujk co h pmsshcjo tm kotor`hdo teo pefso

lmdkhthmds mb teo rosorvmhr lmdtodts ft rosorvmhr to`porf -

turo fdk prossuro fllurftojy fdk tm osth`fto teo f`mudt

mb eykrmlfrc md `ftorhfjs hd pjflo fllurftojy.

[osts fro `fko md nfs-lmdkodsfto wojjs bmr f du`cor

mb spolhbhl purpmsos7 tm mctfhd roprosodtfthvo sf`pjos bmrjfcmrftmry fdfjyshs tm hkodthby teo lm`pmshthmd fdk prmp-

orthos mb teo rosorvmhr bjuhks1 tm `fao bhojk kotor`hdfthmds

md nfs fdk jhquhk prmporthos1 fdk tm kotor`hdo bmr`fthmd

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\<8-?

fdk wojj lefrfltorhsthls, hdljukhdn prmkulthvhty. prmku-

lhchjhty, fdk hdgolthvhty. [eo bhrst lmdshkorfthmd bmr sojllt-

hdn wojjs bmr nfs-lmdkod sfto bjuhk sf`pjos hs teft teoy co

bfr odmune brm` teo ‚cjfla-mhj rhdn‐ (hb prosodt) tm

`hdh`hzo fdy lefdlo teft teo jhquhk mhj pefso w hjj odtor

teo wojj kurhdn teo tost porhmk. F solmdk fd k ehnejy h`-pmrtfdt lmdshkorfthmd hs teo sojolthmd mb wojjs whte fs ehne

prmkulthvhthos fs pmsshcjo sm teft `hdh`u` prossuro kr fw-

kmwd w hjj co subborok weod teo rosorvmhr bjuhk sf`pjos

fro flquhrok.

^ojj Lmdkhthmdhdn

Yrmp or w ojj lmdkhthmdhdn hs ossodthfj tm mctfhd roprosod-

tfthvo sf`pjos brm` teo rosorvmhr. [eo cost prmkulthmd

rftos cobmro fdk kurhdn teo sf`pjhdn prmlokuro efvo tm

co lmdshkorok hdkhvhkufjjy bmr ofle rosorvmhr fdk bmr ofle

wojj. _sufjjy teo cost prmlok uro hs tm uso teo jmwost rfto

teft rosujts hd s`mmte wojj mporfthmd fdk teo `mst kopodk-

fcjo `ofsuro`odts mb surbflo prmkults. @hdh`u` krfw-kmwd mb cmttm`e mjo prossuro kurhdn teo lmdkhthmdhdn

porhmk hs koshrfcjo fdk teo prmku lok n fs/jhquhk rfthm semujk

ro`fhd lmdstfdt (whtehd fcmut 3%) bmr sovorfj kfys1 teo

joss-por`ofcjo rosorvmhrs roq uhro jmdnor porhmks. [eo bfr-

teor teo wojj kovhftos brm` lmdstfdt prm kulok nfs/jhquhk

rfthm. te o nroftor teo jhaojhemmk teft teo sf`pjos whjj dmt

co roprosodtfthvo.

Solm`chdok sopfrftmr sf`pjos brm` nfs-lmdkodsfto

wojjs fro lmdshkorok `mro roprosod tfthvo mb teo mrhnhdfj

rosorvmhr bjuhk tefd sucsurbflo sf`pjos.

Fllurfto `ofsuro`odts mb eykrmlfrcmd nfs fdk jhquhk

prmkulthmd rftos kurhdn teo wojj-lmdkhthmdhdn fdk wojj-

sf`pjhdn tosts fro dolossfry colfuso teo jfcmrftmry tosts

whjj jftor co cfsok md bjuhk lm`pmshthmds rolm`chdok hd

teo sf`o rfthms fs teo eykrmlfrcmd strof`s ` ofsurok hd

teo bhojk. [eo mrhnhdfj rosorvmhr bjuhk lfddmt c o sh`ujft-

ok hd teo jfcmrftmry udjoss fllurfto bhojk `ofsuro` odts

mb fjj teo sopfrftm r strof`s fro tfaod. (Nfs/jhquhk rfthms

`fy co ropmr tok fdk usok hd sovorfj khbborod t bmr`s, fs

khslussok provhmusjy.) Hb teo prmku lok nfs/lm dkodsfto(nfs/jhquhk) rfthm brm` bhojk `ofsuro` odts hs hd orrmr cy

fs jhttjo fs ? %, teo kowpmhd t prossuro kotor`hdok hd teo

jfcmrftmry `fy co hd orrmr cy fs `ule fs 699 psh. ^ftor

prmkulthmd rftos semujk co `ofsurok sopfrftojy fdk prm-

kulok wftor oxljukok fs `ule fs pmsshcjo brm` eykrmlfr-

cmd sf`p jos sodt tm teo jfcmrftmry .

\opfrftmr prossuro fdk to`porfturos semujk ro`fhd fslmdstfdt fs pmsshcjo kurhdn teo wojj-lmdkhthmdhdn porhmk1

tehs whjj eojp `fhdtfhd lmdstfdly mb teo strof` rftos fdk

teus mb teo mcsorvok eykrmlfrc md nfs/jhquhk rfthm. Hb teo

wojj hs cohdn propfrok kurhdn f porhmk weod ft`mspeorhl

to`porftu ros vfry lmdshkorfcjy brm` dhnet tm kfy.

rofsmdfcjy lmdshstodt fvorfno to`porfturos fdk prossuros

md teo sovorfj vossojs kurhdn teo lmdkhthmdhdn porhmk

semujk co fkoqufto.

Bhojk \f`pjhdn dk [ost Yrmlokuros

Fbtor teo lmdkhthmdhdn porhmk efs prmlo okok jmdn odmune

tm semw teft prmkulhdn lmdkhthmds fro stofky. oxflthdn

`ofsuro`o dt `otem ks `ust co usok tm mctfhd roprosod-tfthvo sf`pjos. [eo `olefdhls mb wojj sf`pjhdn hs pfr-

thfjjy lmvorok hd Lefps. 63 termune 6;, 62, fdk 6>. [eo

eojp mb oxporhodlo k jfcmrftmry porsmddoj hs fkvhsfcjo hd

flquhrhdn nfs fdk lmdkodsfto-jhquhk sf`pjos. Lortfhd

`hdh`u` hto`s mb hdbmr`fthmd hd fkkhthmd tm fjj strof`

rftos fro ossodthfj, hdljukhdn ronujfr rofkhdns mb teo pros-

suros fdk to`por fturos mb fjj vossojs sf` pjok, fdk mb tuc-

hdn eofks fdk lfshdn eofk s weo ro fvfhjfcjo, fdk f

rolmrk ok ehstmry m b teo wojj lmdkhthmds cobmro fdk kur-hdn sf`pjhdn. fjmdn whte teo fltufj `olefdhls mb teo sf`-

pjhdn stops. Mteo r hdbmr`fthmd flquhrok kurhdn teo

sf`pjhdn porhmk tef t wmujk e ojp tm oxpjfhd rosorvmhr fdk

wojj lmdkhthmds semujk fjsm co rolmrk ok colfuso ht hs uso-

buj hd hdtorprothdn teo rosujts mb teo tosts.

Lfro `ust co tfaod teft teo lm`pmshthmds mb nfs fdk

jhquhk sf`pjos mctfhdok fro roprosodtfthvo fdk fro prmp-

orjy prosorvo k bmr jfcmrftmry fdfjysos. FYH SY ;;=‘ mut-

jhdos fpprmp rhfto sf` pjhdn `ote mks.

Bmr lfsos weod teo jhquhk-pefso sf`pjo hs mctfhdok ft

f jmw to`porfturo (brm` jmw-to`porfturo sopfrfthmd

oquhp`odt), trhoteyjodo-njylmj/w ftor `hxturos fro lmd-

vodhodt bmr lmjjolthdn teo sf`pjos. [od porlodt mr `mro

mb teo lyjhdkor vmju`o bmr jhquhk-pefso sf`pjos sem ujkco nfs tm provodt oxlosshvo prossuro teft lmujk rosujt brm`

to`porftu ro rhso kurhdn sucsoquodt sehp`od t. [ehs 69%

‚nfs l fp‐ lfd co obboltok cy ljmshdn teo lyjhdkor sf`pjo-

hdjot vfjvo weod 89 % mb teo njylmjhwftor `hxturo efs cood

khspjflok fdk teod lfrobujjy whtekrfw hdn dofrjy fjj teo

ro`fhdhdn `hxturo brm ` teo cmttm` mb teo lyjhdkor w htemut

jmshdn teo mhj pefso.

[eo vmju`os mb bjuhks roquostok bmr jfcmrftmry tosthdn

semujk co flquhrok kurhdn teo sf`pjhdn porhmk. pjus f

rofsmdfcjo f`mudt (3? % mr `mro) mb oxtrf sf`pjo `fto-

rhfjs hd sopfrf to lmdtfhdors bmr o`ornodly uso semujk sm`o

mb teo `fhd sf`pjos co jmst cy jofafno mr mteor fkvorshty

cotwood teo bhojk shto fdk teo jfcmrftmry.

Ft teo odk mb fltufj sf`pjhdn `olefdhls hd teo bhojk,

teo wojj semujk ro`fhd md strof` bmr f rofsmdfcjo porhmk

mb th`o, fdk hts prmkulhdn rfto, nfs/jhquhk rfthm, fdk vfr-

hmus prossuros fdk to`porfturos semujk co mcsorvok tm

lmdbhr` teft teoy fro lmdshstodt whte teo hdbmr`fthmd ko-

vojmpok cob mro fdk kurhdn teo sf`pjhdn porhmk. Fdy rfk-

hlfj lefdnos semujk co fdfjyzok lfrobujjy tm kolhko

weot eor rosf`pjhdn `fy co dolossfry tm odsuro fllurf-

ly mb teo sf`pjos fdk wojj stfthsthls mctfhdok kurhdn teo

sf`pjhdn porhmk.

Oquhp`odt hs fvfhjfcjo b mr `fahdn sm `o  kotor`hdfthmds

mb nfs-lmdkod sfto prmpor thos hd teo bhojk. ‘ F`mdn teoso

prmportho s fro teo nfs/jhquhk rfthms mb sovorfj vossojs

sh`ujfthdn vfrhmus sopfrfthmd lmdkhthmds (du`cors mbstfnos, prossuros fdk to`porfturos mb teo stfnos, fdk mteor

lmdkhthmds) fdk teo ‚nfsmjhdo lmdtodt‐ mb teo mvoreo fk

nfs ft ofle stfno. Hb eykrmnod sujbhko fdk lfrcmd khmxhko

fro prosodt hd teo prmkulthmd strof`s, spolhfj sf`pjhdn

prmlokuros semujk co usok fdk teo sf`pjos semujk co tfaod

hd stfhdjoss-stooj lyjhdkors. [eoso lmrrmshvo nfsos lmujk

roflt whte teo sf`pjo lyjhdkors kurhdn sehp`odt.

Bhojk kotor`hdfthmds mb teo eykrmlfrc md lm`pmshthmds

mb strof`s brm` nfs-lmdkodsfto wojjs lfd co `fko whte

fpprmprhfto brflthmdfthmd oquhp`odt hd `mchjo jfcmrf-

tmrhos. Ohjorts rt fj. ‘ koslrhcok sule oquhp`odt fdk teo

tost prmlok uros bmr kotor`hdhdn teo obbolt mb hdkhvhkufj

eykrmlfrc mds md jhquhk/nfs rfthms ft khbborodt sopfrfthmd

prossuros fdk to`por fturos. [eoso tosts lfd fsshst hd ko-tor`hdhdn mpth`u` bhojk sopfrfthmd lmdkhthmds bmr nhvod

prmkulthmd mcgolthvos. [eoy roquhro spolhfj oquhp`odt fdk

oxporhodlok porsmddoj.

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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<8-2 YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

@ofsuro `odts mb nfs-lmdkodsfto wojj prmkulthvhty,

prmkulhchjhty, fdk hdgolthvhty fro mb lmdshkorfcjo h`pmr-

tfdlo bmr pjfddhdn mvorfjj bhojk mporfthmds fdk shzo mb

pjfdts bmr ohteor nfsmjhdo rolmvory mr lmdkodsfto-jhquhks

rolmvory fdk lyljhdn, fs cfsos bmr lmdtrflts bmr kojhvorf-

chjhty brm` f rosorvmhr bmr phpojhdo purpm sos, fdk bmr vfr-hmus mteor dooks. [ ehs tmphl hs khslussok `mro bujjy jftor1

tost prmlokuros fro koslrhcok hd Lefp . << fdk hd sovorfj

pucjhseok stfdkfrks fdk ronujfthmds. 32-38

weoro

A, 0 teo oquhjhcrhu` rfthm bmr `otefdo,

y6 0 `otefdo hd teo vfpmr pefso, `mj%, fdk

Uj 0 `otefdo hd teo jhquhk pefs o, `mj% .

[eo oxporh`odtfj oquhjhcrhu` rfthm bmr `otefdo hs >.>6bmr teo to`porf turo fdk prossuro oxhsthdn hd teo bhojk sopf-

rftmr ft teo th`o mb sf`pjhdn.

\f`pjo Lmjjolthmd fdk Ovfjufthmd

Hd tfahdn sf`p jos bm r rolm`chdfthmd tm ovfjufto f nfs-

lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr, teo sf`pjos m b nfs fdk sf`pjos mb

jhquhk usufjjy fro tfaod brm` teo bhrst stfno mb sopfrfthmd.

F roprosodtfthvo pmrthmd mb fjj teo eykrmlfrc mds prmku lok

brm` teo wojj whjj co lmdtfhdok hd teoso twm sf`pjos. [eo

bhrst stop hd teo jfcmrftmry stuky hs tm ovfjufto teo sf`-

pjos tfaod. [eo bhrst tost hs tm `ofsuro teo cuccjopmhdt

mb teo sopfrftm r jhquhk. [eo cuccjopmhdt semujk lmrrospmdk

tm teo sopfrftmr prossuro ft sopfrftmr to`porfturo ft teoth`o teo sf`pjos woro tfaod.

[eo oquhjhcrhu` rfthms bmr ofle mb teo eykrmlfrc mds

`otefdo termun e eoxfdo f ro lfjlujftok hd f sh`hjfr `fd-

dor. [eoso kftf lfd teod co lm`pfrok whte oquhjhcrhu`

rfthms, sule fs temso pucjhseok hd Sob. 62 .  Hb teo oquhjhc-

rhu` rfthms lm`p fro bfvmrfcjy, teod teo sf`pjos fro hd

oquhjhcrhu` fdk teo stuky semujk lmd thduo. Hb teoy km dmt

lm`p fro wojj, teod dow sf`pjos semujk co mctfhdok co-

bmro prmlookhdn.

[eo eykrmlfrcmd lm`pmshthmd mb teo sopfrftmr sf`pjos

semujk teod co kotor`hdok cy lerm`ftmnrfpey mr jmw-

to`porf turo brflthmdfj k hsthjjfthmd mr f lm`chdfthmd mb

cmte. Fd oxf`pjo mb teo lm`pmshthmd mb typhlfj sopf rftmr

prmku lts f ro semwd hd [fcjo <8.3 . [eoso lm` pmshthmds

`fy co ovfjuftok cy lfjlujfthmd mb teo oquhjhcrhu` rfthm

bmr ofle lm`pmdodt (soo Lefp. 3<). [eo oquhjhcrhu` rf-

thm bmr f lm`pmdodt hs teo `mjo porlodt mb teft lm`pm-

dodt hd teo vfpmr pefso khvhkok cy teo `mjo porlodt mb

teo sf`o lm`pmd odt hd teo jhquhk pe fso. Fs fd oxf`p jo,

teo oquhjhcrhu` rfthm bmr `otefdo hd [fcjo <8.3 hs lfjlu-

jftok cy teo oqufthmd

A, 0yj/x, 05<.96/69.>20>.>6,

Solm`chdfthmd mb \opfrftmr \f`pjos

[eo sf`pjos fro dmw rofky tm co rolm`chdok hd teo sf`o

rfthm teft teoy woro prmkulok. Colfuso w o efvo sf`pjosmb bhrst-stfno sopfrftm r nfs fdk bhrst-stfno sopfrftm r jhq-

uhk, wo `ust efvo teo prmku lok nfs/jhquhk rfthm hd teo

sf`o bmr`. Hb teo prmkulhdn nfs/jhquhk rfthm wfs `ofs-

urok hd teo bhojk hd tehs bmr`, teod wo lfd prmlook khrolt-

jy whte teo rolm`chdfthmd. Hb teo rfthm wfs `ofsurok hd

teo bhojk hd teo bmr` mb prh`fry-sop frftmr nfs por cfrroj

mb solmdk-stfn o sopfrftm r jhquhk mr por cfrroj mb stmla-

tfda jhquhk, teod f jfcmrftmry serhdafno tost `ust co rud

tm sh`ujfto bhojk sopfrfthmd lmdkhthmds. [eo serhdafno mc-

tfhdok lfd teod co usok tm lmdvort teo bhojk-`ofsurok rf-

thm tm teo bmr` dolossfry bmr teo rolm`chdfthmd. Mdlo teo

sopfrftmr prmkults efvo cood rolm`chdok, teo lm`pmsh-

thmd lfd co `ofsurok fdk lm`pfrok whte teo lfjlujftok

lm`pmshthmd. [ehs whjj leola teo fllurfly mb teo peysh-

lfj rolm`chdfthmd.

[FCJO <8.3-EXKSMLFSCMD FDFJX\O\ MB \OYFSF[MS YSMK_L[\ FDK LFJL_JF[OK ^OJJ \[SOF@

\oKfrftmr Jhfuhk \opfrftmr Nfs

Lm`pmdodt (`mj )

Eykrmnod sujbhko 9.99

L&cmd khmxhko

Dhtrmnod

@otefdo

Otefdo

Yrmpfdo

hsm-Cutfdo

d-Cutfdo

hsm-Yodtfdo

d-Yodtfdo

Eoxfdos

Eoptfdos pjus

[mtfj

9.99

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69.>2

2.6>

5.56

3.5?

>.93

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9.>;

6.39

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9.36

9.;6

699.99

Yrmporthos mb eoptfdos p ju s

FYH nrfvhty ft 2M‚B <8.9

Kodshty, n/l`< ft 29fS).538<

@mjolujfr wohnet 629 69<

nfj/j ,999 lb nfs

3.;?;

6.3<6

9.3;6

9.<>2

9.66<

9.989

9.95?

9.65?

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-

^ojj \trof`

`mj nfj/j,999 lb nfs

9.99

9.96

9.66

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8.88 2.992

699.99 63.363

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Lfjlujftok sopfrftmr nfs nrfvhty (fhr 0 6.999)

Lfjlujftok nrmss eofthdn vfjuo bmr sopfrftmr nfs por luchl bmmt mb kry nfs ft

9.288

6;.2? pshf fdk 29¹B, Ctu

Yrh`fry-sopfrftmr-nfs/sopfrftmr-jhquhk rfthm ft 29¹B, slb/ccj*

Yrh`fry-sopfrftmr-jhquhk/stmla-tfda-jhquhk rfthm ft 29¹B, ccj

Yrh`fry-sopfrftmr-nfs/wojj-strof` rfthm, @sl^@@slb

\tmla-tfda-jhquhk/wojj-strof` rfthm, ccj/@@slb

* Y r h` f ry so p f rf t m r n f s fd k p r h` f ry so p f rf t m r j h q u hk lm j j ol t o k f t ; ; 9 p s hn fd k 5 > ‘B .

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7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\ <8->

Kowpmhdt fdk Yrossuro/Rmju`o Sojfthmds

[eo jfcmrftmry porsmddoj whjj doxt `ofsuro teo pros-

suro/vmju`o rojfthmds mb teo rosorvmhr bjuhk ft rosorvmhr

to`porftur o whte f vhsufj lojj. [ehs hs f lmdstfdt-lm`pm-

shthmd oxpfdshmd fdk burdhseos teo kowpmhdt mb teo rosor-

vmhr bjuhk ft rosorvmhr to`porftu ro fdk teo tmtfj vmju`omb teo rosorvmhr bjuhk fs f budlthmd m b prossuro. [eo vmju`o

mb jhquhk ft prossuros cojmw teo kowpmhdt fs f porlodt mb[FCJO <8.<-YSO\\_SO/RMJ_@O SOJF[HMD\

MB SO\OSRMHS BJ_HK F[ 3?2MB

teo tmtfj vmju`o `fy fjsm co `ofsurok . Yefso khfnrf`s (Lmdstfdt-Lm`pmshthmd Oxpfdshmd)

lfd co kovojmp ok ky `ofsurhdn teo jhquhk vmju`os f t

sovorfj mteor to`porfturos. [fcjo <8.< hs fd oxf`pjo m b

teo kowpm hdt kotor`hdfthmd fdk prossuro/vmju`o rojfthmds

mb f nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr bjuhk.

\h`ujftok Yrossuro Kopjothmd

Yrossuro kopjothmd mb nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhrs `fy co

sh`ujftok hd teo jfcmrftmry cy uso mb ehne-prossuro vhsufj

lojjs. Hd teoso kopjothmd stukhos `fko hd teo jfcmrftmry,

teo fssu`pthmd hs teft teo rotrmnrfko jhquhk teft lmdkodsos

hd teo rosorvmhr rmla whjj dmt flehovo f subbhlhodtjy ehne

sfturfthmd tm colm`o ` mchjo. [ehs fssu`pthmd fppofr s tm

co vfjhk oxlopt bmr vory rhle nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhrs.

Bmr vory rhle nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhrs weor o teo rotrm-

nrfko jhquhk `fy flehovo f ehne odmune sfturfthmd tm `h-

nrfto tm prmkulhdn wojjs, teo nfs/jhquhk rojfthvo

por`ofchjhty kftf semujk co `ofsurok bmr teo rosorvmhr

rmla systo` . [eoso kftf lfd teod co usok tm fk,gust teo

prokhltok rolmvory brm` teo rosorvmhr.

[fcjo <8.; hs fd oxf`pjo mb f kopjothmd stuky md f nfs-

lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr bjuhk. Dmto brm` [fcjo <8.; teft teo

kowpm hdt prossuro mb tehs rosorvmhr bjuhk hs 2,969 p shn.

[eo lm`pmshthmd jhstok hd teo 2,969-pshn- prossuro lmju`d

hd [fcjo <8.; hs teo lm`pmshthmd mb teo rosorvmhr bjuhk ft

teo kowpmhdt fdk oxhsts hd teo rosorvmhr hd teo nfsomus

stfto

Yrossuro(Y\^

>,?99

>,999 *

2,?99

2,<99

2,399

2,699

2,969+

?.8?9

?,899

?,599?,299

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;,?99

;,999

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<,999

3,?99

3,699

6,529

6,25<

6,;29

6,389

6,629

6,9?9

Sojfthvo Kovhfthmd Bfltmr,

Rmju`o z

9.8<;6 6.<35

9.8?3< 6.32;‘ *

9.8>3> 6.68s

9.85<; 6.6>?

9.8586 6.62<

9.88;3 6 6?9

6 mmmm 6.6;9b

6.99<;

6.99>2

6.96<56.932>

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6.<982

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<.<6><

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―N f s o xp f d s hm d b f l t m r 0 6 ; > , @ sl b h c c ,

[FCJO <8.;--KOYJO[HMD \[_KX F[ 3?2¹B

2,969 ?,999

Sosorvmhr Yrossuro, pshn

;,999 <,999 3,699 6,399 >99 >99*

Eykrmlfrcmd Fdfjyshs mb Yrmkulok ^ojj \trof`, `mj

Lm`pmdodt

Lfrcmd khmxhko

Dhtrmnod

@otefdo

Otefdo

Yrmpfdo

hsm-Cutfdo

d-Cutfdo

hsm-Yodtfdo

d-Yodtfdo

Eoxfdos

Eoptfdos pjus

@mjolujfr wohnet mb eoptfdos pjus 6?5 6;2 6<; 63< 66?

Kodshty mb eoptfdos pjus 9.53> 9.56> 9.59? 9.>8; 9.>5;

Kovhfthmd bfltmr, z

Oquhjhcrhu` nfs

[wm-pefso

^ojj strof` prmkulok, lu`ujfthvo

mb hdhthfj

6.6;9 6.96? 9.58> 9.5?< 9.52? 9.893 9.8<56.6;9 6.962 9.836 9.5?6 9.>88 9.>33 9.263

9.999 2.23; 6>.;>5 <3.83> ;8.896 25.6;2 >>.893

9.96

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>9.28 ><.29 >2.295.2> 5.>3 5.53

?.32 ?.39 ?.62

6.69 6.9? 6.96

3.36 3.98 6.88

9.52 9.>5 9.><

9.>2 9.>9 9.2?

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7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/39-gas-condensate-reservoir 8/28

<8-5 YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMAO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

6.2

6?

6.;

H <

63

h H

69

98

95

9>

9.2

9 6999 3999 <999 ;999 ?999 2999 >999 5999

Y ro ssu ro . m s h

Bhn. <8.;-Kovhfthmd bfltmr, z, mb wojj strof` kurhdn kopjothmd

ft 3?2MB.

[eo kopjothmd stuky hs porbmr`ok cy oxpfdkhdn teo

rosorvmhr bjuhk hd teo lojj cy whtekrfw hdn `orlury brm`

teo lojj udthj teo bhrst kopjothmd prossuro hs rofleok 1 tehs

hs ?,999 pshn hd teo oxf`pjo. [eo bjuhk hd teo lojj hs

crmune t tm oquhjhcrhu` fdk teo vmju`o mb rotrmn rfko jhq-

uhk hs `ofsuro k. [eo `orlury hs teod rohdgoltok hdtm teo

lojj fdk, ft teo sf`o th`o, nfs hs ro`mvok brm` teo tmp

mb teo lojj sm teft f lmdstfdt prossuro hs `fhdtfhdok. @or-

lury hs hdgoltok hdtm teo lojj udthj teo eykrmlfrc md mr rosor-

vmhr vmju`o mb teo lojj hs teo sf`o fs teo vmju`o weod

teo tost wfs conud ft teo kowpmhdt prossuro. [eo nfs

vmju`o ro`mvok brm` teo lojj hs `ofsurok ft teo kopjo-

thmd prossuro fdk rosorvmhr to`porfturo. [eo nfs ro`mvokhs lefrn ok tm fdfjythlfj oquhp`odt weo ro hts lm`pmshthmd

hs kotor`hdok fdk hts vmju`o hs `ofsur ok ft ft`msp eorhl

prossuro fdk to`porfturo. [eo lm`pmshthmd kotor`hdok

hs teft jhstok hd [fcjo <8.; udk or te o eofkhdn ?,999 pshn.

[eo vmju`o mb nfs prmkulok hd tehs `fddor hs teod khvhk-

ok cy teo stfdkfrk vmju`o mb nfs hd teo lojj ft teo kow-

pmhdt prossuro. [eo prmkul ok vmju`o hs prosodtok hd [fcjo

<8.; fs lu`ujfthvo wojj strof` prmkulok.

Fs `odthmdok ofrjhor, fs teo nfs hs ro`mv ok brm` teo

tmp mb teo lojj, hts vmju`o hs `ofsur ok ft teo kopjothmd

prossuro fdk rosorvmhr to`porf turo. Brm` tehs vmju`o,

teo ‚ hkofj vmju`o‐ mb tehs khspjflok vmju`o `fy co lfj-

lujftok w hte teo hkofj-nfs jfw. ^eod teo hkofj vmju`ohs khvhkok cy teo fltufj vmju`o mb teo nfs prmkulok ft

stfdkfrk lmdkhthmds, wo not teo kovhfthmd bfltmr, z, bmr

teo prmku lok nfs. [ehs hs jhstok hd [fcjo <8.; udkor

?

;??

;99

<??

<99

3??

399

6??

6

?

9

9 6999999 3999999 <999999 ;999999 ?999999 2999999 >999999 5999999

Y ro ssu ro . p s hro ssu ro . p s h

Bhn. <8.?--Sotrmnrfko lmdkodsfthmd kurhdn kopjothmd.hn. <8.?--Sotrmnrfko lmdkodsfthmd kurhdn kopjothmd.

‚Kovhfthmd Bfltmr z, oquhjhcrhu` nfs‐ fdk pjmttok hd Bhn.

<8.;. [eo fltufj vmju` o mb nfs ro`fhdhdn hd teo lojj ft

tehs pmhdt hs teo nfs mrhnhdfjjy hd teo lojj ft teo kowpmhdt

prossuro `hdus teo nfs prmku lok ft teo bhrst kopjothmd jov-

oj. Hb wo khvhko teo fltufj vmju`o ro`fhdhdn hd teo lojj

hdtm teo lfjlujftok hkofj vmju`o ro`fhdhdn hd teo lojj ft

tehs bhrst kopjothmd prossuro , wo mctfhd teo twm-p efso kovh-

fthmd bfltmr semwd hd [fcjo <8.;. ^o lfjj tehs vfjuo f

twm-p efso k ovhfthmd bfltmr colfuso teo `ftorhfj ro`fhd-

hdn hd teo lojj fbtor teo bhrst kopjothmd jovoj hs fltufjjy nfs

fdk rotrmnrfko jhquhk fdk teo fltufj nfs vmju`o wo lfj-

lujftok fcmvo hs teo nfs vmju`o pjus teo vfpmr oquhvf-

jodt mb teo rotrmnrfko jhquhk. [eo twm-pefso z bfltmr hsshndhbhlfdt hd teft ht hs teo z bfltmr mb fjj teo eykrmlfrcmd

`ftorhfj ro`fhdhdn hd teo rosorvmhr. Ht hs teo twm-p efso

z bfltmr teft semujk co usok weod f pjz-vs.-lu`ujfthvo-

prmkulthmd pjmt hs `fko hd ovfjufthdn nfs-lmdkod sfto prm-

kulthmd.

[ehs sorhos mb oxpfdshmds fdk lmdstfdt-prossuro khs-

pjflo`odts hs ropof tok ft ofle kopjothmd prossuro udthj fd

frchtrfry fcfdkm d`odt prossuro hs rofleo k. [eo fcfdkmd-

`odt prossuro hs lmdshkorok frchtrfry colfuso dm odnh-

doorhdn mr olmdm`hl lfjlujfthmds efvo cood `fko tm

kotor`hdo tehs prossuro bmr teo purpmso mb teo rosorvmhr-

bjuhk stuky.

Hd fkkhthmd tm teo lm`pmshthmd mb teo prmku lok wojj

strof` ft teo bhdfj kopjothmd prossuro , teo lm`pmshthmd mbteo rotrmnrfko jhquhk wfs fjsm `ofsurok. [eoso kftf fro

hdljukok fs f lmdtrmj lm`pmshthmd hd teo ovodt teo stuky

hs usok bmr lm`pmshthmdfj `ftorhfj-cfjfdlo purpm sos.

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/39-gas-condensate-reservoir 9/28

NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\ <8-8

[eo vmju`o mb rotrmnrfko jhquhk `ofsurok kurhdn teo

lmurso mb teo kopjothmd stuky hs semwd hd Bhn. <8 .? fdk

[fcjo <8.?. [eo kftf fro semwd fs f porlodt m b eykrmlfr-

cmd pmro spflo. [eoso fro teo kftf teft semujk co usok

hd lmdgudlthmd whte rojfthvo por`ofc hjhty kftf fdk wfto r

sfturfthmd kftf tm kotor`hdo teo oxtodt mb rotrmn rfko jhq-uhk `mchjhty. Fs `odthmdok ofrjhor, tehs hs f shndhbhlfdt

bfltmr mdjy whte oxtro`ojy rhle nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhrs.

Fjsm mctfhdok brm` teo rosorvmhr bjuhk stuky hs [fcjo

<8.2. [ehs tfcjo w fs lfjlujftok whte teo rosujts mb teo jfc-

mrftmry kopjothmd stuky koslrhcok provhmusjy fppjhok tm

f udht-vmju`o rosorvmhr. [eo udht vmju`o lemsod wfs

6,999 @slb hd pjflo ft teo kowpmhdt prossuro (dmto teo

6,999 @ slb hd [fcjo <8.2 hd teo bhrst lmju`d mb du`cors).

Oquhjhcrhu` rfthms wo ro teod usok tm lfjlujfto teo f`mudt

mb stmla-tfda jhquhk, prh`fry -sopfrftmr nfs, solmdk-stfn o

nfs, fdk stmla-tfda n fs lmdtfhdok hd teo udht-vmju`o rosor-

vmhr. [ eo oquhjhcrhu` rfthms usok woro bmr teo sopfrftmr

lmdkhthmds jhstok ft teo cmttm` mb [fcjo <8.2. [eo sopf-

rftmr lmdkhthmds usok bmr teoso lfjlujfthmds semujk co teolmdkhthmds hd uso hd teo bhojk mr temso lmdkhthmds fdthlh-

pftok bm r teo bhojk. [eo rojfthvo f`mudts mb nfs fdk jhq-

uhk prmkulok whjj co f budlthmd mb teo surbflo sopfrfthmd

lmdkhthmds, f`mdn mteor tehdns. [eoso lfjlujfthmds `fy

co `fko ft f vfrhoty mb lmdkhthmds tm kotor`hdo mpth`u`

sopfrftmr prossuros fdk to`porfturos. Bmr teo purpmso mb

tehs tfcjo, prmkulthmd wfs conud ft teo kowpm hdt prossuro .

[eo f`mudt mb tmtfj wojj obbjuodt (wojj strof`) prmkulok

brm` tehs udht-vmju`o rosorvmhr fs f budlthmd m b prossuro

hs jhstok hd teo tfcjo. [eo f`mudt mb stmla-tfda jhquhk prm-

kulok fs f budlthmd mb prossuro hs fjsm jhstok. [eo prh`fry-

sopfrftmr nfs, solmdk-stfno nfs, fdk stmla-tfda nfs fro

prosodtok hd f sh`hjfr `fddor. Rfrhmu s mteo r bfltmrs fs-

smlhftok whte teo prmkulthmd mb teo nfs fdk lmdkodsftobrm` tehs rosorvmhr fro fjsm prosodtok hd teo tfcjo.

[FCJO <8.?--SO[SMNSFKO LMDKOD\F[HMD

K_SHDN NF\ KOYJO[HMD F[ 3?2‘B

Sotrmnrfko Jhquhk Rmju`oYrossuro (% eykrmlfrcmd

^8) pmro spflo)

2,969‘ 9.9?,8?9 [rflo?,899 9.6

?,599 9.3

?,299 9.?

?,<99 3.9

?,999‘ * >.5

;,999 36.<

<,999 3?.9

3,699 3;.;

6,399 33.?

>99 36.9

9 6>.2

―Ko wp ` t p ro ssu ro

‚ B h r s t k o p jo t h m d j o vo j .

[fcjo <8 .2 semw s teo hdhthfj stmla -tfda jhquhk hd pjflo

tm co 656.> ; ccj bmr tehs udht-vmju`o rosorvmhr. Fbtor prm-

kulthmd tm >99 pshn, ?6.86 ccj efk cood prmkulok. [eo

khbborodlo cotwood teoso twm du`cors (65 6.>; - ? 6.8 6),

638.5 < ccj, hs teo f`mudt mb rotrmnrfko jmss mr jhquhk sthjj

udprmkulok ft >99 pshn oxprossok hd tor`s m b stmla-tfda

cfrrojs. [eo vfjuo mb 656.>; ccj `fy co lmdshkorok teo

rolmvory cy prossuro ` fhdtodfdlo, fssu`hdn 699% lmd-

bmr`fdl o fdk 699 % khspjflo`odt obbhlhodly.

[fcjo <8.> burdhseos teo nrfvhty mb teo stmla-tfda jhq-

uhk teft `fy co oxpoltok tm co prmkulok fs f budlthmd

mb rosorvmhr prossuro. Fjsm ropmrtok fro teo hdstfdtfdo-mus nfs/jhquhk rfthms fs f budlthmd mb rosorvmhr prossuro.

[FCJO <8.2-LFJL_JF[OK L_@_JF[HRO SOLMROSX K_SHDNKOYJO[HMDYOS @ @slb MB M SHNHDFJBJ_HK

^ojj strof`, @slb

Dmr`fj to`porfturo sopfrfthmd‘

\tmla-tfda jhquhk, ccj

Yrh`fry sopfrftmr nfs, @slb

\olmdk-stfno nfs, @slb

\tmla-tfda nfs, @slb

[mtfj pjfdt prmkults hd prh`fry sopfrftmr nfs, nfj

Otefdo

Yrmpfdo

Cutfdos (tmtfj)

Yodtfdos pjus

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Otefdo

Yrmpfdo

Cutfdos (tmtfj)

Yodtfdos pjus

[mtfj pjfdt prmkults hd wojj strof`, nfj

Otefdo

Yrmpfdo

Cutfdos (tmtfj)

Yodtfdos pjus

Hdhthfj

hd Yjflo

6 MMm 9 22.3;

656.>;

>>>.6?

<5.?3

<5.;?

6,5;6

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(whn)

2.969 ?.999

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

69.95 36.5< <6 .f8 <8.>2 ;>.<2 ?6.86

?<.65 6;?.62 35<.>5 ;;9.93 295.3? 282.>?

3.32 ?.6> 5.9< 69.?6 6<.36 6;.88

3.38 ?.<5 5.>< 66.5? 6?.?6 65.9?

632 <;; 2>; 6,9?9 6,;>; 6,>98

?5 62< <<6 ?32 >;8 5><

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63 <? >< 633 6>> 392

63 3> ;3

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<

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>9 6>5 <3? ;52 2>; >58

;95 589 6,<33 6,259 3,9<> 3,3;8

;,999 <,999 3,699 6,399 >99

6>;.>5 <38.3> ;88.96 256.;2 >>8.93

―Y r h` f ry so p f rf t m r f t ; ? 9 p s hn f d k , X B , so lm d k -s t f n o sopfrftmr , 699 ps,nfdk ?MB, stm la tfda f , >?KB

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/39-gas-condensate-reservoir 10/28

<8-69 YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

[eoso k ftf `fy co lfjlujftok whtemut teo codobht mb rmla

prmpor tjos m r hdtorsththfj wfto r vfjuos. [eo fssu`pthmd hs

teft teo rotrmnr fko jhquhk kmos dmt flehovo shndhbhlfdt `m-

chjhty. Colfu so mdjy mdo pefso hs bjmwhdn, wftor fdk

eykrmlfrc md jhquhk sfturfthmds km dmt odtor hdtm teo lfj-

lujfthmds. [eo fssu`pthmd teft teo rotrmnr fko jhquhk kmos

dmt bjmw hd teo rosorvmhr oxlopt hd teo krfwkmwd frof h`-

`okhftojy frmudk teo wojjcmro fppof rs tm co nmmk . Mdjy

whte vory rhle rosorvmhrs kmos `mvo`odt mb rotrmnrfko

jhquhk fkk shndhbhlfdtjy tm wojj prmkulthmd.

Ht wfs `odthmdok ofrjhor teft teo `mst pmpujfr bmr` mb

`ftorhfj cfjfdlo md f nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr hs teo p/z-

vs.-lu`ujfthvo-prmkulthmd lurvo. Ht wfs stftok teft teo z

bfltmr tm co usok `ust co teo twm-pefso 7 bfltmr. [eo lu-

`ujfthvo prmk ulthmd `ust co teo tmtfj prmkulthmd brm` teo

wojj. [ehs hdljukos. hd `mst hdstfdlos, teo bhrst-stfno sop f-

rftmr nfs, solmdk-stfno sopfrftmr nfs, tfda vfpmrs. fdk

teo vfpmr oquhvfjodt mb teo stmla-tfda jhquhk. [e o `mst

fllurfto prmku lthmd bhnuros brm` f nfs-lmdkodsfto bhojk

fro usufjjy teo sfjos-nfs vmju`os. [ehs usufjjy hdljukosteo bhrst- fdk solmdk-stfno sopfrftmr nfs. [m `fao teo p/z-

vs.-lu`ujfthvo pjmt, teo tfda vfpmrs fdk teo vfpmr oquhvf-

jodt mb teo stmla jhquhk `ust co fllmudtok bmr. ^htemu t

teo codobht mb jfcmrftmry kftf, teo tfda vfpmrs `ust co

osth`ftok fdk teo vfpmr oquhvfjodt mb teo stmla-tfda jhq-

uhk lfjlujftok whte fd fvorfno mr osth`ftok du`cor.

[fcjo <8.> burdhseos teo kftf tm `fao teoso lfjlujfthmds.

Hb sfjos nfs hs teo prh`fry- fdk solmdk-stfno nfs, fdk teo

fvorfn o rosorvm hr prossuro hs ?.999 p shn, teod teo tmtfj

wojj-strof` vmju`o lfd co lfjlujftok cy khvhkhdn teo sfjos

vmju`o cy 9.5<>9 ;. [ehs bfltmr fllmudts bmr teo tfda

vfpmrs fdk teo vfpmr oqu hvfjodt mb teo tfda jhquhk. Hb teo

sfjos nfs hs mdjy teo bhrst-stfno nfs, teod teo fpprmp rhfto

bfltmr wmujk co 9.5935?.

Mporfthmd cy Yrossuro Kopjothmd

Yrossuro-kopjothmd nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr coefvhmr lfd

co prokhltok brm` teo jfcmrftmry kftf koslrhcok provhmus-

jy, mr hb dolossfry, cy vfrhmus lmrrojfthmd fdk lm`putfthmd

prmlok uros teft prmvhko sh`hjfr hdbmr`fthmd (whte joss fl-

lurfly) md teo cfshs mb teo lm`pmshthmd mb teo nfs-lmdkod-

sfto systo`. ^e odovor pmsshcjo, te o prokhlthmds semujk

co `fko whte fltufj jfcmrftmry kftf colfuso teo cottor

fllurfly mctfhdok ft teo rosorvmhr lmdkhthmds hs gusthbhok

cy teo jfrno nfs fdk jhquhk rosorvos hdvmjvok hd rosorvmhr

lfjlujfthmds.

Yrokhlthmds ^hte Jfcmrftmry-Korhvok Kftf

fdk Eykrmlfrcmd Fdfjyshs

^hte teo fssu`pthmd teft teo jhquhk lmdkodsfto hd teo rosor-

vmhr kurhdn f prossuro-kopjothmd mporfthmd stfys hd pjflo

(kmos dmt cuhjk up subbhlhodtjy tm prmvhko jhquhk-pefso por-

`ofchjhty bmr bjmw), rosorv mhr coefvhmr lfd co prokhltok

brm` teo jfcmrftmry lmdstfdt-lm`pmshthmd kopjothmd stuky

khslussok provhmusjy. Yorthdodt hdbmr`fthmd hs semwd hd

[fcjos <8.< termune <8.2 fdk Bhns. <8.; fdk <8.?.

Jhquhk-pefso lefdno hd teo rosorvmhr hs semwd hd Bhn.

<8.? korhvok brm` [fcjo <8.?. Dmto teft teo f`mudt mb

jhquhk ro`fhdhdn hd teo rosorvmhr pfssos termune f `fxh-

`u` cut kmos dmt roturd tm zorm, hdkhlfthdn teft prossuro-kopjothmd mporfthmds jofvo sm`o jhquhk eykrmlfrc mds co-

ehdk ft fcfdkmd`odt prossuro. Olmdm`hl fdfjysos mb

prossuro-kopjothmd mporfthmds fro dolossfry b mr osth`fthdn

teo `fndhtuko mb tehs jmss fdk hts obbolt md kovojmp`odt

fdk mporfthdn pmjhly bmr teo rosorvmhr.

[eo ujth`fto rolm vorhos cy prossuro kopjothmd mb wot

nfs. lmdkodsfto, fdk pjfdt prmku lts lfd co lfjlujftok bmr

teo rosorvmhr koslrhcok hd [fcjo < 8.5 cy uso mb teo kftf

nhvod hd [fcjo <8.2.

Nfs hd pjflo ut mrhnhdfj prossuro7

(?99x 692)(6.?;?)(6>5. j)0 6<>,?53 @@slb.

Nfs hd pjflo ft kowpmhdt prossuro7

(?99x692)(6.;>6)(6>5.6)06<9,883 @@slb.

^ot nfs prmkulok tm kowpmhd t pr ossuro7

6<>,?53- 6<9,88302,?89 @@ slb.

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7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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Lmdkodsfto prmkulok tm kowpmhdt prossuro7

Mrhnhdfj rosorvmhr prossuro, pshn

Kowpmhdt prossuro, pshn

Fssu`ok fcfdkmd`odt prossuro, pshn

Fvorfno rosorvmhr to`porfturo, MB

Eykrmlfrcmd pmro spflo (cy vmju`ojr hls), lu bt

Nfs oxpfdshmd bfltmr (5,) mb prmkulok b juhk

ft mrhnhdfj prossuro, @slbjccj

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ft kowpmhdt, @slb/ccj

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prossuro tm fcfdkmd`odt7

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~ x 6990>>.8%16<9,883

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x 699035.2%.656.>;x 6<9,883

[eo tmtfj pjfdt prmkults lfd co lfjlujftok hd f sh`hjfr ` fd-

dor, kopodkhdn md teo bjmw strof`s tm co prmlossok fdk

teo rolmvory obbhlhodlhos fdthlhpftok.

Yrokhlthmd s ^hte Rfpm r/Jhquhk Oquhjhcrhu`

Lfjlujfthmd fdk Lmrrojfthmds

Hd teo fcsodlo mb khrolt jfcmrftmry kftf md f spolhbhl nfs-

lmdkodsfto systo`, prossuro-kopjothmd coefvhmr lfd co os-

th`ftok whte vfpmr/jhquhk oquhjhcrhu` rfthms (h.o., oquh-

jhcrhu` lmdstfdts, oquhjhcrhu` bfltmrs mr A vfjuos) tm

lm`puto teo pefso coefvhmr weod teo lm`pmshthmd mb teo

tmtfj nfs-lmdkod sfto systo` hs admwd. L mrrojfthmds bmr

osth`fthdn pefso vmju` os `ust fjsm co fvfhjfcjo.

^eod `ujthlm`pmdodt eykrmlfrc md nfsos fdk jhquhks

oxhst tmnoteor udkor prossuro, pfrt mb teo jhnetor eykrmlfr-

cmds (jhnet odks) fro khssmjvok hd teo jhquhk pefs o, fdk

pfrt mb teo eofvhor eyk rmlfrcmds (eofvy odks) fro vfpm-

rhzok hd teo nfs pefso. F lmdvodhodt lmdlopt tm koslrhco

teo coefvhmr mb spolhbhl lm`pmdodts qufdthtfthvojy hs teo

oquhjhcrhu` rfthm. [eo rfthms vfry lmdshkorfcjy whte teo

prossuro , to `porf turo, fdk lm`pmshthmd mb teo systo` hd-

vmjvok

[eo oquhjhcrhu` rfthm hs kobhdok fs teo `mjo brflthmd

mb f nhvod lmdsthtuodt hd teo vfpmr pefso khvhkok cy teo

`mjo brflthmd mb teo sf`o lmdsthtuodt hd teo jhquhk pefso,

teo twm pefso s oxhsthdn hd oquhjhcrhu` whte ofle mteor.

[eo oquhjhcrhu` rfthm hs koshndftok fs A. [eo cfshs bmr

tehs kobhdhthmd hs khslussok hd Lef p. 3 < fdk cy \tfdkhdn. 8Bhn. 3<.36 hjjustrftos te o coefvhmr mb oquhjhcrhu` rfthms

bmr f pfrthlujfr systo` fdk semw s teo rfteor whko vfrhfthmd

pmsshcjo bm r f nhvod lmdsthtuodt ft khbborodt p rossuros. [eo

bhnuro se mws f todkodly mb teo oquhjhcrhu` rfthms tm lmd-

vorno hsmteor`fjjy tm f vfjuo mb A0 6 ft f spolhbhl pros-

suro. [eo prossuro hs rmporjy lfjjok teo ‚fppfrodt

lmdvornodlo prossuro. ‐ n [eo sojolthmd mb oquhjhcrhu`-

rfthm vfjuos bmr lfjlujfthmds usufjjy hs cfsok md teo sys-

to`‘s fppfrodt lmdvornodlo prossuro, wehle lfd lefdnohd f prossuro-kopjothmd prmlo ss colfuso mb lefdnhdn sys-

to` lm`pmshthmd whte prossuro koljhdo.

Jfrno hdfllurflhos lfd mllur hd prossuro-kopjothmd lfj-

lujfthmds whte oquhjhcrhu` rfthms weod teo eofvhor

eykrmlfrcmds (o.n., eoptfdos fdk eofvhor) fro dmt fko-

quftojy koslrhcok . [m mctfhd sfthsbfltmry rosujts hd lfj-

lujfthdn prossuro-kopjothmd coefvhmr mb f nfs-lmdkod sfto

systo`, fd oxtodko k fdfjyshs mb teo L[+ brflthmd semujk

co `fko. F kotor`hdfthmd mb teo teo `mjfr khstrhcuthmd

mb L[+ termune ft jofst L z0, s rolm``odkok. Fs lfd co

mcsorvok hd [fcjo <8.;, teo L[+ lm`pmdodt mb teo suc-

golt nfs-lmdkodsfto bjuhk oxehchtok f lefdno hd `mjolu-

jfr wohnet brm` 6?5 ft f prossuro mb 2,969 pshn tm 698

ft f prossuro mb >99 pshn. [eo lefdno hd kodshty mb teoL > + lm`pmdodt wfs brm` 9.53> tm 9.>>5 mvor teo sf`o

prossuro rfdno. [fcjo <8.; fjsm semws teft ft >99 pshn,

teo `mjolujfr wohnet m b teo L[+ hd teo jhquhk pefso hs

6>;, lm`pfrok tm 6 98 hd teo nfs pefso, fdk teo kodshty

hs 9.5<> hd teo jhquhk pefso, lm`pfrok tm 9.>>5 hd teo nfs

pefso. [ehs lefdno hd lm`pmshthmd mb teo L>+ brflthmd

whte prossuro rokulthmd jofks tm jfrno orrmrs hd teo vfpmr /

jhquhk spjht mb teo L[+ brflthmd weod oquhjhcrhu` rfthms

fro usok fdk hd teo rosujtfdt `m jolujfr wohne t fdk kodshty

mb teo lfjlujftok nfs fdk jhquhk v mju`os.

\emujk sule fd oxtodkok fdfjyshs mb teo L[+ lm`pm-

dodt dmt co fvfhjfcjo, teod f stfthsthlfj spjht semujk co `fko

teft `fhdtfhds teo hdtonrhty mb teo fvorfno `mjolujfr

wohnet fdk kodshty mb teo L[+ lm`pmdodt. Mdlo teo L[+

lm`pmdod t efs cood khvhkok hdtm `ujthpjo psou kmlm` pm-

dodts, teo peyshlfj pr mporthos roquhrok tm `fao rosorvmhr

bjfse lfjlujfthmds `ust co kovojmpok.

^chtsmd<9 prosodts f `otemk bmr kotor hdhdn teo `mjfr

khstrhcuthmd mb shdnjo-lfrcmd-du`cor (\LD ) nrmup s teft

fro kobhdok cy teohr cmhjhdn pmhdts fs f budlthmd mb ofle

nrmup ‘s `mjolujfr wohne t. [m `fao teo khstrhcuthmd, f

teroo-pf rf`otor nf`` f prmcfchjhty budlthmd hs usok.

^ehtsmd fjsm prosodts oqufthmds bmr lfjlujfthdn teo ro-

quhrok peyshlfj prmporthos whte teo ^ftsmd<‘ lefrfltorh-

zfthmd bfltmr. [ehs `otemk lfd co ofshjy prmnrf`` ok bmr

f porsmdfj lm`putor fdk por`hts rfphk kovojmp`odt mb

`mjfr khstrhcuthmd fdk peyshlfj prm porthos. F stfthsthlfjoxpfdshmd mb teo L>+ lm`pmdodt mb teo nfs-lmdkodsfto

bjuhk prosodtok hd [fcjo <8.3 efs cood `fk o whte teo tooe-

dhquo ^ehtsmd koslrhcok. [eo rosujts mb tehs oxpfdshmd

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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<8-63

fro prosodtok hd [fcjo < 8.8. [e o fchjhty tm lfjlujfto fl-

lurftojy teo prossuro-kopjothmd porbmr`fdlo mb f nfs-

lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr kopodks md prmpor lefrfltorhzfthmd

mb teo vfpmr/jhquhk oquhjhcrhu` rfthms (A vfjuos) mb teo

eykrmlfrcmd systo`.

Oquhjhcrhu` rfthms bmr dmdeykrmlfrcmd lm`pmd odts fdk

eykrmlfrcmds L, termu e L 69 lfd co bmudk hd teo Od-

nhdoorhdn Kftf Cmma.6? Embb`fd ot fj. <3 fdk Lmma ot

fj. << efvo prosodtok `otemks bmr kovojmphdn A vfjuos bmr

teo psoukmlm`pmdodts. Embb`fd ot fj. ―s prmlokuro lfd

co prmnrf``ok ofshjy bmr f porsmdfj lm`putor bmr rfphk

kovojmp`od t m b oquhjhcrhu` rfthms. Fd fjtordfthvo ` otemk

hs tm pjmt teo `otefdo fdk dmr`fj podtfdo A vfjuos fs

f budlthmd mb teohr cmhjhdn pmhdts md f so`hjmn nrfpe bmr

ofle kopjothmd prossuro tm co lfjlujftok. Fd oqufthmd lfd

co kotor`hdok bmr f strfhnet jhdo lmddolthdn teoso twm

pmhdts. [eo A vfjuo bmr ofle mb teo mteor lm`pmdodts fdk

psoukmlm`pmdodts lfd teod co lfjlujftok bmr ofle pros-

suro pmhdt whte teohr hdkhvhkufj cmhjhdn pmhdts. [ehs `otemk

mb mctfhdhdn A vfjuos wf s usok hd teo ofrjhor oxf`p jo lfj-

lujfthmd. [eoro fro sm`o jh`htfthmds md teo fllurfly mb

teo kftf korhvok cy teoso `otemks udjoss sm`o `ofsurok

kftf md sh`hjfr eykrmlfrc md systo`s fro fvfhjfcjo. Emw -

ovor, teo kftf semujk co usfcjo bmr teo quhla, rmune fp-

prmxh`fthmds mbtod dookok hd teo projh`hdfry rosorvmhr

ovfjufthmd stfno. [eo L t termune Ll lm`pmshthmd mb teo

nfs-lmdko dsfto bjuhk prosodtok hd [fcjo <8.3 wfs usok tm

kovojmp f A-vfjuo rojfthmdsehp bmr teo oxtodkok L>+

lm`pm shthmds. [eo rosujtfdt rojfthmdsehp hs prosodtok hd

Bhn. <8.2.

Lefp. 3< koslrhcos teo nodorfj toledhquos mb teo uso

mb vfpmr/jhquhk oquhjhcrhu` rfthms tm lm`pu to teo pefso

lm`pmshthmds fdk `fndhtukos mb eykrmlfr cmd nfs/jhquhk

`hxturos. \tfdkhdn‘ fjsm efs fd oxlojjodt prosodtfthmd mbtehs usfno, hdljukhdn f khslusshmd mb teo sorhmus or rmrs

teft lfd rosujt hd lfjlujfthdn teo pefso coefvhmr mb nfs-

lmdkodsfto systo`s. ^eod teoso `otemks fro usok tm os-

th`fto teo prossuro-kopjothmd coefvhmr mb f nfs-lmdkod sfto

rosorvmhr, teo bmjjmwhdn prmlo kuro hs usok.

6. Fssu`o te ft teo mrhnhdfj (admw d) lm`p mshthmd bjfseos

brm` mrhnhdfj p rossuro (fdk vmju`o) tm f jmwor prossu ro,

ft wehle teo lm`pmshthmds fdk f`mudts (hd `mjos) m b teo

jhquhk fdk nfs pefsos fro lm`putok whte teo cost A vfjuos

fvfhjfcjo.

3. Osth`fto teo vmju`o m b ofle pefso w hte teo `otemks

khslussok cojmw.

<. Fssu`o teft odmune vfpmr-pefso vmju`o hs ro`mvok

(prmkulok) ft lmdstfdt prossuro tm lfuso teo ro`fhdhdnnfs pjus fjj teo jhquhk tm lmdbmr` tm teo rosorvmhr‘s mrhnhdfj

lmdstfdt vmju`o.

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Bhn. <8.2-A-vfjuo lmrrojfthmd bmr Lmdkodsfto > kopjothmd.

;. \uctrflt teo du`cor mb `mjos mb ofle lm`pmdodt hd

teo vfpmr roprosodtok cy tehs nfs ro`mvfj brm` teo mrhnh-

dfj systo` lm`pmshthmd.

?. ^ hte teo dow tmtfj lm`pmshthmd brm` \ top ;, lmdshkor

teo systo` bjfseok tm teo doxt jmwor prossuro stop fdk

ropoft teo prmlokuro. So`mvfj mb vfpmr pefso fjmdo hs

roquhrok cy teo fssu`pthmd teft bjuhk bjmwhdn hdtm teo wojjs

whjj dmt co fllm`p fdhok cy fdy jhquhk pef so ft fdy stop

mb teo prmloss.

Fs hdkhlftok provhmusjy, teo lfjlujfthmds roquhro admw j-

okno mb teo vmju`o mlluphok cy ofle pefso ft ofle pros-

suro stop. @otemks tm osth`fto teoso vmju`os  fro koslrhcok

hd Lefp s. 39 fdk 33 fdk fjsm cy \tfdkhdn. 8 [m osth`fto

pefso vmju`os, s`mmteok vfjuos semujk co usok brm`lurvos krfwd termune teo pmhdts lm`putok brm` prmporthos

mb teo pefso ft ofle admwd lm`pmshthmd.

[FCJO <8.8-\[F[H\[HLFJ OUYFD\HMD MB L,, LM@YMDOD[, LMDKOD\F[O >

L >+ @mjo brflthmd 9.9888

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7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\ <8-6<

[eoso lfjlujfthmds fro hdtodkok tm fpprm xh`fto teo

oxporh`odtfj prmlokuro usok hd teo YR[ lojj kurhdn f

jfcmrftmry p rossuro-kopjothmd stuky. [eo du`cor mb pros-

suro stops usok hd `fahdn sule lfjlujfthmds hs frchtrfry

cut prmcfcjy semujk l mdbmr` tm fcmut \MM -psh hdtorvfjs,

whte pmhdts usufjjy ljmsor tmnote or ft teo stfrt fdk ft teo

odk mb teo lfjlujfthmds. [eo lfjlujftok kopjothmd porbmr` -

fdlo mb Lmdkod sfto > hs prosodtok hd [fcjo <8.6 9. [eo

kowpmhdt prossuro mb ?,3>> pshn wfs lfjlujftok whte fd

o`phrhlfj rojfthmdsehp Do` ote fdk Aoddoky g; prosodt-

ok. [eo cost `otemk tm kotor`hdo teo kowpmhdt prossuro

hs cy khrolt `ofsuro `odt, fs hd teo jfcmrftmry YR[ fdfj-

yshs. Hb teoso kftf fro dmt fvfhjfcjo, teod mdo `ust rosmrt

tm osth`fthmd cy o`phrhlfj `otem ks. sule fs teft usok hd

tehs oxf`p jo, mr cy nfs/jhquhk prmkulthmd porbmr` fdlo.

Hd teo jfttor lemhlo, mdo `ust kop joto te o rosorvmhr tm f

prossuro cojmw teo kowpmhdt. Hd [fcjo <8.69 f lm`pfrh-

smd mb wot nfs fdk lmdkodsfto rolmvorhos hs `fko cotwood

teo jfcmrftmry-`ofsurok fdk lfjlujftok kopjothmd porbmr`-

fdlo. Fs lfd co sood brm` teo lm`pfrhsmd, jfrno orrmrsfro pmsshcjo hd teo lfjlujftok kftf rosujthdn brm` osth`f-

thmd mb teo kowpmhdt prossuro fdk teo peyshlfj prmporthos

mb teo rosorvmhr bjuhk.

Eykrmlfrcmd/Jhquhk Lmdkodsfthmd1 Obbolt md

Nfs-Lmdkodsfto Coefvhmr

Bmr sm`o nfs-lmdkod sfto systo`s, jfrno f`mudts mb jhq-

uhk lfd co lmdkodsok kurhdn p rossuro kopjothmd, rosujthdn

hd ehne jhquhk sfturfthmds hd teo bmr`fthmd pmros. ^eod

tehs prmcfchjhty hs hdkhlftok cy ohteor jfcmrftmry tosts mr

lfjlujfthmds, teo pmsshchjhty mb eykrmlfrcmd /jhquhk bjmw

termune fdk mut mb teo rosorvmhr `ust co oxf`hdok. Sojf-

thvo por`ofchjhty hdbmr`fthmd (usufjjy lurvos semwhdn

a,/a, vs. jhquhk sfturfthmd hd teo bmr`fthmd) semujk co

lm`chdok whte vhslmshty kftf (pM/pS) tm osth`fto teo

vmju`otrhl prmpmrthmd mb jhquhk hd teo bjmwhdn stro f` (teus

ro`mvok brm` teo rosorvmhr), teorocy fbbolthdn teo ro`fhd-

hdn rosorvmhr pefso lm`p mshthmds ft ofle mb teo kopjothmd

stops. [eo cost a,npu,/a,p., kftf tm uso fro temso kotor-

`hdok hd teo jfcmrftmry whte fltufj sf`pjos mb teo rosor-

vmhr rmla fdk eykrmlfrc md systo` hd quosthmd. Hd teo

fcsodlo mb sule hdbmr`fthmd, a,/a, lfd co osth`ftok cy

teo `otemks oxpjfhdok hd Lefp. 351 vhslmshty fpprmxh`f-

thmds `fy co `fko cy teo `otemks koslrhcok cy Lfrr ot

fj. 3< Fbtor teo f`mudt mb nfs fdk jhquhk ro`mvok ft ofle

stop efs cood osth`ftok, teo lfjlujfthmd prmlo kuros lfd

co fkgustok tm mctfhd teo koshrok coefvhmr prokhlthmds.

Yrossuro Krfwk mwd ft ^ojjs1 Obbolt md ^ojj

Yrmkulthvhty fdk Solmvory

[eo provhmus khslusshmd efs tfaod jhquhk lmdkodsfthmd hd

teo bmr`fthmd hdtm fllmudt fs temune ht mllurr ok udhbmr`jy

termun emut teo rosorvmhr (udhbmr` prossuro ft fdy hdstfdt

mb th`o). Hd jmw-por`ofc hjhty bmr`fthmds, emw ovor, teoro

lfd co fpprolhfcjo prossuro krfwkmwd ft teo prmkulhdn

wojjs colfuso teo prossuros dofr teo wojjcmros fro `ule

jmwor tefd hd teo `fhd pfrt mb teo rosorvmhr. [ehs todks

tm hdlrofso teo ofrjy lmdkodsfthmd mb jhquhks frmudk te o

wojjs lmdshkorfcjy, teus kolrofshdn teo nfs por`ofchjhty

fdk fbbolthdn teo pefso coefvhmr mb teo systo` dofr teo

wojjs. [ehs hs h`pmrtfdt brm` ft jofst twm stfdkpmhdts7(6) lm`pmshthmd ehstmry mb bjuhks prmkulok brm` teo rosor-

vmhr `fy khvorno brm` teft prokhltok cy fssu`hdn udh-

bmr` pro ssuro hd teo rosorvmhr ft fdy hdstfdt mb th`o fdk

(3) fkvorso obbolts md teo fchjhty mb teo wojjs tm prmkulo

`fy mllur, pmtodthfjjy fbbolthdn teo mpth`u` wojj spflhdn

fdk teo rfto mb nfs-lmdkodsfto rolmvory brm` teo zmdo

fs prossuro s koljhdo.

[eo obbolts mb wojj-prossuro krfwkmwd md teo lm`pm-

shthmd ehstmry (fdk ujth`fto jhquhk rolmvorhos) mb nfs-

lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr prmkulthmd efvo efk jhttjo khslusshmd

hd teo jhtorfturo. [eo nodorfj oxp oltfthmd wmujk co teft

hd jmwor-p rossuro frofs frmudk teo wojjs, jhquhk eykrmlfr-

cmds fro prolhphtftok ofrjhor fdk hd nroftor f`mudts tefd

hd teo `fhd vmju`o mb teo rosorvmhr. [eo `fhd bfltmrs hd-

vmjvok hd tehs peodm`odmd fro teo rhledoss mb teo nfs

lmdkodsfto, teo rotrmnrfko lefrfltorhsthls mb teo rosorvmhr

bjuhk, fdk teo por`ofchjhty mb teo rosorvmhr rmla. D mr`fj-

jy, teo frof frmudk teo wojjcmro teft hs fbboltok whjj co

s`fjj fdk teo lmdkhthmd whjj stfchjhzo. Dmr` fj mporfthdn

prflthlos tm rostrhlt teo prossuro krfwkmwd tm rofsmdfcjo

vfjuos whjj fjjovhfto te o prmcjo`. Hd temso rosorvmhrs teft

oxehcht oxtro`ojy jmw por`ofchjhty fdk lmdtfhd bjuhks ox-

ehchthdn lmdk odsfcjo jhquhks mb `mro tefd 399 ccj/@ @slb,teo prmcjo` lfd co sovoro. ^ eod sopfrftmr sf`pjos fro

tfaod bmr teo jfcmrftmry, teo fdfjyshs prmlok uro khslussok

provhmusjy semujk co bmjjmwok tm `hdh`hzo teo krfwkmwd

obbolt md teo nfs fdk jhquhk lm`pmshthmds.

[eo obbolts md wojj prmkulthvhty mb prolhphtftok jhquhk

hd teo vhlhdhty mb teo wojjcmro teomrothlfjjy lfd co fp-

prolhfcjo. Dmr`fjjy, osth`ftos mb buturo wojj prmkulthvhty

hndmro teo krfwkmwd obbolts mb prmkulthmd md jhquhk-

pefso khstrhcuthmd hd teo rosorvmhr. [eo nrofto r jhquhk fl-

lu`ujfthmds fdk jmwor nfs por`ofchjhthos dofr teo wojjs

teus fro hndmrok hd teomrothlfj prokhlthmds mb wojj prmkul-

thvhty (mr oxtrfpmjfthmds brm` ofrjy tosts)1 teoso prokhl-

thmds teod todk tm semw `hdh`u` koljhdo r ftos. [eo

mporfthdn odnhdoor semujk co fjort tm tehs pmsshchjhtyweodovor lfjlujftok wojj mr rosorvmhr rftos fpprmfle ud-

koshrfcjy ljmso tm teo `hdh`u` dolossfry bmr teo mporfthdn

mcgolthvos mb teo prmgolt. ^ojj prmkulthvhty hs khslussok

jftor.

Sojfthvo @ orhts mb @ofsurok vs. Lfjlujftok

Yrossuro-Kopjothmd Coefvhmr

[ehs lefptor efs o`pefshzok teft bmr purpmsos mb rosorvmhr

fdfjyshs fdk prokhlthmd, `ofsuro k prmpo rthos fdk mcsorvok

coefvhmr m b nfs-lmdkodsfto systo`s fro `ule suporhmr tm

teo uso mb lmrrojfthmds mr fpprmxh` fthmds. [ehs fppjhos

hd pfrthlujfr tm teo uso mb oquhjhcrhu` rfthms b mr sh`ujft-

hdn mr prokhlthdn teo prossuro-kopjothmd coefvhmr m b frosorvmhr.  [eo prmcjo` hs khslussok fdk hjjustrftok cy

\tfdkhdn 8 hd ehs Rfp mr Jhqu hk Oq uhjhcrhf fdk Nfs-

Lmdkod sfto \ ysto`s lefpto rs. Hd pfrthlujfr, \tfdkhdn‘s

Bhn. <2 semws teft sorhmus orrmrs (hd oxloss mb ;9%) lfd

co hdlurrok hd teo lm`putfthmd mb teo jhquhk vmju`o mb

f nfs-lmdkodsfto systo` brm` orrmrs mb joss tefd 69% hd

teo oquhjhcrhu` rfthms bmr eoptfdos-pjus fdk `otefdo.

[eo jhtorfturo lmdtfhds ropmrts md teo uso mb oquhjhcrh-

u` rfthms bmr lfjlujfthdn teo rosorvmhr   coefvhmr mb nfs-

lmdkodsfto systo`s. Fjjod fdk Smo<‐ lm`putok teo

prossuro-kopjothmd coefvhmr mb f nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhr

fdk mcsorvok lortfhd khslropfdlhos whte teo fltufj co-

efvhmr. [eoso futemrs khk dmt ropmrt jfcmrftmry-`ofsurok

oquhjhcrhu` rfthms bmr teo spolhbhl bjuhks hdvmjvok, emw -ovor1 lmdsoquodtjy, teoro woro dm `ofds tm lm`pfro lm`-

putok bjuhk coefvhmr whte fltufj bjuhk coefvhmr. Fjj teo

mcsorvok khslrop fdlhos wor o fsshndok frchtrfrhjy cy Fjjod

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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<8-6; YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

[FCJO <8.69-LFJL_JF[OK LM@YM\H[HMD MB YSMK_LOK \[SOF@, `mj

Sosorvmhr prossuro (pshn)

Lfrcmd khmxhko

Dhtrmnod

@otefdoOtefdo

Yrmpfdo

Hsm-cutfdo

d-cutfdo

Hsm-podtfdo

d-podtfdo

Eoxfdos

Brflthmd L,

Brflthmd L,

Brflthmd L,

Brflthmd L ,9

Brflthmd L , , +

Eoptfdos-pjus

`mj

`mjolujfr wohnetkodshty

Kovhfthmd bfltmr, z

oquhjhcrhu` nfs

twm-pefso

Nfs BRB, @slb/slb

Sotrmnrfko jhquhk vmju`o,

eykrmlfrcmd pmro spflo

^ojj strof`, @slb

Dmr`fj to`porfturo

sopfrfthmd‘ *\tmla-tfda jhquhk, ccj

Yrh`fry sopfrftmr nfs, @slb

\olmdk-stfno nfs, @slb

\tmla-tfda nfs, @slb

[mtfj sopfrftmr nfs, @slb

?,3>> ?,999

9.96 9.96

Lj.66 9.66

25.8< >9.>;

5.2< 5.2>

?.<; ?.35

6.6? 6.63

3.<< 3.32

9.8< 9.58

9.5? 9.56

6.>< 6.23

6.25? 6.??

6.?<? 6.<5

6.3<? 6.98

9.8;6 9.56

;.?8; <.22

699.999 699.99

8.889 5.;8

6?2 6??

9.53? 9.533

6.936 9.85> 9.896 9.526 9.52< 9.588 9.8<9

6.936 6.998 9.833 9.5;? 9.>53 9.28? 9.?8?

9.3?26 9.3?66 9.3396 9.6><9 9.6366 9.9225 9.9<59

9.999 6?.< 32.82 3>.58 32.;< 3<.5? 36.8?

;,999

9.96

9.6<

>;.>>

f.>>

?.6<

6.92

3.69

9.>8

9.>6

6.<?

6.36

6 Mj

9.><

9.;8

6.>;

699.99

?.65

6;2

9.563

<.999

9.96 9.96

9.6< 9.6<

>>.98 >5.9?

5.55 8.9;

?.9? ?.69

6 Mj 6.96

6.88 6.82

9.>< 9.28

9.2; 9.26

6.6? 6.9<

9.8> 9.53

9.>? 9.?8

9.;8 9.<?

9.<9 9.68

9.56 9.;3

699.99 699.99

<.<3 3.<>

6<> 638

9.593 9.>8<

3,699 6,399

9.96 9.96 [rflo

9.63 9.63 9.96

>>.?? >?.?< 63.38

8.<> 8.>2 ;.33

?.;6 ?.8? ?.93

6.95 6.33 6.23

3.98 3.;6 <.59

9.>< 9.52 3.6;

9.2; 9.>? 3.62

6.9; 6.3< ?.8>

9.>5 9.89 >.<<

9.?3 9.?8 >.83

9.35 9.<6 >.<;

9.6; 9.6? 2.6;

9.3; 9.36 <;.9;

699.99 699.99 699.99

6.82 3.62 23.>>

63; 636 622

9.>5; 9.>59 9.5<3

>99

Lu`ujfthvo rolmvory por @@\lb mb mrhnhdfj bjurk

Hdhthfj

hd pjflo

6 mmm

?.3>> ?,999

9.99 ;9.><

Sosorvmhr prossuro (pshn)

;,999 <,999 3,699

629.9< <66.<; ;>5.<<

6,399 >99

223.86 >25.9<

65<.6< 9.99 2.86 36.85 <;.99 ;3.85 ?9.>6 ??.9?

>>2.85 9.99 <3.;2 6<5.82 359.32 ;<>.29 269.9< >9>.?>

<>.96 9.99 6.;3 ;.>2 >.>; 69.36 63.?5 6;.95

<5.<6 9.99 6.?9 ?.32 5.83 63.68 6?.29 6>.8<

5?3.<9 9.99 <?.<5 6;5.85 382.83 ;29.99 2<5.36 ><8.?5

Lm`pfrhsmd mb Solmvory Lfjlujfthmds

Jfcmrftmry

Kopjothmd

Nfs hd pjflo ft mrhnhdfj prossuro, @@slb 6<>,?53

Nfs hd pjflo ft kowpmhdt prossuro, @@slb 6<9,883

^ot nfs prmkulok tm kowpmrdt prossuro, @@slb 2,?89

^ot nfs prmkulok brm` kowpmhdt tm fcfdkmd`odt, @@slb 693,9;?

[mtfj wot nfs prmkulok, @@slb 695,2<?

Lmdkodsfto prmkulok tm kowpmhdt prossuro, ccj 6,68>,22>

Lmdkodsfto prmkulok brm` kowpmhdt tm fcfdkmd`odt, ccj ?,38>,6?2

[mtfj lmdkodsfto prmkulok, ccj 2,;8;,53<

Lfjlujftok

Kopjothmd

6<>,?53

635,9?9

8,?<3

85,<;2

69>,5>5

6,>;?,?8?

?,;6<,8;>

>,6?8,?;3

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/39-gas-condensate-reservoir 15/28

NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\ <8-6?

fdk Smo tm bfltmrs m teor tefd teo pmsshcjo hdfllurflhos

mb oquhjhcrhu` rfthms brm` lmrrojfthmds lm`p frok w hte fl-

tufj `ofsurok rfthms bmr teo pfrthlujfr systo` lm`pmshthmd

fdk rosorvmhr lmdkhthmds hdvmjvok. \m`o mb teoso khs-

lropfdlhos woro prmcfcjy fttrhcutfcjo tm teo oquhjhcrhu`

rfthms usok.Corry`fdg2 lm`p frok lfjlujftok nfs-lmdkodsfto bjuhk

porbmr` fdlo whte teft fltufjjy mctfhdok hd teo jfcmrftmry1

emw ovor, eo `fko mcsorvfthmds md fltufj vfpmr/jhquhk

oqurjhcrhu` hd teo jfcmrftmry lojj fdk fkgustok teo jhtorf-

turo oquhjhcrhu` rfthms tm lmdbmr` tm tehs fltufj coefvhmr.

^hte teo fkgustok vfpmr/jhquhk oquhjhcrhu` rfthms, teo lfj-

lujftok porbmr`fdlo wfs bmudk tm `ftle fltufj rosorvmhr

porbmr` fdlo kurhdn ofrjy jhbo sfthsbfltmrhjy.

Smk nors ob uj. g> prmvhkok kotfhjok jfcmrftmry kftf,

vfpmr/jhquhk oquhjhcrhu` lfjlujfthmds, fdk fltufj rosorvmhr

porbmr` fdlo bmr f s`fjj nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr hd _tfe.

[eo prossuro rfdno hdvmjvok wfs `mkorfto lm` pfrok w hte

`mst lfsos. Ovod ft teoso `mkorfto prossuros, emwovor,

teo jhtorfturo-korhvok oquhjhcrhu` rfthms bmr eoptfdos-pjuskhk dmt fnroo bfvmrfcjy whte `ofsurok vfjuos bmr teo sys-

to`. [eo futemrs lm``odtok teft teo ‚fppofrfdlo mb teo

kftf. ljofrjy semws teo dook bmr h`prmvok toledhquos

hd ostfcjhsehdn prmpo r oquhjhcrhu` kftf.‐

Md teo cfshs mb tehs oxporhodlo fdk bmr teo rofsmds

\tfdkhdn stftok, ht wmujk fppofr koshrfcjo tm uso `ofsurok

vfjuos mb pefso fdk vmju`otrhl coefvhmr bmr f nfs-lmdkod-

sfto systo` hd prokhlthdn teo prossuro-kopjothmd coefvhmr

mb f nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr. Fs `mro kftf fro mctfhdok

fdk cottor lmrrojfthdn `otem ks ko vojmpok, ht hs pmsshcjo

teft oquhjhcrhu` rfthms `fy flehovo suhtfcjo fllurfly bmr

rosorvmhr-typo lfjlujfthmds hd teo buturo. D u`ormu s

oqufthmd-mb-stfto (OM \) lfjlujfthmd toledhquos efvo cood

kovojmpok teft prmkulo pefso oquhjhcrhu` kftf teft lfd

co usok tm porbmr` kopjothmd lfjlujfthmds bmr nfs-

lmdkodsfto rosorvmhrs. @fdy fro khslussok hd Sobs. <5

termune ;9. [eo uso mb OM\ `otemks, wehjo `mro bjoxhcjo

fdk hd `fdy lfsos `mro fllurfto, roquhros smpehsthlftok

lm`putor prmnrf`s teft `fy mr `fy dmt co fvfhjfcjo mr

wfrrfdtok . L mdthduok h`p rmvo`odt hd toledhquos ushdn

OM\‘s `fy odefdlo teo fllurfly mb lfjlujftok prossuro-

kopjothmd porbmr`fdlo.

Mporfthmd cy Yrossuro @fhdtodfdlo

mr Lyljhdn

Yrossuro ` fhdtodfdlo mb f nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr lfdoxhst cy vhrtuo mb (6) fd flthvo wftor krhvo fbtor `mkorfto

rokulthmd m b prossuro brm` ofrjy prmkulthmd, (3) prossuro

`fhdtodfdlo termun e wftor hdgolthmd mporfthmd s, (<) hd-

golthmd mb nfs, mr (;) lm`chdfthmds mb fjj mb teoso. Brm`

th`o tm th`o, lortfhd rosorv mhrs `fy co odlmudtorok teft

efvo bjuhks dofr teohr lrhthlfj pmhdts fdk teft teorocy `fy

co lfdkhkftos bmr spolhfj rolmvory `otemks, sule fs teo

hdgolthmd mb spolhfjjy tfhjmrok nfs lm`pmshthmds tm prmvhko

`hslhchjhty fdk pefso-lefdno prmloss os teft lmujk h`prmvo

rolmvory obbhlhodly. [eoso usufjjy fro dmt ronfrk ok fs nfs-

lmdkodsfto lfsos.

^ftor Krhvo fdk ^ftor Hdgolthmd

Yrossuro @fhdtodfdlo

Rory bow lfsos mb nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhrs mporftok ud-

kor dfturfj wftor krhvo e fvo cood ropmrto k hd teo jhtorf-

turo. [m co fttrflthvo olmdm`hlfjjy. f wfto r krhvo wmujk

efvo tm co subbhlhodtjy strmdn tm `fhdtfhd prossuro ehne

odmune tm `hdh`hzo lmdkodsok eykrmlfrc md jmssos hd teo

bmr`fthmd. _dkor teoso lmdkhthmds, oxpodkhturos bmr ly-

ljhdn mr mteor prossuro-`fhdtodfdlo mporfthmds `hnet dmt

co gusthbhok7 f lfrobuj odnhdoorhdn fdk olmdm`hl fdfjyshssemujk co `fko hb tehs pmsshchjhty soo`s h``hdodt. [eo

fdfjyshs semujk hdljuko f nomjmnhl rovhow m b lmdkhthmds

surrmudkhdn teo rosorvmhr tm osth`fto w eoteor fdy hdkh-

lftok ofrjy wftor krhvo hs fpt tm jfst bmr teo jhbo mb teo

mporfthmd. [eoro fro fjsm mteor lmdshkorfthmds tm co

stukhok lfrobujjy. hdljukhdn teo oxpodsos mb kowftorhdn

mr wmrahdn mvor hdvfkok prmkulhdn wojjs, teo khspjflo-

`odt obbhlhodly mb wftor ` mvhdn nfs. fdk teo pmtodthfj

cypfsshdn fdk jmss mb lmdkodsfto bjuhks weod wojjs co-

lm`o wftorok-mut pro`fturojy termune por`ofcjo

strhdnors Qhdvfshmd obbhlhodly (soo Yfnos <8- 6> fdk <8- 65)

mb teo dfturfj bjmmkP. \emujk tehs jfst pmsshchjhty oxhst, uso

mb f dfturfj wftor krhvo wmujk co mb kmuctbuj vfjuo hb teo

f`mudt mb eykrmlfrc mds hd pjflo hs jfrno. Hd fdy lfso,prokhlthmds mb rolmvory cy dfturfj wf tor krhvo semujk tfao

hdtm fllmudt teo bfltmrs b mr wftor hdgolthmd khslussok

cojmw.

[eo hdgolthmd mb wftor hdtm f nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr

tm `fhdtfhd pro ssuro hs sm`oth`os lmdshkorok. F du`cor

mb bfltmrs `ust co wohne ok lfrobu jjy cobmro f kolhshmd

hs rofleo k. [eo `mchjhty rfthm (`mchjhty mb krhvhdn bjuhk

mvor `mchjhty mb teo krhvod bjuhk, w ftor/nfs) hd tehs lfso

hs bfvmrfcjy jmw colfuso mb teo vory ehne `mchjhty mb teo

nfs, teus todkhdn tm prmvhko ehne frofj swoo p fdk pfttord

(I\-w ohnetok) obbhlhodlhos. [eoro hs strmdn ovhkodlo,

emwovor. teft khspjflo`odt obbhlhodly cy teo wftor hs dmt

ehne. ^ehjo Culajoy ot fj. ;‘ hdkhlftok teft teo khspjflo-

`odt obbhlhodly mb wftor krhvhdn mut nfs lfd co fs ehnefs 59 tm 5?%, oxporh`odts fdk bhojk mcsorvfthmds cy

Nobbod ot fj. ‐ hdkhlfto te ft ht `fy co fs jmw fs ?9% .

[ehs hs mbbsot tm sm`o oxtodt cy teo h`prmvok frof6 swoop

obbhlhodly odgmyok ft f jmw `mchjhty rfthm. F jj tehdns lmd-

shkorok, teo rolmvory mb nfs lmdkodsfto hd teo vfpmr p efso

cy wfto r hdgolthmd hs jhaojy tm co fpprolhfcjy jmwor tefd

cy lyljhdn, fdk fdy lmdshkorfthmd mb wftor hdgolthmd bmr

nfs-lmdkodsfto rolmvory semujk co fllm`pf dhok cy ko-

tfhjok oxporh`odtfj wmr a md lmros brm` teo spolhbhl rosor-

vmhr hdvmjvok. [ehs whjj eojp tm kotor`hdo weo teor teo

wftor lfd, hd bflt, fllm`pjhse f ehne odmune k hspjflo-

`odt obbhlhodly tm gusthby hts uso.

\emujk wftor hdgolthmd co kolhkok md, nfs fdk jhquhk

rolmvory prokhlthmds bmr teo rosorvmhr lfd co `fko cy

lm`chdhdn teo pfttord (e&N wohne tok). hdvfshmd, fdk khs-

pjflo`odt obbhlhodlhos whte f admw jokno mb teo lmdkod-

sfcjo-jhquhks lmdtodt mb teo nfs-lmdkod sfto systo` ft teo

prossuro le msod bmr prossuro `fhdtodfdlo. Fs fd oxf`p jo,

fd frof6 swoop obbhlhodly mb 89% (cfsok md fd oxtro`ojy

jmw `mchjhty rfthm bmr wftor khspjflhdn nfs) `hnet co fp-

pjhok tm teo lfso lhtok md Yfno <8-3 ;. [fahdn hdtm fllmudt

teo tehladoss vfrhfthmds mb teo rosorvmhr, tehs `hnet prm-

vhko f pfttord (e&\-wohnetok) obbhlhodly mb fcmut 8? %

^hte fd fssu`ok hdvfshmd obbhlhodly mb 2? % whtehd te o

hdvfkok vmju`o, wfto r hdgolthmd bmr tehs lfso wmujk efv o

swopt mut fcmut ??% (prmkult mb teo fcmvo teroo obelhod-

thos) mb teo vfpmr pefso hd pjflo ft teo stfrt mb hdgolthmd.[ehs lm`pfros whte teo fltufj rolmvory mb `mro tefd 52%

mb teo wot vfpmr cy lyljhdn mporfthmds. fs khslussok md

Yfno <8-33.

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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<8-H 2 YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

[eoso osth`ftos mb pmsshcjo nfs rolmvorhos cy ohteor f

dfturfj wfto r krhvo mr wfto r hdgolthmd lfd co fbboltok

`ftorhfjjy cy teo por`ofchjhty khstrhcuthmd hd teo rosorvmhr.

[eo prosodlo mb jfrno khbborodlos hd por`ofchjhty whjj ro-

sujt hd pro`fturo wftor crofatermune. Bjmwhdn nfs wojjs

todk tm ‚jmfk up‐ weod prmkulhdn wftor fdk, kopodkhdnmd teo vorthlfj bjmw vojmlhty fdk cmttm`emjo bjmwhdn p ros-

suro, `fy lofso tm bjmw. [ehs hdfchjhty tm bjmw rosujts brm`

subbhlhodt wftor krmp phdn mut hd teo tuchdn tm bmr` f

eykrmstfthl wftor lmju`d teft oxorts f prossuro oqufj tm

teo cmttm`e mjo prossuro . Ht hs khbbhlujt tm mctfhd olmdm` -

hlfj bjmw rftos cy frthbhlhfj jhbt. [ehs jmss mb prmkulthvhty

`fy rosujt hd pro`f turo fcfdkmd`odt mb teo prmgolt. [eo

prmcjo`s wmujk co pfrthlujfrjy sorhmus bmr koopor rosor-

vmhrs weoro teo lmst mb ro`mvhdn wfto r wmujk co f shndhbh-

lfdt bfltmr. Xustor;‘ khslussos pmsshcjo ro`okhfj `otemks

bmr krmwdok nfs wojjs. Coddott fdk Fuvodsehd o@ khsluss

kowftorhd n nfs wojjs. Kuddhdn fd k Ofahd;‐ k oslrhco fd

hdoxpodshvo `otemk tm ro`mvo wftor brm` krmwdok nfs

wojjs whte bmf`hdn fnodts.Nodorfjjy, teo uso mb wftor hdgolthmd bmr `fhdtfhdhdn

prossuro hd f nfs-lmdko dsfto rosorvmhr hs udjhaojy tm co

fttrflthvo weo ro f whko rfdno mb por`ofchjhthos oxhsts hd

f jfyorok rosorvmhr fdk sojolthvo crofatermune mb wftor

hdtm prmkulhdn wojjs `hnet co oxpol tok co bmro fd fp-

prolhfcjo brflthmd mb teo nfs lmdkodsfto hd pjflo lmujk co

rolmvorok.

Sosorvmhr Lyljhdn, Nfs Hdgolthmd

Kry-Nfs Hdgolthmd. Lm`pfrfthvo olmdm`hls kotor`hdos

weoteor f nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr semujk co prmkulok

cy prossuro kopjothmd mr cy prossuro `fhdtodfdlo.

[eo mcgolthvo mb ushdn kry-nfs hdgolthmd hd nfs-

lmdkodsfto rosorvmhrs hs tm `fhdtfhd teo rosorvmhr prossuro

ehne odmune (usufjjy fcmvo mr dofr teo kowpmhdt) tm

`hdh`hzo teo f`mudt m b rotrmn rfko jhquhk lmdkodsfthmd.

Kry bhojk nfsos fro `hslhcjo w hte dofrjy fjj rosorvmhr nfs-

lmdkodsfto systo`s7 `otefdo dmr`fjjy hs teo prh`fry lmd-

sthtuodt mb kry bhojk nfs. Kry-nfs lyljhdn mb nfs-lmdkodsfto

rosorvmhrs hs f spolhfj lfso mb `hslhcjo-pefso khspjflo`odt

mb eykrmlf rcmd bjuhks bmr h`prmvhdn rolmvory . Oxporh-

`odtfthmd efs semwd teft teo khspjflo`odt mb mdo bjuhk

cy fdmteor teft hs `hslhcjo whte ht hs ehnejy obbhlhodt md

f `hlrmslmp hl slfjo1 usufjjy teo obbhlhodly hs lmdshkorok

699% mr vory dofrjy sm. [ehs hs mdo mb teo bfltmrs teft

oxpjfhd teo obbolthvodoss fdk fttrflthvodoss mb lyljhdn.

Fdmteor fkvfdtfn o mb lyljhdn hs teft ht prmvhkos f `ofds

tm mctfhd jhquhk rolmvorhos brm` rosorvmhrs ft olmdm`hlfj

rftos wehjo ft teo sf`o th`o fvmhkhdn wfsto mb teo prm-

kulok nfs weod f `fraot bmr teft nfs hs dmt fvfhjfcjo1

teo mporfthmd prmvhkos ft hts tor`hdfthmd f rosorvmhr mb kry

nfs whte f pmtodthfjjy nroftor olmdm`hl vfjuo.

Hdort-Nfs Hdgolthmd. [eo ko`fdk bmr kry nfs fs f `fraot-

fcjo lm``mkhty vfrhos, fdk teo olmdm`hl fspolts mb ro-

tfhdhdn kr y lyljok nf s hd rosorvmhrs bmr buturo uso efvo

f lefdnhdn shndhbhlfdlo. @m st lmdsorvfthmd jfws hd teo

_.\. sthjj prmvhko bmr `hdh`hzhdn wfsto mb lmdkodsfcjo

jhquhks teft wmujk rosujt hb nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhrs woro

kopjotok termune teo rotrmnrfko rfdno hd f `fddor teft

jobt jfrno jhquhk vmju`os udrolmvorfcjo.[eo uso mb hdort nfs tm ropjflo vmhkfno kurhdn lyljhdn

mb nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhrs lfd co fd olmdm`hlfj fjto`f-

thvo tm kry dfturfj nfs. Mdo mb teo bhrst sullossbuj hdort-

nfs hdgolthmd prmgolts wfs hd 68;8 ft Oja Cfshd, ^ X,;2

weoro stfla nfs brm` stof` cmhjors wfs usok bmr hdgolthmd.

Hd 68?8, teo bhrst sullossbuj uso mb hdtordfj lm`custhmd

odnhdo ox efust wfs sood hd f Jmuhshfdf mhj bhojk.;> [eo

bhrst uso mb puro lrymnodhl prmku lok dhtrmnod tm provodt

teo rotrmnr fko jmss mb jhquhks brm` f nfs-lmdkod sfto bjuhkwfs hd teo ^hjlmx ? sfdk hd teo Bmrkmleo bhojk jmlftok

hd Ymhdto Lmu poo Y frhse, JF.;5 Hd teo Bmrkm leo bhojk,

teo dhtrmnod wfs usok fs `faoup nfs. [eo dhtrmnod

f`mudtok tm fcmut <9% mb teo dfturfj-nfs/dhtrmnod `hx-

turo hdgoltok.

@msos fdk ^hjsmd‘s;8 stukhos lmdbhr`ok teft teo `hx-

hdn mb dhtrmnod whte f nfs-lmdkod sfto bjuhk ojovftok teo

kowpmhdt prossuro. @msos fdk ^hjsmd fjsm prosodtok kftf

tm semw teft teo `hxhdn mb f jofd nfs whte f rhle-nfs lmd-

kodsfto wmujk fjsm rosujt hd f bjuhk whte f ehneor k ow-

pmhdt prossuro. [eo hdlrofso hd kowpmhdt prossuro w fs

nroftor whte dhtrmnod tefd whte teo jofd nfs. Hd teo sf`o

stuky, rosujts fro prosodtok brm` sjh`-tuco khspjflo`odt

tosts mb teo sf`o nfs-lmdkodsfto bjuhk cmte cy puro dhtrm-nod fdk cy f jofd nfs. Hd cmte khspjflo`odts, `mro tefd

85% rolmvory mb rosorvmhr jhquhk wfs flehovok. [eoso tost

rosujts woro fjsm mcsorvok cy Yotorsmd, ?m wem usok nfs-

lfp nfs `ftorhfj brm` teo Yfhdtor bhojk jmlftok hd smutewost

^ym`hdn. [eo futemrs lmdljukok teft teo mcsorvok rosujts

woro mctfhdok c olfuso mb `ujthpjo-lmdtflt `hslhchjhty.

Lrymnodhl-prmkulok dhtrmnod pmssossos `fdy koshrfcjo

peyshlfj prmporthos. ?‘ [emso teft `fao dhtrmnod `mst

usobuj bmr f lyljhdn bjuhk fro teft ht hs tmtfjjy hdort (dmd-

lmrrmshvo) fdk teft ht efs f ehneor lm`prosshchjhty bfltmr

tefd jofd nfs (roquhros joss vmju`o). [eo jfttor fkvfd-

tfno hs pfrthfjjy mbbsot cy hdlrofsok lm`prosshmd roquhro-

`odts weod lm`pfrok whte jofd nfs.

_dthj teo `hk 68>9‘s, `mst hdort-nfs hdgolthmd lmdshstok

mb hdgolthmd mb lm`custhmd mr cmhjor nfs hdtm mhj zmdos.

[eo dook bmr fd fjtordfthvo smurlo mb nfs bmr nfs-lmd-

kodsfto-lyljhdn prmgolts o`ornok colfuso mb teo ehne lmst

mb eykrmlfrcmd nfs dookok tm ropjflo rosorvmhr vmhkfno.

[eo lm`custhmd fdk cmhjor n fs teft efk cood usok tm khs-

pjflo mhj `hslhcjy lmd tfhds cy prmkul ts (LM. 93, EzM ,

fdk DM, +) teft fro ehnejy lmrrmshvo?* fdk kolrofso lmst

obbolthvodoss.

Olmdm`hl pfrf`otors usok tm ovfjufto fdy prmloss fro

cy teohr dfturo roprosodtfthvo mdjy udkor teo nodorfj ol-

mdm`hl lmdkhthmds kurhdn wehle teoy fro propfrok. [eoro-

bmro, teo ro whjj co dm ftto`pt eoro tm prosodt roprosodtf-

thvo olmdm`hl kftf. Emw ovor, mdo semujk co lmndhzfdtmb fdk tfao hdtm fllmudt temso vfrhfcjos polujhfr tm f pfr-

thlujfr prmloss weod fppjyhdn lurrodt olmdm`hl pfrf`o-

tors tm lm`pfro khbborodt prmlossos.

@fdy bfltmrs fbbolt teo olmdm`hls mb f nfs-lyljhdn prmg-

olt. [eo `fgmr bfltmrs fro prmkult prhlos, `faoup nfs

lmsts, jhquhk lmdtodt mb rosorvmhr nfs, fdk konroo mb rosor-

vmhr eotormnodo hty. ^eod hdort-nfs hdgolthmd hs lmdshkorok ,

sm`o h`pmrtfdt fkkhthmdfj bfltm rs semujk fjsm co lmdshk-

orok. Kmdmemo fdk Culefdfd‐ fdk ^hjsmd‐ ‘ efvo khs-

lussok teoso bfltmrs.

[eo uso mb hdort nfs fs f lyljhdn bjuhk mbbors cmte fk-

vfdtfnos fdk khsfkvfdtfnos. [eo `fgmr fkvfdtfnos fro teft

ht por`hts ofrjy sfjo mb roshkuo nf s fdk jhquhks, rosujthdn

hd nroftor khslmudtok dot hdlm`o fdk teft f ehneor rolmv-ory mb tmtfj eykrmlfrcmds hs flehovok colfuso teo rosorvmhr

lmdtfhds jfrno vmju`os mb dhtrmnod rfteor tefd eykrm lfr-

cmd nfs ft fcfdkmd`odt.

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NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\ <8-6>

Mbbsotthdn teoso fkvfdtfnos fro sm`o khsfkvfdtfnos7

prmkulthmd prmcjo`s fdk hdlrofsok mporfthdn lmsts lfusok

cy lmrrmshmd hb lm`custhmd mr bjuo nfs hs usok fs lyljhdn

bjuhk1 pmsshcjo fkkhthmdfj lfphtfj hdvost`odts tm ro`mv o

teo hdort nfs brm` teo sfjos nfs, tm protroft cobmro lm`-

prosshmd, fdk/mr tm budk rohdgolthmd bflhjhthos1 fdk ofrjy

crofatermune mb hdort nfs lfusok cy ehne konroos mb eot-

ormnodohty hd teo rosorvmhr, rosujthdn hd oxlosshvo mpor-

fthdn lmsts tm mctfhd ` fraotfcjo sfjos nfs.

Fjj teoso bfltmrs semujk co ovfjuftok prmporjy weod teo

kopjothmd `otem k hs sojoltok.

Lfjlujfthmd mb Lyljhdn Yorbmr`fd lo. @otemks mb lfj-

lujfthdn rosorvmhr porbmr` fdlo udkor nfs-lyljhdn mporf -

thmds nodorfjjy bfjj hdtm mdo mb twm lftonmrhos7 bofshchjhty

fdk/mr sodshthvhty fdfjyshs mr kotfhjok koshnd fdk ovfjuf-

thmd. [eo lfjlujfthmd `otem k sojoltok u sufjjy hs kotor-

`hdok fbtor lmdshkorfthmd mb teo qufjhty fdk qufdthty mb

kftf fvfhjfcjo fdk teo ujth`fto uso mb teo odnhdoorhdn

stuky.^eod teo pmtodthfj mb f nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr bmr

lyljhdn hs bhrst lmdshkorok , ht hs nodorfjjy koshrfcjo tm `fao

lfjlujfthmds teft roquhro teo uso mb sm`o rofsmdfcjy sh`-

pjhbyhdn fssu`pthmds. Hd tehs `fddor, rojfthvojy r fphk fdk

hdoxpodshvo rosujts lfd co mctfhdok teft kobhdo teo fpprm x-

h`fto lyljhdn rfto, lyljhdn jhbo, ujth`fto rolm vory, fdk

prmbhtfchjhty. Hb, ft teo lmdljushmd mb teoso stukhos, ht fp-

pofrs teft nfs lyljhdn hs bofshcjo, `mro kotfhjok fdk ox-

flthdn stukhos lfd co `fko whte `fteo`fthlfj sh`ujftmrs

tm ovfjufto teo ofrjhor rosujts fdk tm koshnd teo `mst fkvfd-

tfnomu s khstrhcuthmd mb hdgolthmd fdk prmkulhdn wojjs.

Obbhlhodly fdk Obb olth vodoss mb Lyljhdn. [eo prhdlhpfj

bfltmrs kotor`hdhdn rosorvmhr lyljhdn obbhlhodly efvo cood

usok whte hdtorlefdnofcjo jfcojs fdk kobhdhthmds hd teojhtorfturo. Ht hs teorobm ro dolossfry tm kobhdo teo vfrhmus

obbhlhodlhos ljofrjy. [ eo odnhdoor semujk kobhdo fdk ox-

pjfhd tor`s lfrobujjy weod ropmrthdn osth`ftos md nfs-

lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr coefvhmr.

Sosorv mh r Lylj h dn Obbh lhodly. OS hs kobhdok fs teo

rosorvmhr w ot eykrmlfrcmds rolmvorok kurhdn lyljhdn

khvhkok cy teo rosorvmhr wot eykrmlfr cmds hd pjflo hd teo

prmkulthvo vmju`o mb teo rosorvmhr ft teo stfrt mb lyljhdn.

Cmte bhnuros `ust co lm`putok ft teo sf`o prossuro fdk

to`porftu ro1 o.n., ft rosorvmhr lmdkhthmds mr ft stfdkfrk

lmdkhthmds. [eo rosorvmhr lyljhdn obbhlhodly lfd co vhsufj-

hzok fs teo prmkult mb teroo mteor obbhlhodlhos7 pfttord

(eI \-wo hnetok), hdvfshmd, fdk khspjflo`odt. F bmurte ob-

bhlhodly bfltmr, frof6 swoop, lfd co ovfjuftok bmr vfrhmus

hdgolthmd pf ttords ushdn fdfjmn mr `fteo` fthlfj `mkojs.

Fjj obbhlhodly tor` s usok (oxlop t ‚khspjflo`odt obbhlhod-

ly‐) `ust co hkodthbhok fs tm th`o-h.o., th`o mb kry-nfs

crofate rmune hdtm bhrst prmkulhdn wojj, th`o mb crofa-

termun e hdtm jfst wojj, odk mb lyljhdn, mr mteor suhtfcjo

koshndfthmd.

Fr of6 \w oop Obbh lhodly. OF hs teo frof odljmsok cy teo

jofkhdn ok no mb teo kry-nfs brmdt (mu tor jh`ht mb hdgoltok

nfs) khvhkok cy teo tmtfj frof mb rosorvmhr teft wfs prmkul-

thvo ft teo stfrt mb lyljhdn. (Cjfla mhj, hb prosodt, hs usufjjy

oxljukok brm` teoso frofs.) Frof mb swoop lfd co osth-

`ftok ljmsojy brm` fdfjmn mr `fteo`fthlfj `mkoj stukhos

(khslussok jftor) mr cy mcsorvhdn teo jmlfthmds mb wojjs

kovojmphdn kry-nfs lmdtodt kurhdn fltufj mporfthmds. [eo

frof6 swoo p obbhlhodly kopodk s p rh`frhjy md teo hdgolthmd

fdk prmkulthmd wojj pfttords fdk rftos fdk teo jftorfj

em`mnodohty mb teo bmr`fthmds brm` f por`ofchjhty fdk

pmrmshty stfdkpmhdt. Jossor bfltmrs fbbolthdn frofj swoo p

obbhlhodly hdljuko vfrhfthmds hd wfto r lmdtodt mb teo pmros1

th`o mb mporfthmd mb teo lm`prosshmd pjfdt hd rojfthmd tm

teo hdput lfpflhthos mb teo wojjs fdk teohr jmlfthmds hd teo

rosorvmhr1 teo flthvhty, hb fdy, mb f dfturfj wfto r krhvo1

fdk teo prosodlo fdk efdkjhdn mb cjfla-mhj wojjs hb fd mhj

rhdn oxhsts hd teo rosorvmhr. @fteo `fthlfj `mkoj tole-

dhquos (L efp. ; 5) prmvhko f usobuj `ofds bmr prokhlthdn

teo frofj swoop obbhlhodlhos mb nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhrs

fdk, sh`ujtfdomusjy, teo rfto mb brmdtfj fkvfd lo m b teo hd-

goltok kry nfs. Bmr sule stukhos, f rofsmdfcjo f`mudt mb

sucsurbflo kftf hs dookok md sfdk lefrfltorhsthls, rosorvmhr

bjuhk prmpor thos, prmpor thos mb hdgoltok bjuhk, fdk nomjmnhl

koslrhpthmd.

Yft t ord elp\- oh netok) Obb hlh odly. O,, hs teo

eykrmlfrcmd pmro spflo odljmsok cy teo prmgolthmd

(termun e bujj rosorvmhr tehladoss) mb teo jofkhdn okno mb

teo kry-nfs brmdt khvhkok cy teo tmtfj prmkulthvo eykrmlfr-

cmd pmro spflo mb teo rosorvmhr ft stfrt mb lyljhdn. (Cjflamhj, hb prosodt, hs usufjjy oxl jukok brm` teoso vmju`os.)

[eo eykrmlfrc md vmju`o lmdtfhdok whtehd teo kry-nfs-

brmdt prmgolthmd lfd co kotor`hdok cy mutjhdhdn teo

bfrteost-fkvf dlok pmshthmd mb teo brmdt (brm` `mkoj stukhos

mr bhojk mcsorvfthmds) md f eykrmlfrc md hsmvmj `fp (hsmvmj

`fps fro kovojmpok brm` kftf md sfdk tehladoss, pmrmsh-

ty, fdk hdtorsththfj wftor lmdtodt), kotor`hdhdn teo

eykrmlfrc md vmju`o od ljmsok cy tehs jhdo, fdk lm`pfrhdn

teo vmju`o w hte tmtfj rosorvmhr prmkulthvo eykrmlfrcmd

pmro spflo. D mto teft teo kobhdhthmd spolhbhos ‚prmgolthmd

mb teo jofkhdn okno‐ fdk fvmhks stfthdn weoteor ohteor

teo odthro nrmss mr odthro `hlrmslmphl YR‘s fro hdvfkok

mr khspjflok cy teo hdgoltok nfs. Bmr teo spolhfj lfsos hd

wehle prmkulthvo tehla doss, pmrm shty, hdtorsththfj wftorlmdtodt, fdk obbolthvo por`ofchjhty fro ofle udhbmr`, teo

pfttord (e&\-wohnetok) fdk frofj swoop obbhlhodlhos fro

teo sf`o. [eo pfttord (&\-w ohnetok ) obbhlhodly hd nodorfj

kopodks md teo sf`o bfltmrs khslussok bmr frofj swoop

obbhlhodly. Oxpo ltok pfttord (&\-w ohnetok) obbhlhodlhos

mb dofrjy 8? % efvo cood prokhltok udkor bfvmrfcjo lmd-

khthmds. ‐

Hdv fshmd Obbhlhodly. Oj hs teo eykrmlfrcmd pmro spflo

hdvfkok (lmdtfltok mr fbboltok) cy teo hdgoltok nfs khvhkok

cy teo eykrmlfrcmd pmro spflo odljmsok cy teo prmgolthmd

(termun e bujj rosorvmhr tehladoss) mb teo jofkhdn okno mb

teo kry-nfs brmdt. (\m` oth`os vmju`otrhl swo op obbhlhod-

ly, O,, 0O, U Oj, hs usok.) [eo kobhdhthmd sfys dmtehdn

fcmut teo obbolthvodoss mb teo hdvfkhdn bjuhk hd bmrlhdnmrhnhdfj bjuhk mut mb teo pmros lmd tfltok. [eo tor` ‚vor-

thlfj swoo p obbhlhodly‐ efs sm`oth` os cood usok hd teo

sodso mb hdvfshmd obbhlhodly. [ehs hs `hsjofkhdn hd teft

ht usos f mdo-kh`odshmdfj tor` (‚vorthlfj‐) weod kofjhdn

whte f teroo-kh`odshmdfj prmcjo`. Hdvfshmd obbhlhodlhos

lfd co fs ehne fs 89% udkor bfvmrfcjo lmdkhthmds.‐

Emw ovor, hdvfshmd hs fbboltok shndhbhlfdtjy cy jfrno vfr-

hfthmds hd rosorvmhr bjmw prmporthos, [eoso ` hnet co strhltjy

jftorfj vfrhfthmds hd emrhzmdtfj por`ofchjhty (fdk tm f jossor

oxtodt hd pmrmshty fdk hdtorsththfj wftor lmd todt) m b f shdnjo-

cok rosorvmhr teft kmos dmt efvo fdy vfrhfthmds vorthlfjjy

ft fdy jmlfthmd1 strhltjy jfyorhdn obbolts cy wehle teo rosor-

vmhr `fy lm`prhso sovorfj strftf, ofle rojfthvojy udhbmr`

hd prmpo rthos cut khbborhdn fpprolhfcjy hd por`ofchjhty

brm` fjj teo mteors1 mr lm`chdfthmds mb teoso oxtro`o

lfsos. Yorbmr`fd lo mb lyljhdn mporfthmd s lfd vfry fp-

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fdk 88 fdk Soj ?;

Yfno >>)

K2pjflo`odt ‘ j& b 26Yfno 669)

swo o p o e xd ly H So t ?

pfnos 263 >>6. fdk >556

prolhfcjy fllmrkhdn tm weft lm`chdfthmd mb teo twm ox-

tro`os ` fy oxhst bmr f nhvod rosorvmhr. @fteo`fthlfj

`mkojs lfd efdkjo rosorvmhr eotorm nodohthos, cmte emrhzmd-

tfjjy fdk vorthlfjjy, hb teo kftf fro fvfhjfcjo. @fxh` u`

uso mb lmro fdfjyshs kftf, prossuro cuhjkup fdk krfwkmwd

fdfjyshs, fdk kotfhjok fdfjyshs mb kmwd emjo jmns hs ro-

quhrok tm odsuro fd fllurfto ovfjufthmd mb f rosorvmhr‘s

pmtodthfj fs f lyljhdn prmgolt.

Kh spjflo odt Obbh lhodly. OK hs teo vmju`o mb wot

eykrmlfr cmds swop t mut mb hdkhvhkufj pmros mr s`fjj

nrmups mb pmros khvhkok cy teo vmju`o mb eykrmlfrcmds

hd teo sf`o p mros f t teo stfrt mb lyljhdn1 dmto teft cmte

vmju`os `ust co lfjlujftok ft teo sf`o lmdkhthmds mb pros-

suro fdk to`porfturo. [ehs tor` hs usok eoro colfuso ht

efs rolohvok whko flloptfdl o hd teo jhtorfturo (md h``hs-

lhcjo fs wojj fs `hslhcjo prmlo ssos) bmr teo `hlrmslmp hl

khspjflo`odt mb bjuhks. Khspjflo`odt obbhlhodly hs lmd-

trmjjok `fhdjy cy teo `hslhchjhty mb teo krhvhdn fdk krhvod

bjuhks fdk teohr `mchjhthos. Bmr f lyljhdn m porfthmd hd

wehle teo prossuro hs cohdn `fhdtfhdok ft mr fcmvo teo

kowpm hdt, teo khspjflo`odt obbhlhodly rosujthdn brm` fl-

thmd mb teo kry nfs fnfhdst teo wot-nfs pefso hd teo hd-

khvhkufj pmros w hjj co vhrtufjjy 699 % colfuso mb dofr-

lm`p joto `hslhchjhty fdk teo dofr-hkodthlfj `mchjhty rfthms

mb teo twm bjuhks. Hb teo prossuro hs wojj cojmw teo kow-

pmhdt, teo khspjflo`odt obbhlhodly whjj co joss tefd 69 9%

colfuso mb teo h``mchjhty mb teo lmdkodsok jhquhk fdk hd-

lm`pjotod oss mb rovfpmrhzfthmd mb teo kry nfs. Ovfjufthmd

mb f lfso mb tehs typo roquhros trhfj lfjlujfthmds mb

vfpmr/jhquhk oquhjhcrhu` tm osth`fto teo oxtodt tm wehle

kry nfs lm`hdn hdtm lmdtflt whte teo lmdkodsok jhquhk

wmujk rovfpmrhzo sm`o mb teo lm`pmdodts fdk lfrry teo`

tmwfrk teo prmkulhdn wojjs.

[eus teo rosorvmhr lyljhdn obbhlhodly hs teo prmku lt mb

teo pfttord (&\-w ohnetok) , hdvfshmd, fdk khspjflo`odt

obbhlhodlhos, fs su``fr hzok hd [fcjo <8.66 , fjmdn whte

teo provhmus khslusshmd, fdk usfno mb tor`s fppofrhdn hd

sm`o mb teo jhtorfturo.

Yor`ofchj h ty K hstr h cut hmd. Yor`ofchjhty vfrhfthmd, cmte

jftorfjjy fd k vorthlfjjy, lfd efvo f strmdn hdbjuodlo md

rolmvor hos cy lyljhdn. Rorthlfj strfthbhlfthmd mb emrhzmdtfj

por`ofchjhty hs prmcfcjy teo prh`fry bfltmr lmdtrmjjhdn

hdvfshmd obbhlhodly. Hd rosorvmhrs lmdtfhdhdn jfyors mr

ronhmds mb lmdtrfsthdn por`ofchjhthos, teo jofkhdn okno mb

teo kry-nfs brmdt (usok hd lfjlujfthdn hdvfshmd obbhlhodly)

hs ft f khbborodt pmshthmd bmr ofle jfyor. Bhojk mcsorvfthmds

usufjjy ostfcjhse teo brmdt md teo cfshs mb crofate rmune

hd teo `mst-por`ofcjo jfyor, weorofs `fteo`fthlfj `mkoj

stukhos `fy efvo cood cfsok md fd fvorfno por`ofchjhty

mb jfyors m r f khslroto du`cor mb jfyors. teus prokhlthdn

jftor crofate rmune . [ehs pmsshchjhty semujk co udkorstmm k

weod `mkoj prokhlthmds mb crofatermune th`o fro lm`-

pfrok whte bhojk mcsorvfthmds. Kotfhjok rosorvmhr fdfjyshshs roquhrok hd kovojmphdn f `fteo` fthlfj `mkoj tm odsuro

teft teo `mkoj usok fkoquftojy robjolts teo prmporthos mb

teo rosorvmhr.

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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[eoro lfd co sovorfj smurlos mb lm`pfrfthvo por`of-

chjhty hdbmr`fthmd bmr rosorvmhr jfyors, hdljukhdn khrolt

`ofsuro`odts mb por`ofchjhthos md lmros ro`mvok brm`

wojjs, bmr` fthmd tosts kurhdn krhjjhdn fdk lm`pjothmd,

lm`p frfthvo trfds`hsshchjhthos brm` lfrobujjy rud hdgolthmd

prmbhjos, fdk bjmw, krfwk mwd , fdk cuhjkup tosts md wojjs

lm`p jotok hd khbborodt jfyors. Hb khbborodt ahdks mb hdbmr-

`fthmd fro tm co usok tmnoteor, teoy semujk fjj co fkgustok

tm teo sf`o udhts bmr lfjlujfthdn teo obbolts mb por`ofchjhty

vfrhfthmd md nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhr porbmr` fdlo.

@ul e khslusshmd efs cood pucjhseok ronfrkhdn teo ob-

bolts mb por`ofchjhty vfrhfthmd md teo rolmvorhos mb

eykrmlf rcmds brm` rosorvmhrs. Khslusshmds whte pfrthlujfr

roborodlo tm  fs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmh rs efvo cood prmvhkok

cy @usaft, C +H \tfdkhdn ot fj., 2? @hjjor fdk Jo dts, 22

fdk mteors. 2>->9 Nodorfjjy, teo prmpmsfjs tm fllmudt bmr

teo obbolt mb por`ofchjhty vfrhfthmds md nfs-lmdkod sfto

rosorvmhr porbmr`fdlo uso twm khbborodt `otemks mb wojj-

tm-wojj fvorfnhdn mb emrhzmdtfj por`ofchjhthos. [eo bhrst

`otem k fvorfn os fjj ehne por`ofchjhthos brm` fjj wojjs

tmnote or (hrrospolthvo mb vorthlfj pmshthmds mb teo ehne-

por`ofchjhty sf`pjos hd teo solthmd) fdk fjj jmw por`of-

chjhthos brm` fjj wojjs hd fdmteor nrmup, whte hdtor`okh-

fto por`ofchjhthos ljfsshbhok hdtm mdo mr `mro sucnrm ups.

Ofle mb teo fvorfno por`ofchjhthos hs ronfrkok fs f shd-

njo strftu` lmdthdumus termun emut teo rosorvmhr. [ehs typo

mb fvorfnhdn wmujk fp pofr tm nhvo `fxh`u` prmcfchjhtymb lm`putok ofrjy crofatermunes mb kry nfs tm prmkulhdn

wojjs. Hd teo solmdk `ote mk, por` ofchjhthos fro fvorfn ok

brm` wojj tm wojj fllmrkhdn tm vorthlfj pmshthmd hd teo sol-

thmd. Bmr oxf`pjo, por`ofchjhthos hd teo tmp 69% mb ofle

wojj‘s prmkulthvo solthmd `hnet fjj co fvorfnok tmnoteor,

teo doxt 69% tmnoteor, fdk sm md tm teo cmttm`. [ehs

prmlo kuro `fhdtfhds jfyors hd teohr rojfthvo vorthlfj pmsh-

thmds hd teo rosorvmhr, fdk teus, cy fvorfnhdn jftorfjjy,

teo obbolts mb fdy hdkhvhkufj ehne-por`ofchjhty sf`pjos

todk tm co kf`p ok mut udjoss ehne-por`ofc hjhty strofas

fro fltufjjy porshstodt hd mdo mr `mro jfyors mb teo solthmd.

Ohteor mb teoso   `otemks lfd co usok hd smjuthmds prosodt-

ok cy @usaft, ?UF wem usok teo ‚strfthbhlfthmd rfthm‐ tm

kovojmp ` fteo`fthlfj `ofds mb ovfjufthdn teo obbolts mb

vorthlfj vfrhfthmd mb por`ofchjhty md lyljhdn. ‚\trfthbh-

lfthmd rfthm‐ hs teo rfthm mb teo por`ofchjhty mb teo `mst-

por`ofc jo rolmndhzfcjo jfyor hd teo solthmd tm teft mb teo

jofst-por`ofcjo jfyor hd teo sf`o solthmd (te oso por`o f-

chjhthos f ro teo jfyor fvorfno hd ofle lfso, kotor`hdok cy

wefto vor `ofds, rfteor tefd hdkhvhkufj ehne mr jmw por-

`ofchjhthos brm` shdnjo pjuns mr lmros brm ` teo jfyor).

[eo @usaft kovojmp`odt fjsm fssu`os sh`pjo pfrfjjoj su-

porpmshthmd mb jfyors mb khbborodt emrhzmdtfj por`ofchjh-

thos whte dm lrmssbjmw cotwood. [eo rosujtfdt lmrrojfthmds

fro prosodtok nrfpehlfjjy hd teo roborodlos.

@hjjor fdk Jodts22 usok teo solmdk typo mb jftorfj por-

`ofchjhty fvorfnhdn hd teohr fdfjyshs mb teo Lmttmd R fjjoy

Cmklfw rosorvmhr. [eohr wmra semujk co rovhowok bmr fd

udkorstfdkhdn mb teo kotfhjok prmlo kuro usok. [eo tfcjo

mb por`ofchjhthos teoy kovojmp ok (rofrrfdn ok hd koslodk-hdn mrkor mb `fndhtuko) bmr hjjustrfthdn teo lfjlujfthmd mb

khjuthmd coef vhmr mb teo sucgolt rosorvm hr whte th`o hs

semwd eoro fs [fcjo <8.63. [eo lfjlujfthmd fssu`os dm

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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<8-39 YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

swoo p hs subbhlhodtjy nroft hd jodnte. Bow rosorvmhrs

lmdbmr` tm f pfrfjjoj kopmshthmd mb jods, ofle mb

khbborodt udhbmr` por`ofchjhty, udjoss mdo whseo s tm

sucslrhco tm teo wmr st pmsshcjo lmdsoquod los bmr ly-

ljhdn, w ehle lfd lmdko`d teo fppjhlfthmd mb sule f

prmn rf` hd f rhle nfs-lmdkod sfto bhojk.

\ule udpucjhseok hdbmr`fthmd fs efs lm`o tm mur ft-

todthmd todks tm sucstfdthfto teo cojhob teft `mst rosorvmhrs

fro dmt lm`p msok mb lmdthdumus jfyors mb lmdtrfsthdn plr-

`ofchjhthos (whte dm lrmssbjmw) teft wmujk todk tm prmkulo

quhla crofate rmune kurhdn hdgolthmd mporfthmds. Eurst‘s

vhowpmhdt semujk teorobmro c o lmdshkorok sorhmusjy cy teo

odnhdoor prokhlthdn teo coefvhmr mb lyljhdn prm golts, co-

lfuso mvoro` pefshs md teo por`ofchjhty vfrhfthmd w htehd

f rosorvmhr lmujk prmkulo tmm possh`hsthl f vhow mb pms-

shcjo rolmvorhos fdk teorocy lmdk o`d lyljhdn hd nfs-

lmdkodsfto rosorvmhrs teft `hnet, hd bflt, yhojk prmbhtfcjo

lyljhdn porbmr`fdlo.

[eo solmdk ` otemk bm r jftorfj fvorfnhdn mb por`ofchj-

hthos hs rolm``odkok, weoteor teo @hjjor fdk Jodts22

fdfjyshs m r mteor toledhquos fro fppjhok tm teo efdkjhdn

mb por`ofchjhty vfrhfthmd hd nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhrs.

Yrmpor lmdshkorfthmd bmr pfttord (&\-wohnetok) obbhlhodly

`ust co nhvod hd ofle l fso.

Bhn. <8.>~-Cmudkfry mb hdvfkok frof prokhltok cy ofrjy pmtod-

thm`otrhl `mkoj stukhos.

lrmssbjmw, fdk teo rosorvmhr hs troftok fs temune ht woro

lm` pmsok mb fjtordfthdn jfyors mb vfrhfcjo pm rmshty fdk

por`ofchjhty. Ht hs fjsm fssu`ok teft pfrfjjoj bjmw mllurssh`ujtfdomusjy hd teo vfrhmus jfyors w hte teo sf`o pmtod-

thfj khstrhcuthmd termune mut teo jfyors. [eo hdgolthmd w ojjs

fro troftok fs f jhdo smurlo, fdk teo prmkulhdn wojjs fs

f ‚jhdo shda.‐ Eodlo , te o lfjlujfthmds hd teo tfcjo prokhlt

teo porlodtfn o mb mrhnhdfj rosorvm hr eykr mlfrcmd vmju`o

ft lmdstfdt p rossuro prmk ulok ft teo hdstfdt ofle jfyor efs

cood khspjflok fdk teo porlodtfno mb kry nfs (fdk wot

nfs) hd teo prmkulhdn strof` fs `mro fdk `mro jfyors fro

khspjflok (crofatermune). [eo rolmvory tm fdy stfno mb

khjuthmd hd teo prmku lok nfs lfd teod co prokhltok1 teo

rolmvory @hjjor fdk Jodts lfjlujftok (suppmrtok cy jftor

prmkulthmd ehstmry, fs semwd cy Crhdajoy‘ss? Bhn. >) hs

hd nmmk fnroo`odt whte prokhlthmds brm` @ usaft‘s lmrro-

jfthmds.

Rory jhttjo efs cood pucjhseok lm`pfrhdn teo fltufj co-

efvhmr fdk bhdfj rolmvorho s m b nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhrs

whte temso prokhltok w hte teo khbborodt `otemks mb fllmudt-

hdn bmr por`ofchjhty vfrhfthmd. \tojzor2 < ropmrts md teo

porbmr`fdlo mb teo Yfjuxy nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr mb

teo Lefp oj Ehjj bhojk, [U, teo lyljhdn c oefvhmr mb wehle

efk cood prokhltok ofrjhor cy @frse fjj fdk Mjhvor. ?5 [ehs

fdfjyshs hs khslussok burteor jftor. Hd f khslusshmd mb \toj-

zor‘s pfpor, E urst tfaos teo pmshthmd teft por`ofchjhty vfr-

hfthmd mr strfthbhlfthmd hd f rosorvmhr lfd co mb `hdmr

shndhbhlfdlo hd lmdtrmjjhdn teo ujth`fto rolm vory cy

lyljhdn7

[eo jhtemjmnhlfj dfturo mb f rosorvmhr hs sule teft whte

teo hdtorsporshmd mb sefjo termune mut, ht lfd vhrtufjjy

roprmk ulo teo lmdbhnurfthmd mb f udhbmr` sfdk hb teo

Yrokhlthmd mb Lyljhdn M porfthmds whte @mkoj \tukhos-

Fdfjmn [oledhquos. [eo stofky-stfto bjmw mb bjuhks

termune pmrmus `okhf, weod nmvordok cy Kfrly‘s jfw,

hs fdfjmnmus tm teo bjmw mb lurrodt termun e fd ojoltrhlfj

lmdkultmr nmvordok cy Me`‘s jfw. [eus stofky-stfto

ojoltrhlfj-`mkoj stukhos efvo cood usok quhto sullossbujjy

hd teo prokhlthmd mb nfs-lmdkod sfto lyljhdn mp orfthmds.

[eo budkf`odtfj fdfjmny cotw ood fd ojoltrhlfj `m kojmb f nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr fdk teo bjmw systo` mb teo

rosorvmhr kopodk s md teo oquhvfjodlo mb ojoltrhlfj le frno

tm rosorvmhr bjuhk, lurrodt bjmw tm bjuhk bjmw, spolhbhl lmd-

kulthvhty tm bjuhk `mchjhty, fdk pmtodthfj (vmjtfno) khstrh-

cuthmd hd teo `mkoj tm f budlthmd fp, (dmt tm prossuro

khstrhcuthmd hd teo rosorvmhr, fs hd fd mhj/wftor systo`)

kobhdok cy @usaft fs

weoro

pn 0 nfs kodshty,

px 0 nfs vhslmshty, fdk

p 0 prossuro.

[ehs fdfjmny e mjks, prmvhk ok te o smurlos, shdas, fdk

cmudkfry lmdkhthmds fro `fko oquhvfjodt hd sefpo fdk khs-

trhcuthmd.

\tofky-stfto `mkojs lfd co khvhkok hdtm twm nodorfj

ljfssos7 ojoltrmdhl fdk ojoltrmjythl. [eo bmr`o r kopodks

md teo `mvo`od t mb ojoltrmds termun e roshsthvo smjhks,

sule fs `otfj seoots, lfrcmd pfpor, fdk nrfpehto-

h`prond ftok ljmte mr ruccor seoothdn . Ojoltrmds fro hd-

trmkul ok ft mdo cmudkfry fdk `mvo hdtm teo `mkoj tm khs-

pjflo broo ojoltrmds termunemut teo odthro cmky mb teo`mkoj. [eo ojoltrmds `mvhdn mut mb teo `mkoj ft teo mteor

cmudkfry prmkulo f lurrodt teft lfusos f pmtodthfj krmp

hd teo smjhk roshsthvo `okhu` hd fllmrkf dlo whte Me`‘s

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NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\

jfw. Fs f rosujt, teo `mvo` odt mb teo oquhvfjodt bjuhk

hdtorbflo lfd co trflok. Hd teo lfso mb f nrfpehto-

h`prondftok ljmte `mkoj, teo rosorvmhr hs roprosodtok cy

jfyors mb ljmte, teo du`cor mb jfyors mb wehle fro sm`o

budlthmd mb teo por`ofchjhty/dot-tehladoss prmku lt (ae) mb

teo prmkulhdn strftf. [eo sefpo mb ofle jfyor mb ljmte lmd-

bmr`s tm teo sefpo mb teo ae rfdno ht roprosodts. Lmpporojoltrmko s fro bhxok hd teo ljmte `m koj ft pmshthmds lmrro-

spmdkhdn tm teo wojjs hd teo rosorvmhr fdk khrolt lurrodts

fro pfssok termune teoso ojoltrmkos hd prmpmrthmd tm teo

wojj bjmw rftos. [e o ojoltrmkos fro dmt usufjjy slfjok tm

teo fltufj wojj khf`otors.

Ojoltrmjythl `mkojs kopodk md teo `mchjhty mb teo hmds

hd teo `okhu`. Colfu so teo vojmlhty mb fd hmd hd fd ojol-

trmjyto systo` hs prmpmrthmdf j tm teo pmtodthfj n rfkhodt,

gust f s teo vojmlhty mb f jhquhk pfrthljo hd f pmrmus ` okhu`

hs prmpmrthmdf j tm teo prossuro nrfkhodt, fd ojoltrmjythl

`mkoj lfd co sot up teft prmvhkos f nmmk fdfjmny tm shdnjo-

pefso bjmw hd f pmrmus systo`. [eo hmds fro `mvok hdtm

teo `mkoj flrmss mdo mr `mro cmudkfrhos fdk khspjflo

hmds termune mut teo odthro `okhu` , lfushdn hmds tm jofvo

termun e mteor cmudkfrhos. [eo bjmwhdn lurrodt fdk pmtod-

thfj krmp fro ostfcjhseok hd oxfltjy teo sf`o wfy fs hd

teo ojoltrmdhl `mkojs.

Ojoltrmjythl `mkojs lfd co khvhkok hdtm teroo `fgmr

typos7 noj, cjmttor, fdk jhquhk. Fjtemune teo bhrst twm typos

lfd co usok tm kotor`hdo teo frof6 swoop pfttords hd twm-

kh`odshmdfj udhbmr` `o khf, teo pmtodthm`otrhl `mkoj teft

usos f jhquhk ojoltrmjyto hs teo `mst bjoxhcjo fdk fllurfto.

Hd tehs typo, te o bjuhk lmdkulthvhty mb teo pmrmu s ` okhu`

hs usufjjy roprosodto k cy fd mpod lmdtfhdor teft efs hts

cmttm` sefpok tm prmkulo ojoltrmjyto koptes prmpmrthmdfj

tm teo ae mb teo prmkulhdn strftf fdk hts shkos sefpok tm

lmdbmr` tm teo prmkulthvo jh`hts mb teo strftf. [ehs lmd-strulthmd h`pjhos teft teoro hs dm vorthlfj vfrhfthmd hd por-

`ofchjhty fdk dm cokkhdn ft fdy jmlfthmd hd teo rosorvmhr,

fs roprosodtok cy teo `mkoj. Lmppor ojoltrmkos (dmt slfjok

tm wojj khf`otor) fro bhxok hd teo `mkoj ft pmshthmds lmr-

rospmdkhdn tm teo jmlfthmds mb teo wojjs hd teo rosorvmhr,

fdk fjtordfthdn lurrodts mb prmpor pefso fro pfssok

termune teoso ojoltrmkos. [eo `fndhtukos mb teoso lurrodts

fro `fko prmpmrthmdfj tm teo prmkulthmd fdk hdgolthmd rftos

tm co usok hd teo rosorvmhr. [eo khrolthmd mb lurrodt bjmw

ft ovory pmhdt hd teo `mkoj hs lmdshkorok fdfjmnmus tm teo

khrolthmd tfaod cy teo bjmwhdn bjuhk hd teo rosorvmhr.

[eo nodorfj fssu`p thmds fppjhlfcjo tm stofky-stfto fd-

fjmn toledhquos fro teft (6) f vorthlfj fdk khslroto hdtor-

bflo oxhsts cotwood teo khspjflhdn fdk teo khspjflokpefsos1 (3) colfuso teo ehstmry mb fkvfdlo mb mdjy mdo

brmdt lfd co trflok ft fdy mdo th o, hb twm hdtorbflos mr

brmdts fro prosodt (sule fs nfs/nfs fdk nfs/wftor), mdo

hs lmdshkorok f stfthmdfry cmudkfry1 (<) fvorfn o rosor-

vmhr prossuro hs lmdstfdt ronfrkjo ss mb teo hdgolthmd mr prm-

kulthmd sleok ujo (tehs fvmhks lm`prosshchjhty obbolts hd teo

`mkoj stuky)1 fdk (;) nrfvhtfthmdfj obbolts fro donjoltok.

Hd fkkhthmd, hb teo `mchjhty rfthm mb teo systo` hs dmt (dofr)

udhty mr hdbhdhty, teo dolossfry prmlok uros colm`o tokh-

mus fdk lmstjy.

Fd oxf`pjo lfso ehstmry cy @frsefjj fdk Mjhvor?*

ropmrtok rosujts mb f pmtodthm`otrhl `mkoj stuky mb teo

Yfjuxy sfdk rosorvmhr mb teo Lefp oj Ehjj bhojk. \`hte

Lmudty, [U . [ehs nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhr hs cmudkok

md teo dmrte cy f nfs/wftor lmdtflt, md teo wost cy f bfujt,

fdk md teo smute fdk ofst cy f phdlemut. Ht wfs fssu`ok

F - H , ^FJ[MD #H ( HDG)

C - H . ^FJ[MD #W (HDG)

L - ^. ^FJ[MD ‚ 5‐ # H

K-^ ^FJ[MD #H

O - \. ^FJ[MD # H

B - E LF@YCOJJ # H

N - C @M\JOX #H

E- @ ^FSSOD # j-F

H -L. N BHDLE #H

YEF\O H--- YEF\B HH

-- -- YEF\O HH H

Bhn. <8.5-Cmudkfrhos mb hdvfkok frofs prokhltok cy jftor pmtod-

jhm`otrhl `mkoj stukhos.

teft teo nfs/wftor lmdtflt wfs f bhxok h`por`ofcjo cmudk-

fry1 teft teo por`ofchjhty, pmrmshty, fdk hdtorsththfj wfto r

lmdtodt woro ofle udhbmr` termunemut teo prmkulhdn zmdo1

teft teo rosorvmhr vmju`o rfto mb kry-nfs hdgolthmd wfs

oqufj tm teo lmrrospmdkhdn rfto mb nfs-lmdkodsfto prmkul-

thmd1 fdk teft nrfvhty obbolts woro donjhnhcjo. Bhn. <8.>

semw s teo bhdfj kry-nfs/w ot-nfs hdtorbflo pm shthmd ft th`o

mb crofatermune hdtm ^ojj 6 (kotor`hdok fbtor sovorfj

trhfjs mb wojj frrfdno`od t fdk prmkulthmd- fdk hdgolthmd-

rfto sleokujos) teft yhojkok fd mpth`u` pfttord (e [-

wohne tok) obbhlhodly prokhlthmd mb 5< %. Hdgolthmd wfs hdtm

^ojjs 6 fdk F whte prmkulthmd brm` ^ojjs 3 termune ;fdk C fs hdkhlftok hd Bhn. <8.> . [e hs prmnrf` prmvhko k

f sustfhdok lfpflhty mb <? @@ slb/K bmr teo jhbo mb teo

mporfthmd.  

\tojzor2< ropmrtok f lm`pfrhsmd mb `mkoj stuky pro-

khlthmds whte fltufj porbmr` fdlo bmr tehs rosorvmhr. Fl-

tufj nfs hdgolthmd wfs conud hd fllmrkf dlo whte teo dmrte/

smute swoop hdkhlftok cy teo `mkoj stuky. Kurhdn teo hd-

hthfj porhmk (bhrst 6? `mdtes fbtor lyljhdn confd) teo

prmkulthmd- fdk hdgolthmd-rfto prmn rf` pro khltok cy teo

hdhthfj `mkoj stuky wfs bmjjmwok quhto ljmsojy. Dow strul-

turfj kftf rovofjok hd teo krhjjhdn mb fkkhthmdfj wojjs, em w-

ovor, roquhrok sm`o lefdnos hd teo hsmpfle ` fp mb teo

Yfjuxy sfdk . [eo rosujts brm` f solmdk `mkoj stuky,

wehle hdlmrpmrf tok teoso lefdnos p jus hdgolthmd hdtm mdjy

^ojjs F fdk C, fro semwd hd Bhn. <8 .5. [eroo hdtorbflo

cmudkfrhos (kry-nfs brmdts) fro semwd bmr teroo

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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<8-33 YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

HM

DK MB YEF\O j (FK_\[OK [M

- \F@O HDGOL[HMD SF[O\ F\, .H

YEF\O\ HH FDK HHH6

H9 6

9 HM 39 <9 ;9 ?9 2 9 >9

FL[_FJ SO\OSRMHS MYOSF[HDN [H@O-

@MD[E\ FB[OS \[FS[ MB LXLJHDN

Bhn. <8.8-Lm`pfrhsmd mb prokhltok whte fltufj th`os mb bhrst kry-

nfs crofatermune, Yfjuxy nfs-lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr,

Lefpoj Ehjj bhojk. [U.

prmkulthmd- fdk hdgolthmd-rfto sleokujos. [eo bhrst sleok-

ujo wfs `fhdtfhdok bmr teo bhrst 6? `mdtes mb lyljhdn1 teo

solmdk w fs lmdthduok udthj crofate rmune mb kry nfs hdtm

^ojj O1 teo bhdfj sleokujo w fs `fhdtfhdok udthj bhrst crofa-termune ft ^ojj 6. [eoro wfs ljmso fnroo`odt cotwood

teo `mkoj rftos usok fdk fltufj rosorvmhr rftos.

[eo solmdk `mkoj stuky hdkhlftok f pfttord (e& N

wohnetok) obbhlhodly mb 55 % , f ? % hdlrofso mvor teft mc-

tfhdok cy teo hdhthfj stuky. \tojzor osth`ftok teo f`mudt

mb rosorvmhr nfs hd pjflo ft stfrt mb lyljhdn tm co >5.; Csl b.

[eo dow `mkoj stuk y teus h`pjhos fd fkkhthmdfj ; Cslb

mb prokhltok rolmvorfcjo nfs fs f rosujt mb cottor rosorvmhr

kobhdhthmd fdk cottor mporfthdn sleokujos.

[eo kftf hd Bhn. <8.8 lm`pfro `mkoj (prokhltok) crofa-

termune th`os whte teo fltufj th`os tm kry-nfs fppofrfdlo

hd lmrrospmdkhdn bhojk wojjs. (Yefso s 6, 3, fdk < mb fltufj

coefvhmr lmrrospmdk tm \leokujos 6, 3, fdk < mb teo `mkoj

stuky.) Bhojk kftf md crofatermune woro tfaod brm` crofas

hd lmdtodt lurvos mb hsmcutfdos-pjus1 teo kfseo k jhdo semw s

teo lu`ujfthvo wojj-cy-wojj crofate rmune coefvhmr mb teo

kry-nfs bjmmk. Colfuso prokhltok fdk fltufj hdgolthmd fdk

prmkulthmd rftos wor o dofrjy oqufj fdk lmdstfdt k urhdn

teo porhmk semwd (oxlopt bmr Yefso 6, wehle w fs fkgustok

tm teo sf`o fvorfno rftos), th`os md teo pjmt fro khroltjy

prmpmrthmdf j tm lu`ujfthvo rosorvmhr vmju`os mb nfs.

[eoro bmro, teo jmwor jhnet jhdo roprosodts f eypmteo thlfj

hdvfshmd obbhlhodly mb 699% teft wmujk prov fhj hb fltufj

crofatermune th`os lmhdlhkok whte temso prokhltok cy teo

`mkoj Qfdk teo frof6 fdk pfttord II \-wohnetok) swoops

wor o hkodthlfj w hte `mkoj prokhlthmdsP. [eo uppor jhnet

jhdo roprosodts fd frchtrfry hdvfshmd obbhlhodly mb 59%

Qfssu`hdn teft prokhltok fdk fltufj pfttord (e&-wohnetok)

obbhlhodlhos fro hkodthlfjP. [eo strfhnet eofvy jhdo brm`

teo mrhnhd termune teo jfst wojj tm oxporhodlo crofatermune

hdkhlftos fd hdvfshmd obbhlhodly f jhttjo nroftor tefd 89%

fdk h`pjhos teft `mro lm` pjoto hdvfshmd m b jmw-

por`ofchjhty ronhmds coehdk teo kry-nfs brmd t wfs fllm`-

pjhseok kurhdn teo jftor stfnos mb lyljhdn. [eo fnroo`odt

mb prokhltok crofatermune th`os whtehd 69% mb fltufj

crofate rmune th`os hjjustrftos teo nroft uthjhty mb pmtodthm-

`otrhl `mkojs hd pjfddhdn lyljhdn mporf thmds. \`fjj bur-

teor h`prmvo`odt hd teo pfttord (a& \-wohnetok) fdk

hdvfshmd obbhlhodlhos wfs tm co oxpo ltok c obmro fcfdkmd-

`odt mb teo rosorvmhr hd tehs lfso.

\tojzor‘s2< bhnuros (ft teo stfrt mb lyljhdn) mb >5.; Cslb

mb nfs hd pjflo fdk > ; ccj mb lmdkodsfcjo jhquhks hd teo

vfpmr p efso mb teo rosorvmhr por 6 @@ slb mb nfs hdkhlfto

teft ?,599,M MM ccj mb lmdkodsfcjo jhquhks hs hd teo rosor-

vmhr vfpmr pe fso ft teo stfrt mb lyljhdn. _shdn te o `mkoj-

korhvok pfttord (/#-wohnetok) obbhlhodly mb 55% (odk

mb \leokujo <), ?,699,MM M ccj mb jhquhks wfs sucgolt tm

ro`mvfj cy kry-nfs hdvfshmd. \tojzor‘s Bhn. ? semw s teft

fcmut ;,2;9,MMM ccj mb jhquhk prmkults woro rolmvorok

cotwood teo stfrt mb lyljhdn fdk teo crofatermune mb nfsft ^ojj 6. [ehs prmvhkos fd hdvfshmd obbhlhodly mb 86%

ft teft th`o, cfsok md 699 % khspjflo`odt obbhlhodly. [eus

teo prmkult mb teo pfttord (a&X-wohnetok) fdk hdvfshmd

obbhlhodlhos roprosodts f rosorvmhr lyljhdn obbhlhodly m b

59% ft teo th o mb crofatermun e hdtm ^ojj 6. Hd fkkhthmd,

jftor mporfthmds hdlrofsok te o lu`ujfthvo rolmvory kurhdn

lyljhdn tm `mro tefd ? `hjjhmd ccj mb lmdkodsfcjo jhquhks,

teus crhdnhdn bhdfj rosorvmhr lyljhdn obbhlhodly tm `mro

tefd 52 % [ehs hs lmdshkorok vory nmmk.

Yrokhlthmd mb Lyljhdn Mporfthmds ^hte @fteo`fthlfj

Sosorvmhr \h`ujftmrs. [eo uso mb `fteo`fthlfj rosorvmhr

sh`ujftmrs tm lfjlujfto rosorvmhr porbmr` fdlo kurhdn nfs-

lyljhdn mporfthmd s y hojks rosujts suporhmr tm temso mctfhdok

cy teo `mro sh`pjhbhok lfjlujfthmd prmlok uros. _so mb

teoso sh`ujftmrs ro`mv os teo dolosshty mb `fahdn teo fs-

su`pthmds roquhrok hd fd fdfjmn `mkoj. \m`o fssu`pthmds

fro roquhrok, emwovor, wehle semujk co udkorstmmk tm por-

bmr` f rosorvmhr sh`ujfthmd stuky prmporjy. [eo teomry

mb rosorvmhr sh`ujfthmd hs prosodtok hd Lef p. ;5. Lmfts>‘

prosodts f nmmk khslusshmd mb rosorvmhr sh`ujfthmd stukhos

mb nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhrs. Mdo `ust aoop hd `hdk teft

teo rosujts brm` f `fteo` fthlfj rosorvmhr sh`ujftmr

kopodk md teo qufjhty mb teo kftf usok tm propfro teo rosor-

vmhr `mkoj. Hb nmm k kftf fro dmt fvfhjfcjo, mdo semujk

lmdshkor weoteor teo oxpodso fdk th`o roquhrok tm por-

bmr` f `fteo` fthlfj rosorvmhr sh`ujfthmd fro gusthbhok.

Kftf Soquhro`odts bmr Nfs-Lmdkodsfto Lyljhdn \tuky.

[m ovfjufto prmporjy teo pmtodthfj mb lyljhdn f nfs-lmd-

kodsfto rosorvmhr, teo bmjjmwhdn kftf fro roquhrok.

6. Nomjmnhl kftf-`fps fdk lrmss solthmds semwhdn dot

obbolthvo sfdk tehladoss, strulturfj lmdtmurs md teo tmp

fdk cfso mb teo prmkulthv o bmr`fthmd, jmlfthmd mb nfs/

wftor hdtorbflo mrhnhdfjjy fdk ft teo kfto teo `mkoj stuk y

conhds, fdk jmlfthmd mb kry-nf s/wot-nfs hdtorbflo f t teo

stfrt mb stuky-fdk nodorfj hdbmr`fthmd md jhtemjmny fdk

jodthlujfrhty mb teo prmkulthv o strftf, sule fs oxtodt mb bhs-

suros, brflturos, lfvords, fdk mteor spolhfj lmdkhthmds.

Hb f cjfla-mhj rhdn hs prosodt, hts shzo fdk oxtodt semujk

co semwd.

3. Yeyshlfj prmporthos mb teo rosorvmhr rmla-hsmpmrmshty`fp (mr fvorfno pmrmshty), obbolthvo m r spolhbhl hsmpor`o-

fchjhty ` fp (mr fvorfn o v fjuos), fdk hdtorsththfj wftor

lmdtodt.

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\ <8-3<

<. Bjuhk lefrfltorhsthls (prmk ulok, fdk hdgoltok weoro

fppjhlfcjo)-bjuhk lm`pmshthmd. rotrmnrfk o kowpm hdt pros-

suro mb rosorvmhr bjuhks, nfs BRB mr spolhbhl vmju`o vs.

prossuro, kovhfthmd bfl tmr, lmdkodsfto lmdtodt mb rosorvmhr

bjuhk. vhslmshty, fdk kodshthos mb jhquhk fdk nfs pefsos,

fjj brm` mrhnhdfj rosorvmhr prossuro termun e teo rfdno mb

hdtorost (usufjjy tm fcfdkmd`odt lmdkhthmds).

;. F`mudt mb mrhnhdfj bjuhks hd pjflo (korhvfcjo brm`

kftf hd Ymhdts H termune <).

?. Sosorvm hr prossuro ehstmry (vmju`otrhlfjjy wohn etok)

brm` khslmvory tm prosodt. Hb tehs hs dmt fvfhjfcjo, hsmcfrhl

lmdtmur `fps ft teo vfrhmus prossuro survoy kftos semujk

co suppjhok.

2. Lmdkodsfto. nfs, fdk wftor prmkulthmd kftf, brm`

teo kfto mb khslmvory.

>. Yrmpmsok buturo prmkulthmd rftos.

5. Nfs- fdk/mr wftor-hdgolthmd kftf, pfst fdk buturo

prmgolthmds.

8. Yrmkulthvhty, hdgolthvhty, fdk cflapr ossuro tost kftf

md wojjs.

_jth`fto Solmvory mb Nfs fdk Lmdkodsfto Jhquhks cy

Lyljhdn. [eo sf`o rosorvmhr bmr wehle prossuro-kopjothmd

lfjlujfthmds wor o `fko provhmusjy lfd co usok tm hjjustrfto

teo obbolthvodoss mb f lyljhdn mporfthmd. [fcjo <8.5 jhsts

teo cfshl kftf bmr prokhlthdn teo ujth`fto rolmvorhos mb wot

nfs, lmdkodsfto, fdk pjfdt prmku lts kurhdn lyljhdn ft

mrhnhdfj rosorvm hr prossuro (tm fvmhk sorhmus krfwkm wd

obbolts) bmjjm wok cy prossuro kopjothmd tm fcfdkmd`odt

prossuro. Yrmkulthvo tehladoss, p mrmshty. fdk hdtorsththfj

wftor lmdtodt fro ofle fssu`ok udhbmr`. Lmdsoquodtjy,

teo >8.9% frofj swo op obbhlhodly mctfhdok cy f pmtodthm-

`otrhl `mkoj stuky hs fjsm teo pfttord (I \-wohnetok) ob-

bhlhodly. [eo hdvfshmd obbhlhodly hs fssu`ok tm co 89%colfuso por`ofchjhty vfrhfthmds fro `mko rfto. C olfuso f

kry-nfs/w ot-nfs lyljhdn mporfthmd hs f `hslhcjo bjmmk , teo

khspjflo`odt obthlhodly hs ossodthfjjy 699% . [eorobm ro,

teo rosorvmhr lyljhdn obbhlhodly wmujk co > 6.6% . [m sh`-

pjhby teo oxf`p jo. ht hs fssu`ok teft fbtor lyljhdn, teo ud-

swopt pmro spflo cmte hdshko fdk mutshko teo kry-nfs brmdt

whjj prossuro kopjoto hd teo sf`o `fddor fs prokhlto k

provhmusjy bmr teo dmdlyljhdn lfso7 ht whjj fjsm co fssu`ok

olmdm`hlfj tm rolmvor teo cutfdos-pjus brm` teo nfs

prmkulok.

Sosorvmhr @vt nfs prmkulok kur hdn lyljh dn porh mk

mrhnhdfj rosorvmhr lm`dpmshthmd)7

6<9.883x9.>6608<.6<? @@slb.

SosorZvh r wot nfs prmkulok cy prossuro kopjoth` u b

tor lyljh dn lefdnhdn lmrdpmshth md, fs semwd hd prossuro-

kopjothmd oxf`pjo)7

693,9;?x(6,999-9.>66)038,;86 @@slb

Sosortgmhr tvotnfs prmkulok ft feudkm`dodtprossuro,

>99 p.shn.

8<.6<?+38,;860 633.232 @@ slb.

[mtfj sopfrftmr nfs prmkulok soo [fcjo <8.2)7

Kurhdn lyljhdn,

>>>.6?+<5.?3+<5.;?x8<,6<?

j,mmM

09.5?;63x8<,6<?0>8,?;5 @@slb.

Kurhdn kopjothmd,

282.>?+ 6;.88+65.9?

6,999x38,;86

09,>38>8x38,;86 036,?33 @@ slb.

[mtfj 7

>8,?;5+36,?330 696,9>9 @@ slb.

[mtfj lmdkodsfto prmkulok7

Kurhdn lyljhdn,

656.>;x8<,6<?062,832,<?? ccj.

Kurhdn kopjothmd,

?6.86 x38,;86 0 6,?<9,5>5 ccj

[mtfj7

62,832,<?? + 6,?<9,5>5 0 65,;?>,3<< ccj

[eoso bhnuros roprosodt f shndhbhlfdt h`prmvo`od t mvor

teo rolmvorhos provhmusjy osth`ftok bm r prossuro-kopjothmd

fjmdo.

Dmdhdgolthmd-Nfs Soquhro`odts hd Lyljhdn Mporfthmds.

[eo dmdhdgolthmd-nfs roquhro`odts bmr lyljhdn lfd fbbolt

teo f`mudt mb nfs fvfhjfcjo bmr hdgolthmd. [eo f`mudt m b

nfs tm co lyljok hs kotor`hdok cy teo mpth`u` prossuro

jovoj tm co `fhdtfhdok fdk teo obbhlhodly mb rosorvmhr bjuhk

rolmvory tm co flehovok1 teo f`mudt mb nfs rofkhjy fvfhj-

fcjo, hdljukhdn smurlos fdk lmsts1 fdk teo koshnd fdk mpor-fthdn prmnrf`s bmr surbflo bflhjhthos. [eo f`mudt mb nfs

teft hs olmdm`hlfj tm lyljo termune f nfs-lmdkodsfto rosor-

vmhr vfrhos whte `fdy bfltmrs, hdljukhdn rhledoss mb teo

vfpmr ft rosorvmhr lyljhdn p rossuro, shzo fdk lmst mb teo

pjfdt, fdk teo prhlo mb teo bhojk prmkults fdk mb kry nfs.

@hjjor fdk Jodts% oxpol tok tm lyljo teo oquhvfjodt mb

fcmut 66? % mb teo nfs hd pjflo tm rolmvor sm`o 5? % mb

teo wot-nfs rosorvo mb teo Lmttmd Rfjjoy C mklfw rosor-

vmhr. ^ehjo Crhdajoy ?? hdkhlftok lyljhdn-nfs vmju`os mb

fs `ule fs 6<9% mb mrhnhdfj wot nfs hd pjflo bmr vfrhmus

rosorvmhrs, dm nodorfj lmrrojfthmd efs cood procodtok md

teo f`mudt mb nfs teft hs olmdm`hlfjjy smudk tm lyljo1

tehs semujk co teo sucgolt m b f kotfhjok odnhdoorhdn fdfjyshs

hd ofle lfso. [eo `faoup nfs dookok bmr lmdstfdt-pros-

suro lyljhdn hs `fhdjy te o vmju`o roquhrok tm ropjflo

serhdafno cy jhquhk rolmvory fdk teo f`mudt l mdsu`ok

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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<8-3; YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

bmr vfrhmus buoj dooks. Bm r sm`o lm`pmshthmd, to`porf-

turo, fdk prossuro rfdnos, te o ro`mvfj mb ehne-`mjolujfr-

wohnet lmdsthtuodts brm` teo prmkulok wot nfs `fy ro-

sujt hd f ehneor lm`prosshchjhty bfltmr bmr teo hdgoltok kry

nfs1 eodlo, teo nroftor vmju`o por `mjo hdgoltok ` fy ro-

quhro jhttjo mr dm `faou p nfs bmr lmdstfdt-prossuro lyljhdn.

[eo f`mudt mb nfs dmt fvfhjfcjo bmr hdgolthmd colfuso

mb lmdsu`pthmd bmr mporfthdn dooks semujk co tfaod hdtm

fllmudt hd kotor`hdhdn `faou p nfs roquhro`odts hb pros-

suro hs tm co `fhdtfhdok. [eo f`mudt mb buoj bmr lm`p ros-

shmd fdk troft`odt pjfdts kopodks `fhdjy md teo tmtfj

f`mudt mb nfs tm co roturdok tm teo rosorvmhr fdk teo khs-

lefrn o prossuro bmr teo pjfdt. Khslef rno p rossuro, hd turd,

kopodk s md teo tmtfj rfto mb hdgolthmd ko`fd kok fdk teo

du`cor mb hdgolthmd wojjs fdk teohr hdtfao lfpflhthos

termunemut teo jhbo mb teo mporfthmd. Mteor bfltmrs fbbolt-

hdn teo f`mudt mb nfs roquhrok bmr mvorfjj mporfthmds fro

typo mb pjfdt, typo mb jhquhk-rolmvory systo` usok, fdk

fuxhjhfry bhojk roquhro`odts (sule fs bmr krhjjhdn. lm`-

pjothmd, fdk wojj tosthdn1 lf`p buoj fdk pmwor bm r `fhd-todfdlo semps, nodorfj sorvhlo bflhjhthos, o`pjmyoo

emushdn1 fdk mteor bfltmrs teft vfry brm` mdo lfso tm

fdmteor).

@mmros; ropmrts teft nfs buoj lmdsu`pthmd bmr teo lm`-

prosshmd pjfdt fjmdo vfrhos brm` > tm 63 lu bt/cep-er1 tehs

hs prmcfcjy bmr nfsos whte eoft vfjuos mb fcmut 6,999

Ctu/lu bt. Emr sopmw or roquhro`odts por `hjjhmd stfdkfrk

luchl  boot mb nfs lm`prossok por kfy fro lmrrojftok hd

Sob. 62 (Lm`prossmr solthmd).

Fd oxf`pjo cfsok md Sobs. 62 fdk ?3 semws teft, w hte

5 lu bt/cep-er, f lm`prosshmd rfthm mb 6?.9 (lm`prosshdn

brm`, sfy, ;26 tm >,999 pshf) roquhrhdn teroo stfnos mb

lm`prosshmd whte f rfthm por stfno mb 3.;>, fdk f spolhbhl-

eoft rfthm mb 6.3?, teo luchl boot mb lm`prossmr buoj usokpor `hjjhmd luchl bo ot mb nfs lm`p rossok lfd co lfjlujftok

fs bmjjmws.

Bmr f nfs mb 9.2? spolhbhl nrfvhty  fdk f stfno lm`pros-

shmd rfthm mb 3.?. teo lefrt hd Sob. 62 rofks 33 cep. [eo

fjjmwfdlo bfltmr bmr hdtorstfno prossuro krmp (teroo lm`-

prosshmd stfnos) hs 6.6.

Buoj usok por `hjjhmd luchl boo t mb nfs lm`p rossok 0 cep

x lu bt mb buoj/cep-er x rfthm/stfno x du`cor mb stfnos x fj-

jmwfdlo bfltmr. Mr lm`prossmr buoj lmdsu`pthmd hs

`,.033x5x3;x3.;>x<x6.60<;.; @slbh@@slb.

[ehs lm`pf ros bfvmrfcjy whte teo bfltmr prosodtok hd

@m mro‘s? ; Bhn. 5. Bmr fd oxf`p jo rosorvm hr mrhnhdfjjy

lmdtfhdhdn 6<9,883 @ @slb mb wot nfs, wehle `hnet co

lyljok te o oquhvfjodt mb 6 j/; h`os, te o fpprmx h`fto lm`-

prossmr buoj lmdsu`pthmd wmujk co

6<9.883x 6.3?x<;.;0?.2<< @@ slb.

[ehs hs fpprmxh`ftojy < % mb teo nfs efdkjok termune teo

pjfdt.

[roft`odt pjfdt buoj fdk mteor pjfdt dooks fkkok tm

lm`p rossmr buoj crhdn teo rfdno mb lmdsu`pthmd hdshko

teo pjfdt bodlo tm < tm > % mb teo nfs efdkjok cy f lyljhdn

pjfdt. Hd fkkhthmd tm teoso dooks fdk mteo rs ` odthmdok

ofrjhor, pmsshcjo nfs jmssos lfd mllur hd f lyljhdn mporf-

thmd7 nfs usok hd ‚cjmwhdn kmwd‐ wojjs, semujk tehs co

dolossfry bmr ljofdhdn mr trofthdn pu rpmsos1 s`fjj nfs

jofas ft lm`p rossmr pjfdts fdk hd bhojk jhdos1 fdk nfs jofas

rosujthdn brm ` h`porbo lt sofjs mr lmrrmshmd hd wojj tuchdns,

lfshdns, fdk lo`odt gmcs. So`okhfj w mramv or mpor fthmds

semujk co pjfddok h``okhftojy weod teoro hs ovhkodlo

mb fpprolhfcjo jmss mb nfs cotwood teo lm`prosshmd pjfdt

fdk teo rosorvmhr sfdkbflo m r cotwood teo mutbjmw-wojj

sfdkbflo fdk teo pjfdt hdtfao.

Lm`chdfthmd Solmvory Yrmlokuros

Yfrthfj wfto r krhvo-lmdkhthmds mb dfturfj wftor hdbjux ft

rftos tmm jmw tm `fhdtfhd prossuro lm`pjotojy ft teo

koshrok prmkulthmd rftos-lfd oxhst bmr nfs-lmdkod sfto

rosorvmhrs. Hd sule lfsos, mporfthmd `fy co cy pfrthfj

wfto r krhvo fdk kopjothmd, suppjo`odtfj wfto r hdgolthmd,

mr pfrthfj wftor krhvo fdk lyljhdn.

Yrokhlthmd mb rosorvmhr coefvhmr fdk rolmvory udk or

teoso lmdkhthmds roqu hros admwjok no m r fssu`pthmds fcmut

teo fquhbor fdk teo wftor krhvo ht suppjhos. [ehs hdbmr`f-

thmd lfd co kokul ok brm` f stuky mb nomjmnhl lmdkhthmds

fdk ofrjy prmkulhdn ehstmry mb teo rosorvmhr1 sm`oth`o s

teo kokulthmds fro fllurfto, sm`oth`o s dmt. Yrmgolthmdsmb wfto r krhvo `fn dhtuko hdtm teo buturo ft sojoltok rosor-

vmhr prossuro jovojs lfd co `fko cy `otemks kovojmpok

hd Sobs. >3 fdk ><. Hb subbhlhodt ofrjy prmkulhdn ehstmry

mb f rosorvmhr hs fvfhjfcjo, ht lfd usufjjy co `ftleo k (sh`u-

jftok) cy f `fteo` fthlfj rosorvmhr sh`ujfthmd stuky. [eo

buturo coefvhmr mb teo rosorvmhr lfd teod co prokhltok

udkor teo bmjjmwhdn prmkulhdn `otemk s7 (6 ) prmkulhdn

ehstmry fdk ujth`fto rolmvory mb nfs fdk jhquhks udkor pfr-

thfj wfto r krhvo fdk prossuro kopjothmd ft teo sojoltok prm-

kulthmd rfto1 (3) f`mudt m b suppjo`odtfj wftor hdgolthmd

roquhrok tm `fhdtfhd rosorvmhr prossuro bujjy ft teo sojoltok

prossuro jovoj fdk prmkulthmd rfto1 fdk (<) shzo mb lyljhdn

pjfdt roquhrok tm `fhdtfhd prossuro ft teo sojoltok prossuro

jovoj fdk prmkulthmd rfto.

Nodorfj Mporfthdn Yrmcjo`s7 ^ojj

Lefrfltorhsthls fdk Soquhro`odts

Fs whte fdy lm`pjox mporfthmd, nfs-lmdkodsfto rolmv-

ory prmgolts efvo `fdy mporfthdn prmcjo`s. [emso

portfhdhdn tm teo pjfdt, jhdos, fdk mteor surb flo bflhjhthos

fro cost jobt tm oxporhodlo k pjfdt fdk `fhdtodfdlo por-

smddoj, oxl opt fs teoy fbbolt rosorvmhr mporfthmd (o.n.,

lm`pro ssmr-mhj m r lmrrmshmd-prm kults lfrry-mvor hdtm

wojjs). Mporfthdn khbbhlujthos mllurrhdn ft fdk cojmw teo

wojjeofk fro mbtod lmdlords mb teo rosorvmhr odnhdoor fdk

efvo fd h`pmrtfdt cofrhdn md teo obbolthvodoss mb rosor-

vmhr mporfthmd, weo teor cy prossuro kopjothmd mr cy pros-suro `fhdtodfdlo. F`mdn te oso fro teo `fhdtodfdlo mb

hdgolthmd fdk prmkulthmd wojjs hd nmmk `olefdhlfj lmd-

khthmd, te o prmtolthmd mb wojjs fnfhdst oxlosshv o lmrrm shmd,

teo nodorfj `fhdtodfdlo mb wojj hdgolthvhty fdk wojj

prmkulthvhty (wehle fro mbtod hdtorrojftok), fdk teo bmr-

`fthmd mb eykrfto s teft lfd hdtorboro whte teo nodorfj hd-

golthmd fdk/mr prmkulthmd mporfthmd.

^ojj Yrmkulthvhty fdk [osthdn

Ht hs ossodthfj tm `fhdtfhd teo prmkulhdn lfpflhthos mb nfs-

lmdkodsfto wojjs fcmvo `hdh`u` jovojs bmr nmm k olmdm`-

hl porbmr`fdlo. @ule efs cood wrhttod fcmut teo prmkul-

thvhthos mb nfs fdk nfs-lmdkodsf to wojjs, teohr nodorfj

prmkulhdn lefrfltorhsthls, fdk teo mpth`u` `otemks bmr

tosthdn fdk ropmrthdn teohr prmkulthvhthos. Jmss mb prmkul-

thvhty mb nfs-lmdkodsfto wojjs lfd mllur brm` rosorvmhr

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\ <8-3?

prossuro koljhdo (hdljukhdn pmsshcjo obbolts brm` lmdkod-

sfthmd mb jhquhks hd teo rosorvmhr fdk lmdsoquodt rokulthmd

mb obbolthvo nfs por`ofchjhty), brm` teo hdvfshmd mb wftor

hdtm prmkulhdn wojjs, brm` smjhk prolhphtftos hd teo pmro

spflo, brm` bmr`fthmd kf`f no kurhdn wojj ahjjhdn mr

wmramvor mporfthmds, fdk brm` `olefdhlfj bfhjuro mb

kmwd emjo oquhp`o dt. [eo odnhdoor `ust efvo hdkhlos ft

ehs khspmsfj teft semw teo prmkulthvhty ehstmrhos mb wojjs

fdk weo teor prmkulthvhty koljhdo hs oxlosshvo bmr provfhj-

hdn prmkulhdn lmdkhthmds.

Yrmkulthvhty [osthdn. Hd `fahdn prmkulthvhty tosts md

wojjs, mrkorjy wojj-lmdkhthmdhdn fdk mvorfjj tost prmlo-

kuros semujk co usok. fs sunnostok hd Lefp. << mr hd stfd-

kfrks rolm``odkok cy [oxfs, 32 Dow @oxhlm,‐ 

Afdsfs, 35 fdk teo Hdtorstfto Mhj Lm`pflt Lm``hsshmd. 3y

Ht hs lm``md tm uso wojjeofk prossuro s hd kotor`hdhdn

wojj prmkulthvhty (mr hdgolthvhty) lefrfltorhsthls whte fr-

chtrfry lmrrolthmd prmlokuros bmr osth`fthdn CEY‘s brm`

teo mcsorvok surbflo prossu ros. Dm bujjy sfthsbfltmry`otemks efvo cood kovhsok bmr `fahdn fllurfto osth`ftos

mb nfs-lmdkod sfto wojj CEY‘s, ohteor stfthl mr bjmwhdn.

Lfjlujftok stfthl prossuros lfd efvo sorhmus udlortfhdthos

colfuso mb udadmwd f`mudts m b jhquhk eykrmlfrc mds mr

wftor hd teo wojjcmro fdk tuchdn fdk udadmwd to`porf turo

khstrhcuthmd. Lfjlujftok bjmwhdn prossuros lfd efvo ud-

lortfhdthos col fuso mb hdfllurflhos hd teo kotfhjok to`p orf-

turo khstrhcuthmd fdk teo pfrthlujfr brhlthmd  bfltmr fssu`ok

bmr ofle spolhbhl lfso. Joso` or ~6.―~ prmvhko eojpbuj

lefrts bmr fpprmxh`fthdn teo to`por fturo khstrhcuthmd hd

bjmwhdn n fs wojjs. Or rmrs fd k udlortfhdthos mb teo fcmvo

dfturo colm`o wmrso fs wojj koptes hdlrofso. Lmdsoquodt-

jy, bmr cost rosujts, kmwde mjo prossur o `ofsuro` odts whte

fllurfto nfuno s semujk co usok. ^ eoro tehs hs dmt bofsh-cjo, CEY‘s `fy co osth`ftok brm` surbflo prossuro rofk-

hdns bmr nfs-lmdkodsfto wojjs whte cottor fllurfly tefd

hs usufjjy truo bmr mhj wojjs. L efps. << fdk <; khsluss

`otemks bmr `fahdn sule osth`ftos. Bmr teoso `otemks,

`ofsuro k bjuhk prmpor thos (o.n., kodshty) sem ujk co usok

weodov or fvfhjfcjo hd proborod lo tm lfjlujftok mr lmrro-

jfthmd vfjuos.

Bmr nfs fdk nfs-lmdkodsfto wojjs, f pjmt mb stfthl fdk

prmkulhdn CE Y‘s vs. prmkulhdn rftos (hd `hjjhmds mb stfd-

kfrk luchl bo ot por kfy) hs dmt f strfhnet jhdo. \` mmte

lurvos whte ljmsor fpprmxh`fthmds tm strfhnet jhdos lfd

co mctfhdok cy pjmtthdn squfros mb teo stfthl fdk prmkulhdn

wojj CEY‘s (fcsmjuto) vs. prmkulhdn rfto. F rmune fdfjmny

tm mhjwojj c oefvhmr hs teod mctfhdok cy pjmtthdn teo khbbor-

odlos hd squfros m b teo stfthl fdk prmkulhdn prossuros vs.

teo lmrrospmdkhdn prmkulhdn rftos (usufjjy md jmn-jmn

pfpor) . Hb sovorfj prossuro s fro mctfhdok md f wojj ft

khbborodt rftos, teoso prmlokuros km dmt fjwfys yhojk

strfhnet-jhdo rojfthmdsehps (soo Lef p. << fdk Sob. >?)1 

emw ovor, teoy prmvhko ro fsmdfcjo hdkhlos bmr jh`htok ox-

trfpmjfthmd tm buturo w ojj coefvhmr fdk bmr lm`pfrhsmd

mb lurrodt whte pfst wojj coefvhmr. Osth`fthmd mb buturo

wojj prmkulthvhty lfd co `fko cy `mkhbyhdn hdhthfj wojj

prmkulthvhty tm fllmudt bmr teo lefdnos hd rosorvmhr pros-

suro fdk nfs por`ofchjhty fs prossuro koljhdos fdk jhquhk

hs kopmshto k hd teo pmros. Bmr dm jmss mb nfs por`ofchj-

hty, f dow prmkulthvhty jhdo lfd co krfwd md teo pjmt mb

prossuro squfrok vs. rfto, pfrfjjoj tm teo mrhnhdfj prmkul -

thvhty jhdo fdk termune teo squfro mb teo dow stfthl prossuro

sojoltok7 tehs yhojks fd osth`fto mb bjmwhdn rfto bmr fdy

bjmwhdn p rossuro sojoltok. Hb teo mrhnhdfj lurvo bmr rfto

vs. khbborodlo hd squfros mb stfthl fdk bjmwhdn p rossuros

hs usok, rftos lfd co osth`ftok bmr fdy buturo bjmwhdn pros-

suro cy ushdn teo prmpo r (b uturo) stfthl prossuro1 jmw-

por`ofchjhty wojjs wmujk roquhro spolhfj fkgust`odt mb

ofrjhor hsmlermdfj tost kftf mctfhdok (soo Lefp . << fdk

Sob. >.?). [eoso ` otemks yhojk fpprmxh`fthmds mb buturo

prmkulthvhty fs fbboltok cy prossuro koljhdo hd teo fcsodlo

mb bjuhk-pefso fdk vhslmshty lefdnos hd teo rosorvmhr. Hb

nfs por`ofchjhty, a,, hs jhaojy tm co sorhmusjy fbboltok cy

lmdkodsfthmd mb jhqutks hd teo pmros (fdk nfs vhslmshty cy

prossuro koljhdo), teod teo lefdno hd nfs `mchjhty a ,/p,,

`ust co fpprmx h`ftok fdk rfkhfj-bjmw lfjlujfthmds `fko

(soo Lefp. <?) tm osth`fto teo dow prmkulthvhty lurvo lmr-

rospmdkhdn tm teo stfthl prossuro sojoltok bmr prokhlthmd.

Dmr`fjjy, teo twm fbmro`odthmdok typos mb prmkulthvhty

osth`ftos hndmro teo krfwkmwd obbolts mb prmkulthmd md

jhquhk-pefso khstrhcuthmd hd teo rosorvmhr fdk fdy lmdso-

quodt fkkhthmdfj rokulthmd mb nfs por`ofchjhty dofr teo

prmkulhdn wojjs1 `hdh u` lfjlujftok rokulthmd mb prmkul-thvhty semujk, teorobm ro, rosujt brm` teoso twm osth`fthdn

`otemks. Jfrno kovhfthmds brm` sule osth`ftos, cfsok md

f wojj‘s ofrjy lefrfltorhsthls, wmujk hdkhlfto te ft teo wojj

semujk co fdfjyzok bmr prmkulthvhty trmucjos.

Oxlosshvo Yrmkulthvhty Jmss. Hb teo lfpflhty mb f prmkul-

hdn wojj koljhdos fcdmr`fjjy lm`p frok whte teft prokhltok

brm` hts mrhnhdfj prmkulthvhty (hd teo fcsodlo mb oxlosshvo

wftor prmkulthmd), fdk hb fpprolhfcjo jhquhk lmdkodsfthmd

frmudk teo wojjcmro whtehd teo bmr`fthmd hs suspoltok ,

obbmrts tm h`prmvo wojj prmkulthvhty semujk co `fko.

[eoso lmujk hdljuko teo semrt-tor` hdgolthmd mb kry nfs

hdtm teo wojj (sovorfj kfys tm sovorfj wooas) tm ovfpmrfto

pfrt mb teo jhquhk, bmjjm wok cy h``okhfto prmkulthmd tmro`mvo sm`o mb teo vfpmrhzok jhquhk cjmla.

Jmss mb wojj prmkulthvhty lfusok cy oxlosshvo w ftor prm-

kulthmd efs cood khslussok crhobjy. Hd sm`o lfsos, wojj

wmramvor mporfthmds wmujk co gusthbhok tm rokulo mr tm

seut mbb wftor odtry.

Mteo r bfltmrs teft lfd hdbjuodlo wojj prmkulthvhty fro

kopmshts md teo sfdkbflo mr hd teo pmros dofr teo wojj-

cmro, porefps lfusok cy sfjts prolhphtftok brm` rosorvmhr

wftor7 fdy `olefdhlfj kf`fno rosujthdn brm` ahjjhdn teo

wojj bmr pujjhdn oquhp`odt mr wmra mvor7 `olefdhlfj

bfhjuro mb kmwd emjo oquhp` odt1 fdk pmsshcjo eyk rftos (soo

Lef p. < <). Hd lfso mb wojj prmkulthvhty hdgury bmr `olefd-

hlfj rofsmds, lmdvodthmdfj `otem ks mb wojj ropfhr semujk

co udkortfaod md teo cfshs mb teo pfrthlujfr khbbhlujty hd-

vmjvok.

Rfrhmus `ofds fro fvfhjfcjo b mr sth`ujfthdn jmw-

prmkulthvhty wojjs1 soo Lefps. ?; fdk ?? fdk khslusshmds

cy Ljhdaodcofrk ot fj. >2

^ojj Hdgolthvhty

@fhdtodfdlo mb wojj hdgolthvhty hs ossodthfj bmr teo olm-

dm`hl mporfthmd mb lyljhdn prmnrf `s. Hdgolthvhty koljhdo

lfd co lfusok cy sfdkbflo pjunnhdn mr cy cuhjkup mb rosor-

vmhr prossuro.

Jdgolthvhty [osthdn. [eo lefrfltorhzfthmd mb nfs-hdgolthmd

wojjs hs sh`hjfr tm teft bmr nfs-prmkulhdn wojjs. Hd ohteor

lfso, fdfjyshs hs `fko md teo cfshs mb pjmts mb rftos vs.

teo squfros mb CEY‘s mr rftos vs. khbborodlos mb squfros

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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<8-32 YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMM A

mb prossuros. Lmdsoquodtjy, fbtor suhtfcjo wojj lmdkhthmd-

hdn. fs provhmusjy koslrhcok, hdgolthvhty tosthdn semujk lmd-

shst mb f sorhos mb hdgolthmd rftos ft khbborodt prossuros tm

ostfcjhse te o ofrjy hdgolthvhty porbmr`f dlo mb teo wojj

weod w ojj lmdkhthmds fro admwd tm co nmmk fdk teo sfdk-

bflo hs ljofd. Hb bflhjhthos fro dmt fvfhjfcjo bmr mctfhdhdnf rfdno mb hdgolthmd rftos fdk prossuros, ht hs sm`oth`os

flloptfcjo tm mctfhd prmkulthmd rftos fdk prossuros bmr

teo hdgolthmd wojj termune f rofsmdfcjo rfdno fdk uso teo

prossuro-sq ufrok rojfthmdsehp bmr oxtrfpmjfthdn fl rmss teo

zorm-rfto fx hs hdtm ehneor hdgolthmdprossuro rfdnos tm fp-

prmxh` fto wojj lefrfltorhsthls. Yjmts mb prmkulthmd rfto

vs. khbborodlo hd squfros mb prossuro lfd fjsm co fkfpt ok

tm osth`fto jftor wojj-hdgolthvhty coefvhmr.

fnodts hd teo bhojk nfs. \m` oth`os teo uso mb hdtordfjjy

lmftok m r jhdok phpo hs gusthbhok. [eoso fdk mte or lmrrmshmd-

lmdtrmj prmlokuros fro cost lfrrhok mut whte teo eojp mb

f lm`potod t lmrrmshmd odnhdoor.

Fs hd teo lfso mb prmkulhdn wojjs, hb hdgolthvhty koljhdos

whte th o, fdfjyshs m b wojj lmdkhthmds hs roquhrok tm kolhko

weoteor lmrrolthvo prmlokuros semujk co usok. Hb f nfs-

lmdkodsfto rosorvmhr hs cohdn mporftok ossodthfjjy ft lmd-

stfdt prossuro, teod teo mcvhmus hdkox mb hdgolthvhty koljhdo

hs weo teor teo rfto bmr ofle hdgolthmd wojj ro`fhds lmd-stfdt ft teo hdgolthmd-wojj prossuro. Hdgolthmd-rfto koljhdo

ft lmdstfdt w ojj prossuro mr hdgolthmd-prossuro rhso ft lmd-

stfdt hrrgolthmd rfto semw s teft hdgolthvhty hs koljhdhdn.

Lmrrmshmd prmkults teft pjun teo sfdkbflo fro sm`oth`os

ro`mvo k cy cflabjmwhdn teo hdgolthmd wojj tm cjmw teo

`ftorhfj mbb teo sfdk fdk mut mb teo wojj. ^e oro tehs hs

bofshcjo, sule lm`pjoto ro`mvfj mb teo pjunnhdn f nodts

brm` te o cmroemjo hs cojhovok tm co teo cost bmr teo wojj.

Mteor ro`okhos `fy hdljuko trofthdn teo wojj whte hdehcht-

ok eykrmle jmrhl flhk tm khssmjvo teo lmrrmshmd prmku lts.

\m`oth`o s teo flhk hs puseok cfla hdtm teo bmr`fthmd fdk

hdgolthmd hs stfrtok h``okhftojy whtemut cflawfse hdn mr

cflabjmwhdn mb teo wojj. Hb ropofto k porhmkhlfjjy, tehs

prmlok uro hs quosthmdfcjo colfuso ht hs pmsshcjo tm kovojmp

pjunnhdn bfrteor fwfy b rm` teo wojj bflo teft lmujk ujth-

`ftojy ehdkor hdgolthmd fdk co khbbhlujt tm lmrrolt.

Du`cor mb ^ojjs Soquhrok

Hdgolthmd-^ojj Yjunnhdn. Yjunnhdn mb teo sfdkbflo lfd

mllur hd hdgolthmd wojjs. [ehs `fy rosujt brm` jhquhk lfrry-

mvor brm` teo lm`p rossmrs (prmcfcjy jucrhlfthdn mhj lm`-

pmdodts) mr brm` lmrrmshmd prmku lts brm` surbflo jhdos

mr wojj oquhp`odt.

Lfrry-mv or mb jucrhlfthdn mhjs brm` lm`prossmrs lfd co

sorhmus. _sufjjy. teo ro`oky hs tm hdstfjj ehne-obbhlhodly

fbtorlmm jors, slruccors, fdk/mr `hst oxtrfltm rs md teo khs-

lefrno shk o mb teo lm`p rossmrs. F pfrthlujfrjy oj‘bolthvo

lm`chdfthmd bmr tehs hs teo uso mb ‚krhps‐ mr lmjjoltmrs,bmjjmwok cy pjfto mr slrood h`pflthmd-typo `hst ojhtdhdf-

tmrs. bmjjmw ok cy lm`chdfthmd bhcrmus fdk whro-`ose bhjtor

ojo`odts.

[eo du`cor mb wojjs usok hd oxpjmhthdn nfs-lmdkodsftorosorvmhrs efs vfrhok brm` teo oquhvfjodt mb joss tefd H29

flros/wojj tm `mro tefd 2;9 flros/wojj. Coddott‐ khs-

lussok teo nodorfj prmcjo` fdk pmhdtok mut teft teo bhrst

wojjs fro ‚krhjjok tm kotor`hdo teo uppor fdk jmwo r jh`hts

mb lmdkodsfto prmkulthmd1 tm kotor`hdo teo oxtodt mb teo

pmmj, teo dot pfy, tehladoss, pmrmshty. otl.1 fdk tm prmvhko

suhtfcjo prm kulthmd mr hdgolthmd wojjs tm bht f bhdfj pft-

tord,‐ wehle whjj dmt dolossfrhjy efvo f ronujfr nom`otrh-

lfj koshnd.

^eod jhquhk-cjmlahdn mb teo sfdk frmudk fd hdgolthmd

wojjcmro lfddmt co rojhovok cy cflabjmwhdn (fs `odthmdok

jftor), lmdshkorfthmd lfd co nhvod tm ‚sjunnhdn‐ teo wojj

whte suhtfcjo vmjfthjo smjvodts. [eo smjvodt usok semujk

proborfcjy co `hslhcjo w hte cmte teo dmr`fj hdgolthmd nfs

fdk teo jhquhk teft hs suspoltok tm co cjmlahdn teo pmros.

^ehjo prmpfdo hs f nmmk smjvodt bmr `fdy eykrmlfrcmd

jhquhks, sm` o jucrhlfthdn mhjs efvo lmdsthtuodts dmt smjucjo

mr `hslhcjo whte prmpfdo. Hd teoso lfsos, mteor smjvodts

(pmsshcjy dmdeykrmlfrcmds) semujk co usok. \m`oth` os

smjvodt hdgolthmd hs bmjjmwok h``okhftojy cy rosu`pthmdmb kry-nfs hdgolthmd. Hb sullossbuj, tehs khssmjvos pfrt mr

fjj mb teo jhquhk cjmla fdk sprof ks mut teo `ftorhfjs hd

teo rosorvmhr subbhlhodtjy tm rojhovo teo prmcjo`. Hd mteor

lfsos, te o smjvodt hs hdgoltok hdtm teo bmr`fthmd bmr semrt

porhmks fdk teod prmkulok cfla mut tm prmvhko f typo mb

wfsehdn hdtodkok tm ro`mvo teo jhquhk fllu`ujfthmd brm`

teo bmr`fthmd.

[eo du`cor mb wojjs tm co krhjjok bmr nfs-lmdkodsfto

mporfthmds `ust co fdfjyzok bmr ofle spolhbhl lfso. H`-

pmrtfdt bfltm rs tm co lmdshkorok fro (H) l mdtrflt lm``ht-

`odts tm kojhvor nfs fdk prmku lts, (3) lfpflhty mb pjfdt

tm co sorvok, (<) prmkulthvhthos fdk hdgolthvhthos mb teowojjs, (;) `fxh`u` prfl thlfj pfttord (&\-w ohnetok) ob-

bhlhodlhos, lmdtrmjjok cy du`cor fdk jmlfthmd mb wojjs

(rosorvmhr nom`otry hs fd h`pmrtfdt lmdshkorfthmd),

(?) f`mudt mb rolmvorfcjo eykrmlfrc mds fdk teohr vfjuo,

fdk (2) prmgolt lmsts, hdljukhdn wojj-kovojmp`odt lmsts.

Hto`s < termun e ? `ust co cfjfdlok fnfhdst Hto`s 6. 3,

fdk 2 tm odsuro teft teo olmdm`hl mcgolthvos fdk lmdtrflt

lm``ht`odts mb teo prmgolt fro `ot. Hb wojjs fro jmw hd

lfpflhty, oxtrf w ojjs `fy co dookok tm `oot prmkulthmd

roquhro`odts kurhdn p orhmks mb wojj ropfhr mr wmra mvor.

Olmdm`hls mb Nfs Lmdkodsfto

Sosorvmhr Mporfthmd

Lmrrmshmd prmkults brm` stooj jhdos cotwood lm` prossmr

khslefrno fdk teo sfdkbflo lfd fjsm prmvhko sorhmus wojj

pjunnhdn. Fjj wojj phphdn fdk lfshdn fdk fjj surbflo jhdos

semujk co ljofdok temr munejy cobmro teoy fro hdstfjjok tm

fvort fs `ule fs pmsshcjo te o trfdspmrtfthmd mb bhdo lmr-

rmshmd prmkul ts tm teo sfdkbflo weod hdgolthmd stfrts. Bmr

lmdthduok prmtolthmd kurhdn teo jhbo mb hdgolthmd oquhp-

`odt, jhquhk lfrry-mvor fdk `hst-ojh`hdfthmd `ofsuros

semujk co lm`chdok whte fkoqufto lmdtrmj mb lmrrmshvo

Frteur‐ fdk Cmftrhn et fdk Khxmd> 8 pucjhseok khslus-

shmds md teo olmdm`hls mb lyljhdn nfs-lmdkod sfto rosor-

vmhrs. Frteur lmd ljukok teft teo `mst prmbhtfcjo `otem k

mb mporfthmd kopodk s md `fdy bfltm rs. fdk teo fdswor lfd-

dmt co nodorfjhzok. [eo bmjjmwhdn bfltmrs fkfptok brm`

Frteur‘s jhst fro lmdshkorok h`pmrtfdt.

6. Sosorvmhr bmr`fthmd fdk bjuhk lefrfltorhsthls, hdljuk-

hdn mllurrodlo mr fcsodlo mb cjfla mhj, shzo mb rosorvos

mb prmku lts, prmpor thos fdk lm`pmshthmd mb rosorvmhr

eykrmlfrc mds, prmkulthvhthos fdk hdgolthvhthos mb wojjs,

por`ofchjhty vfrhfthmd (lmdtrmjs teo konro o mb cypfsshdn

mb hdgoltok nfs), fdk konroo mb dfturfj wftor krhvo oxhsthdn.

3. Sosorvmhr kovojmp`od t fdk mporfthdn lmsts.

<. Yjfdt hdstfjjfthmd fdk mporfthdn lmsts.

;. @fraot ko`fdk bmr nfs fdk jhquhk potrmjou`

prmfults.

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/39-gas-condensate-reservoir 27/28

NF\-LMDKOD\F[O SO\OSRMHS\

?. Buturo rojfthvo vfjuo mb teo prmkults.

2. Oxhstodlo mr fcsodlo m b lm`poththvo prmkulhdn lmd-

khthmds cotwood mporf tmrs hd teo sf`o rosorvmhr.

>. \ovorfdlo , fk vfjmro`, fdk hdlm`o tfxos.

5. \polhfj efzfrks mr rhsas (jh`htok lmdlosshmd mr jofso

jhbo, pmjhthlfj ljh`fto, fdk mteors) .

8. Mvorfjj olm dm`hl fdfjyshs.

Hd lemmshdn cotwood prossuro kopjothmd fdk prossuro

`fhdtodfdlo fs mporfthdn `otem ks bmr f nfs-lmdkod sfto

rosorvmhr, kotfhjok fd fjysos `ust co `fko bmr prokhlthdn

mpth`u` olmd m`hls. Lyljhdn fdk nfs prmlosshdn prmlo-

kuros roquhro shzfcjo pjfdt oxpodkhturos. Ymsshcjo prml-

osshdn `otemks, weoteor rosorvmhr bjuhks fro lyljok mr dmt,

hdljuko stfchjhzfthmd. lm`prosshmd , fcsmrpthmd, fdk brfl-

thmdfthmd. [ eo jfst twm rolmvor fpprolhfcjy `mro lmdkods-

fcjos brm` wot nfs tefd km teo bhrst twm. Hb teo ro`mvfj

mb otefdo brm` f nfs strof` hs koshrfcjo bmr olmdm`hl mr

mteor rofsmds, brflthmdfthmd semujk co usok.

^eod rosorvmhr lefrfltorhsthls fppofr bfvmrfcjo bmr

rolmvory mb lmdkodsfcjo eykrmlfrc mds, ht `ust co lmd-

shkorok weoteor lyljhdn w mujk co olmdm`hlfj. [eo

prh`fry lm`pfrhsmd hs cotwood vfjuo mb teo osth`ftok fk-

khthmdfj rolm vory mb jhquhk prmku lts cy lyljhdn fdk teo

fltufj lyljhdn l msts, tfahdn hdtm fllmudt kobo r`odt mb nfs

hdlm`o fdk mteor bfltmrs. Olmdm` hl fdfjysos mb lyljhdn

fdk dmdlyljhdn fro roquhrok fdk `ust co lfrrhok mut hd

kotfhj bmr `fxh`u` kopodkfchjhty whte hdbmr`fthmd bfl-

tmrs fdk fssu`pthmds porthdodt tm ofle pfrthlujfr lfso.

Nodorfj hdbmr`fthmd md vfjufthmd mb mhj fdk nfs prmpo r-

thos hs nhvod hd Lefp . ;6.

Olmdm` hl lm`pfr hsmds fro mb dm vfjuo udjoss rofsmdf-

cjy fllurfto pro khlthmds mb peyshlfj rosorvmhr coefvhmr lfd

co `fko. Lmdsoquodtjy. hd teo nfs-lmdkod sfto rosorvmhr

lfso. teo hdbmr`fthmd nhvod provhmusjy wmujk efvo tm cooxpfdk ok tm hdljuko sleoku jos mb fddufj prmkulthmd fdk

hdgolthmd vmju` os korhvok brm` teo peyshlfj lefrfl torhsthls

mb teo rosorvmhr fdk brm` teo oxtordfj bfltmrs teft wmujk

fbbolt prmkulthmd rftos. \leokujos mb hdvost`odt, fdthlh-

pftok prhlos mb prmkults. mporfthdn lmsts, fdk tfxos wmujk

fjsm co roquhrok tm lm`pjo to teo kotfhjok hdbmr`fthmd dook-

ok tm `fao lm`pfrfthvo olmdm`hl fdfjysos.

Dm`odljfturo

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O, 0

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frof6 swoop obbhlhodly

khspjflo`odt obbhlhodly

hdvfshmd obbhlhodlypfttord (e;.?wohnetok) obbhlhodly

rosorvmhr lyljhdn obbhlhodly

vmju`otrhl swoo p obbhlhodly

dot pfy tehladoss, bt

por`ofchjhty. `k

rojfthvo por`ofchjhty tm nfs, brflthmd

rojfthvo por`ofc hjhty tm mhj, brflthmd

oquhjhcrhu` rfthm

prossuro, psh

eykrmlfr cmd bjuhk sfturfthmd mb teo pmro

spflo, %‘

jfyor du`cor

kovhfthmd bfltmr (lm`prosshchjhty bfltmr)

nfs vhslmshty, lp

mhj vhslmshty, lp

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; 0 pmrmshty, U

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K~,qhrzorrhrjn Kfhlr Cmma. dhdte okHthmd. Nfs Yrmlossmrs \uppjhors

Fstd. fdk Dfturfj Nfs Fssd. mb F`orhlf. [ujsf. MA (6856).

Aftz. K .J. fdk Szfff. @ .G. 7 C&jhmnrtrpeG .b hw Yewhlk Cf/wZ=mr

mb Ew/`lfrcm ds _dkor Yrr.wurr `k Srjmrrrj Yer~rm`v~~r. G ^.

Okwfrks Yucjhseor Hdl.. Fdd Frcmr (68;2).

Nodorlrj Hdko.~ tm Y`mjru ` Yuejrlrrthm` mb \YO-FH@O. \YO,

SHlefrksmd, [U (6836-5?) 6 ?.

bdrbo.r l~Kh~~hshmrh mb‘Yrmkulrhmd Yrqwrs. 683 >- 68?<. FYH. Do w Xmra

Lhty (68?;).

\jmfd. G.Y.7 ‚Yefso Coefvhmr mb Dfturfj Nfs fdk Lmdkodffto

\ysto`s.‐ Yot. Oq. (Boc. 68?9) 33. Dm. 3. C-?;-5-2;.

Kmksmd, L.S. fdk \tfdkhdn. @.C.7 ‚Yrokhlthmd mb Rmju`otrhl fdk

Yefso Coefvhmr mb Dfturfjjy Mllurrq Eykrmlfrcm d \ysto`s.‐

Krhjj. trdk Y`lj. Yrul~.. FYH (68; H) <32-;9.

Mrnfdhla. O.J.7 ‚Yrokhlthmd mb Lrht hlfj [o`porfturos fdk Lrht hlfj

Yrossuros mb Lm`pjo x Eykrmlfrcmd @hxturos.‐ Ljhrw. &q. Yrqq.

(68?<) ;8, Dm. 2, 56-8>.

Lfrr. D.J.. Amcfyfseh, S .. fdk Currmws. K.C.7 ‚Rjsldshty mb

Eykrmlfrcm d Nfsos _dkor Yrossuro.‐ G. Yor. [kz. (Mlt. 68?;)

;>-??7 [hww.. FH@O. 396.

Leow, G.D. fdk Lmddfjjy, L.F. Gr.7 ‚F Rhslmshty L mrrojft`d bmr

Nfs-\fturftok L ruko Mhjs.‐ [rlrd.s.. FH@O (68.?8) 362. 3<-3?.

‚FYH Solm``odkok Yrflt hlo bmr \f`pjhdn Yotrmjou` Sosorvmhr

Bjuhks.‐ FYH SY ;;. bhrst oktthmd. Kfjjfs (Gfd. 6822)

Cmla-Yrl~ssurz [osr bmr HR&~& Lm.Z j+―l,j/Z [oxfs Sfhjrmfk

Lm``hsshmd. Fusthd (685?).

@utzufj bmr Cfla Ywssuw [lsr,bh~r Duru` j Nrrs ^o//.Z, Dow @oxhlm

Mhj Lmdsorvfthmd Lm`` hsshmd. \fdtf Bo (6822).

@uduuj mbCuk Yrossurl~ [lkdf rb Nfv ^~,h/s. Afdsfs \tfto Lmrp.

Lm``hsshmd, [mpoaf (68?8).

F \u,qp~bok @u` uk bmr \tfdkurtjula- Yw wul [l.vhqq @`‘`j.~

Hdtorstfto Mhj Lm`p flt Lm``hsshmd . Majfem`f Lhty (6852).

^ehtsmd. L.E.7 ‚Lefrfltorhzhdn Eykrmlfrcm d Yjus BrflthmdZ.‐

pfpor O_S H5< prosodtok ft teo 6859 \YO Ourmpofd Mbbsemro Yl-

trmjou` Lmdborodlo fdk Oxehcht hmd. Jmdkmd. Mlt. 3 H-3;.

^ftsmd, A.@.. Dojsmd. O.B.. fdk @urpey. N.C.7 ‚Lefrfltorhzfthmd

db Yotrmjou` Brflthmds.‐ bdlj. , A. Lerw. 668<?) 3>. 6;29-2;.

7/22/2019 39 - Gas Condensate Reservoir

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<8-35 YO[SMJO_@ ODNHDOOSHDN EFDKCMMA

<3. Embb`fd , F.O.. Nru` p, G.\.. fdk Emlmtt. LS.7 ‚Oquhjhcrddd Lmd-

stfdts bmr f Nfs-Lmdk odsfto \ ysto`,‐ [rfds., FH@O (68?<) 685.

j-69.

<<. Lmma, F.C., ^fjao r, L.G., fdk \podlor, N.C.7 ‚Sofjhsthl A Rfjuos

MbL,, Eykrmlfrcm ds bmr Lfjlujfthdn Mhj Rfpmrhzfthmd Kurhdn Nfs

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[rf`.. FH@O. 3;2.

Do`ote. J.A. fdk Aoddoky. E .[.7 ‚F Lmrrojfthmd mb Klwp mhdt

Yrossuro ^hte Bju hk Lm`pmshthmd fdk [o`porfturo.‐ \mt. Yor. Odx.

H. (Gudo 68 2>) 88-69;.

Fjjod. B.E. fd k Smo, S.Y.7 ‚Yorbmr`fdlo Lefrfltorhsthls mb f

Rmju`otrhl Lmdkods fto Sosorvmhr,‐ [rfds., FH@O (68?9) 658,

5<-89.

Corry`fd, G.O.7 ‚Yrokhltok Yorbmr`fdlo mb f Nfs-Lmdk odsfto

\ysto`. ^fsehd ntmd B hojk, Jmuhshfdf,‐ G. Yor. [ole. (Fprhj 68?>)

693-9>7 >-ruds.. FH@O, 369.

Smkno rs, G.A., Efrrhsmd. D.E.. fdk Sonhor, \.7 ‚Lm`p frhsmd Co-

~wood eo Yrokhltok fdk Fltufj Yrmk ulthmd Ehstmry mb f Lmdkodsf to

Sosorvmhr.‚G. Yor. [ole. (Gudo 68?5) 63>-<67 [rfds., FH@O. 36<.

Sokjhle, 9. fdk Awmdn, G.D.\.7 ‚Md teo [eor`mky df`hls mb

\mjuthmds R. fd Oqufthmd mb \tfto Bufflhthos mb Nfsomus \mjuthmds.‐

Leo`. Sovhow (68;8) ;;. 3<<. -

Yodn. K.X. fdk Smchdsmd, K.C.7 ‚F D ow [wm-Lmd stfdt Oqufthmd

mb \tfto.‐ Hdk. Odn. Leu` Budkf`odtfjs (68>2) 6?. 6?-?8.@frthd, G.G.7 ‚Luchl Oqufthmds mb \tfto-^ehle=‐ Hdk. NH,~. Ler`.

Budkf`odtfjs (@fy 68>8) 65, 56,

Yotrmjou` Lmdsorvfbhmd, \.O. Culajoy ob fj. (oks.), FH@O, Dow

Xmra Lhty (68?6).

Nobbod. [.@. I fj.7 ‚Obthlhodly mb Nfs Khspjflo` odt Brm` Ymrmus

@okhf cy Jhquhk Bjmmkhdn.‐ [rfds., FH@O (68?3) 68?, 38-<5.

Xustor, \.[.7 ‚[eo S oefchjhtfthmd mb Krmwd ok Nfs ^ojjs,‐ Krhjj.

fdk Yrmk. Yrfl.. FYH ( 68;2) 398- 62.

Coddott. O.D. fdk Fuvldsehdo. ^ .J.7 ‚Kowftorhdn mb Nfs ^ojjs,‐

Krhjj. fdk Yrmk. Yrfl.. FYH (68?2) 33;-<9.

Kuddhdn, E.D. f dk Ofahd, G.J.7 ‚Bmf`hdn Fnodts frl Jmw-Lm st

[roft`odt bmr [hrok Nf ssors.‐ Mhj fdk NfsG. (Boc. 3. 68?8) ?>.

Dm. 2, 695-69.

Cftos, N.M., Ahj`or, G.^., fdk \ehrjoy, E.[.7 ‚Ohnet Xofrs mb

Oxporhodlo whte Hdort Nfs Oquhp`o dt.‐ pfpor ?>-YO[-<; prosodtok

ft teo 68?> F\@O Yotrmjou` @ olefdhlfj Odnhdoo r`n Lmdborodlo.

\opt.

Cfrstmw, ^ .B.7 ‚Bmurtood Xofrs mb Yrmnross td Lftfjythl [rofthdn

mb Oxefust Nfs.‐ pfpor \YO ;?> prosodtok ft teo 68>< \YO Fddufj

@oothdn. Jfs Ronfs, \opt. <9-Mlt. <.

Olahos. ^.^. fdk Emjkod, ^.^ .7 ‚_dhquo Odefdlok Mhj fdk Nfs

Solmvory Yrmgolt bmr Rory Ehn e Yrossuro ^hjlmx \fdks _sos

Lrymnodhl Dhtrmnod fdk @otefdo @hxturo,‐ pfpor \YO 8;6?

prosodtok ft teo 6859 \YO Fddufj [oledhlfj Lmdborodlo fdk

Oxehcht hmd, Kfjjfs. \opt. 36-3;.

@msos, Y.J. fdk ^hjsmd, A.7 ‚Yefso Oquhjhcrhu` Lmdshkorfthmds

hd _thjhzhdn Dhtrmnod bmr H`prmvok Solmvory B rm` Sotrmnrfko

Lmdkodsfto Sosorvmhrs,‐ pfpor \YO >;8< prosodtok ft teo 68>5

\YO Fddufj [oled hlfj Lmdborodlo fdk Oxehcht hmd, Emustmd. Mlt.

j-;.

Yotorsmd, F.R.7 ‚Mpth`fj Solmvory Oxporh`odts w hte Dz fdk

lm, Z.‘ Yot. Odx. Hdrj. (Dmv. 68>5) ;9-?9.

‚Yeyshlfj Yrmp&os mb Dhtrmnod bmr _so hd Yotrmjou` Sosorvmhrs,‐

OuQ/. 6 Fhr Yrmkul ts fdk Leo` hlfj Hdl.. Fjjodtmwd. YF (68>>).

^hjsmd, A.7 ‚Od efdlok-Solm vory Hdort Nfs Yrmlossos Lm` pfrok,‐

966 fdk Nfs G. (Gujy <6, 68>5) 623->3.

Kmdmemo. L.^. fdk Culefdfd, S.K.7 ‚O lmdm`hl Ovfjufthmd mb

Lyljhdn Nfs-Lmdkodsf to Sosorvmtrs ^hte Dhtrmnod.‐ pfpor \YO

>;8; prosodtok ft teo 68>5 \YO Fddufj [o ledhlfj Lmdborodlo fdk

Oxehcht hmd, Emustmd, Mlt. 6-;.

>?. [oa. @.S. 6Nrmvo, @.J., fdk Ymltt`fdd. B.E.7 ‚@ otemk bmr Yro-

khlthdn teo Cfla-Yrossuro Coefvhmr mb Jmw Yor` ofchjhty Dfturfj

Nfs ^ojjs,‐ G. Yot. [ole. (Dmv. 68?>) <93-987 [ruds.. FH@O, 369.

>2. L jhdaodcofrk. Y., Cmzo`fd, G.B., fdk Kfvhksmd. S.K.7 ‚Nfs ^ojj

\th`ujfthmd Hdlrofsos Yrmkulthmd fdk Yrmbhts,‐ G. Yor. [ole. (Dmv.

68?5) 36-3;.

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` [oxfs. Lmjjono \tfthmd, [U (68?2). lj`n.‐ Krhjj. fdk Yrmk. Yrf`., FYH (68;6) 336-3>.

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CrhdaHly, [.^.. ‚Lfjlujfthmd mb Sfto fdk _jth`fto Solmvory brm`

Nfs Lmdkodsf to Sosorvmhrs.‐ pfpor 6935-N prosodtok ft teo 68?5

\YO Yotrmjou` L mdborodlo md Yrmkulthmd fdk Sosorvmhr Odnhdoor-

hdn.‐ [ujsf, MA, @frle 39-3 H.

Yfttmd, L.O. Gr.7 ‚Ovfjufthmd mb Yrossuro @ftdtodfdlo cy Hdtordfj

Nfs Hdgolthmd hd Rmju`otrhlfjjy Lmdtrmjjok Slslrvmhrs.‐ [rrr,r.s..

FH@O (68;>) 6>9, 663-??.

FYH \tfdkhdn \uclm``httoo md \olmdkfry Solmvory @otemks, Lhrl.

K-38;. FYH (@frle 68;8) Fppodk hx C

@frsefjj, K.J. fdk Mjhvor, J.S.7 ‚\m`o _sos fdk Jh`htfthmds 96

@mkoj \tukhos hd Lyljhdn,‐ [ruds., FH@O (68;5) 6>;. 2>-5>.

Lfjemud, G.L. Gr.7 Bhtdkfrdodrfjs r Srsrrwhr OdAhdoorrdU, _. mb

Majfem`f Yross. Dmr`f d (68?<) <?5, <>;.

Emla, S.J.7 ‚Kotor`hdf thmd mb Lyljhdn Obbhlhodlhos hd Lmttmd

Rfjjoy Bhojk Nfs Sosorvmhr,‐ Mhj fjrk Nus G. (Dmv. ;, 68;5) ;>.

Dm. 3>, 2<-88.

Lfjemud. G.L. Gr.7 ‚F Sosu` o mb teo Bfltmrs Nmvordhdn

Hdtorprotfthmd mb ^ftorbjmmk Yorbmr`fdlo,‐ pfpor prosodtok ft teo

68?2 \YO-FH@O Dmrte [oxfs \olthmd \olmdkfry Solmvory

\y`pms hu`, ^hle htf Bfjjs, Dmv. 68-39.

Yhrsmd, \.G.7 Mhj Sosorvmhr O`nhdrorhdn, @lNrfw-Ehj j Cmma Lm.

Hdl.. Dow Xmra Lhty (68?5) ;92.

\tojzor, S.C.7 ‚@mkoj \tuky vs. Bhojk Yorbmr`fdlo Lyljhdn teo

Yfjuxy Lmdkodsfto Sosorvmhr,‐ Krhjj. udk Yrmk. Yrur., FYH (68?2)

<<2-;3.

@usaft, @.7 ‚Obbolt mb Yor`ofchjhty \trfthb hlfthmd hd Lyljhdn Mp -

orfthmds,‐ [rfds., FH@O (68;8) 6> 8. < 6<-35.

\tfdkhdn. @.C., Jhdcjfk. O.D.. fdk Yfrsmds. S.J.7 ‚Lfjlujftok

Solmvorhos cy Lyljhdn brm` f Sotrmnrfk o S osorvmhr mb Rfrhfcjo

Yor`ofchjhty,‐ [rfds., FH@O (68;5) 6>;, 62?-89.

@hjjor, @.N. fdk Jodts, @.S.7 ‚Yorbmr`fdlo mb Cmklfw Sosorvmhr.

Lmttmd Rfjjoy Bhojk Lyljhdn Yrmgolt, D ow @otemks mb Yrokhlthdn

Nfs-Lmdko dsfto Sosorvmhr Yorbmr`fdlo _dkor Lyljhdn Mporfthmds

Lm` pfrok tm Bhojk Kftf.‐ Krhjj. fdk Yrmk. Yrfl.. FYH (H 8;2)

635-;8.Jfw, G.7 ‚F \tfthsthlfj Fpprmf le tm teo Hdtorfttt hfj Eotormnodohty

mb \fdk Sosorvmhrs,‐ [rfds.. FH@O (68;?) 6??, 393-33.

Eurst, ^. fdk vfd Ovorkhdnod . F.B.7 ‚Yorbmr`fdlo mb Khsthjjfto

Sosorvmhrs hd Nfs Lyljhdn,‐ [rfds., FH@O (68;2) 62.?, <2-?6.

Lfrkw ojj. ^ .[. Gr. fdk Yfrsmds, S.J.7 ‚Fvorfno Yor`lfctettos

mb Eotormnodomus Mhj \fdks,‐ [rlr,~s., FH@O (68;?) 629, <;-;3

\eojkmd, ^.L.7 ―*Lfjlujfthdn Solmvory cy Lyljtdn f Sotrmnrfko

Lmdkodsf to Sosorvmhr,‐ .H. Yoj. [ole. (Gfd 68.?8) 38-<;.

Lmfts, A.E.7 ‚\h`ujfthmd mb Nfs Lmdkodsf to Sosorvmhr Y orbmr`-

fdlo.‐ pfpor \YO 69?63 prosodtok ft teo 6853 \YO Sosorvmhr

\h`ujfthmd \y`pms hu`. Dow Mrjofds. Gfd. < H-Boc. <.

Eurst, ^.7 ‚^ftor Hdbjux hdtm f Sosorvmhr fdk Hts Fppjhlfthmd tm

teo Oqufthmd mb Rmju`otrhl Cfjfdlo,‐ [rlrrhs.. FH@O (68;<) 6?6.

?>->3.><. vfd Ovorkhdnod , F.B. fdk Eurst, ^.7 ‚Fppjhlfthmd mb Jfpjflo

[rfdsbmr`fthmd tm Bjmw Yfttords hd Sosorvmhrs.‐ [rf`Z. . FH@O

(68;8) 652, <9?-3;.

>;. Joso`, J.C. ot fh. 7 ‚F @otemk mb Lfjlujfthdn teo Khstrhcuthmd mb

[o`porfturo hd Bjmwhdn Nfs ^ojjs,‐ G. Yor. [ole. (Gudo 68?>)

628->21 [rfds., FH@O, 369.