38th Edition, Gray’s Anatomy (1995) Churchill Livingstone

The integumentary system : SKIN + APPENDAGES

D. Nails, Horns and Hooves

1. Protection2. Made of keratin

(like epidermis and hair)

Daytona Community College, Dr. Doolin (2003)

Where Nails Grow

38th Edition, Gray’s Anatomy (1995) Churchill Livingstone

matrix, primates, grip

Claws and Talons

Amniotes: mammals, birds and reptiles and even in some amphibians (African Clawed frog)

curved, birds, mammals

HoovesUngulates:

ungulates

Horse’s Hooves

frog, digital cushion

Atrophy and Dysmorohism in Domestication

Horns and Antlers

http://www.fullpassport.com/Trip2000/afphoto/rhinohead.jpg

http://www.honoluluzoo.org/images/rhino_horn.jpg

bone + skin

mammals, dinosaurs and extinct turtles

Bovidae : cattle, antelope, sheep, goats, bison, wildebeasts

cornified, life, cattle, antelope, sheep, goats, bison, widebeasts

Elk with “Velvet” on antlers

http://www.nps.gov/yell/tours/thismonth/june2004/images/velvetelk.jpg

http://www.caneva.ca/images/photo_elk.gifCervidae: deer, elk moose

velvet, vascular, shed annually, deer, elk, moose

Elk with Velvet & Without

http://www.elkcompany.us/images/June,_04_037_cropped1.jpg

http://www.nps.gov/yell/tours/thismonth/june2004/images/velvetelk.jpg

Baleen of Whales

http://www.zoo.ufl.edu/courses/vertzoo/Images/Mammallab/baleen.jpg

epidermis and dermal papillae, mysticete

Epidermal Scales and Dermal Armor

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ingredients-hagfish-slime-revealed

aquatic, terrestrial

Mucus

Color

melanophore, iridophore, xanthophore, erythrophore,

differential reflection and light scattering

http://protist.biology.washington.edu/dparichy/choprae.jpg

http://notexactlyrocketscience.files.wordpress.com/2006/12/mathger_lpealeii2.jpg

flounder

dermal versus epidermal melanophores