Stormy SixtiesStormy Sixties��President Kennedy launches his New Frontier. His domestic program addresses President Kennedy launches his New Frontier. His domestic program addresses education, health care, and equal employment opportunities. He also calls for a education, health care, and equal employment opportunities. He also calls for a more vigorous space program. His foreign policy has some successes and failures.more vigorous space program. His foreign policy has some successes and failures.

��Lyndon Johnson finishes out JFK’s term and wins election in his own right. Lyndon Johnson finishes out JFK’s term and wins election in his own right. Johnson launches an ambitious program, the Great Society, designed to address Johnson launches an ambitious program, the Great Society, designed to address Johnson launches an ambitious program, the Great Society, designed to address Johnson launches an ambitious program, the Great Society, designed to address poverty and a multitude of other societal problems. However, Johnson struggles poverty and a multitude of other societal problems. However, Johnson struggles with foreign policy, eventually wearing down from the Vietnam War.with foreign policy, eventually wearing down from the Vietnam War.

��The 1960’s is a turning point in the civil rights movement (for blacks, women, The 1960’s is a turning point in the civil rights movement (for blacks, women, Native Americans, and gays). Concurrently, people begin to challenge what they Native Americans, and gays). Concurrently, people begin to challenge what they view as oppressive cultural, social, and moral norms of American society; some view as oppressive cultural, social, and moral norms of American society; some even identify with the “counterculture.” Seeing the direction the nation is taking as even identify with the “counterculture.” Seeing the direction the nation is taking as secular and valueless, many turn to Christian fundamentalism.secular and valueless, many turn to Christian fundamentalism.

I. JFK’s “New Frontier”I. JFK’s “New Frontier”

A.A. Camelot AdministrationCamelot Administration1.1. CabinetCabinet2.2. Fragile Democratic majoritiesFragile Democratic majorities

B.B. Domestic AgendaDomestic Agenda1.1. InflationInflation

a.a. Noninflationary wage Noninflationary wage a.a. Noninflationary wage Noninflationary wage agreement (steel industry)agreement (steel industry)

b.b. Lower taxesLower taxes

2.2. Space RaceSpace Race3.3. Civil Rights StruggleCivil Rights Struggle

a.a. CORE Freedom Riders, 1961CORE Freedom Riders, 1961b.b. James Meredith, 1962James Meredith, 1962c.c. Showdown in Birmingham Showdown in Birmingham d.d. U of Alabama and M. EversU of Alabama and M. Everse.e. March on WA, 1963March on WA, 1963

I. JFK’s “New Frontier” (cont.)I. JFK’s “New Frontier” (cont.)

C. Challenges New FrontierC. Challenges New Frontier1.1. EuropeEurope

1.1. Berlin Wall, 1961Berlin Wall, 19612.2. Trade Expansion Act, 1962Trade Expansion Act, 19623.3. DeGaulleDeGaulle

2.2. “Flexible Response” in Indochina“Flexible Response” in Indochinaa.a. LaosLaosb.b. Green Berets (652 to 16,000)Green Berets (652 to 16,000)c.c. Diem failed reforms led to assassinationDiem failed reforms led to assassinationc.c. Diem failed reforms led to assassinationDiem failed reforms led to assassination

3.3. Latin AmericaLatin America1.1. Alliance for ProgressAlliance for Progress--$20B$20B2.2. “Bay of Pigs”“Bay of Pigs”3.3. Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

D.D. Successes of New FrontierSuccesses of New Frontier1.1. Peace CorpsPeace Corps2.2. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 19633.3. American University Speech: “peaceful American University Speech: “peaceful

coexistence”coexistence”

II. Johnson’s Domestic ProgramII. Johnson’s Domestic ProgramA.A. Great Society CongressGreat Society Congress

1.1. 2424thth AmendmentAmendment2.2. Civil Rights Act, 1964Civil Rights Act, 1964

a.a. EEOC discrimination in hiringEEOC discrimination in hiringb.b. Race and gender discriminationRace and gender discrimination

3.3. Immigration Act, 1965Immigration Act, 19654.4. Voting Rights Act, 1965Voting Rights Act, 1965

B.B. Great Society PresidentGreat Society President1.1. “Affirmative Action” by Executive “Affirmative Action” by Executive

Order, 1965Order, 19652.2. War on PovertyWar on Poverty2.2. War on PovertyWar on Poverty

a. Head Start, HUD, Medicarea. Head Start, HUD, Medicare

3.3. Office of Economic OpportunityOffice of Economic Opportunity4.4. Nat. Endowment of Arts & HumNat. Endowment of Arts & Hum

C.C. Impact of Great SocietyImpact of Great Society1.1. Entitlement Programs (Medicare Entitlement Programs (Medicare

and Medicaid)and Medicaid)2.2. Welfare state?Welfare state?3.3. Election of 1964Election of 1964

II. Johnson’s Foreign PolicyII. Johnson’s Foreign Policy

A.A. Vietnam WarVietnam War1.1. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution,

19641964

2.2. Battle of la Battle of la DrangDrang

3.3. Aerial bombing N. VietnamAerial bombing N. Vietnam

4.4. Ho Chi Minh TrailHo Chi Minh Trail

5.5. TetTet Offensive, 1968Offensive, 19685.5. TetTet Offensive, 1968Offensive, 1968

6.6. Senator FulbrightSenator Fulbright

B.B. Other hotspotsOther hotspots1.1. Dominican RepublicDominican Republic

2.2. SixSix--Day WarDay War

C.C. 1968 Election1968 Election1.1. “A Long Hot Summer”“A Long Hot Summer”

2.2. Nixon, a minority PresidentNixon, a minority President

III. Transition in Civil RightsIII. Transition in Civil Rights

A.A. Violent DemonstrationViolent Demonstration

1.1. Goal: Economic oppressionGoal: Economic oppression

2.2. Watts, CAWatts, CA

3.3. GroupsGroups

a.a. Nation of IslamNation of Islam

b.b. “Black Power” “Black Power” b.b. “Black Power” “Black Power”

4.4. Assassination of MLK, 1968Assassination of MLK, 1968

B.B. Impact of Civil RightsImpact of Civil Rights

1.1. Increase in black vote but Increase in black vote but division in Demosdivision in Demos

2.2. New migrationNew migration

3.3. New focus on economic New focus on economic oppressionoppression

John CarlosTommie Smith

III. Cultural Changes (cont.)III. Cultural Changes (cont.)

C. Rise of CountercultureC. Rise of Counterculture1.1. Impact of Baby BoomersImpact of Baby Boomers2.2. “New Left”“New Left”3.3. Students for a Democratic Students for a Democratic

Society (SDS)Society (SDS)Society (SDS)Society (SDS)4.4. Free Speech MovementFree Speech Movement

a.a. Mario SavioMario Savio

5.5. VoicesVoicesa.a. Bob DylanBob Dylanb.b. Woodstock, 1969Woodstock, 1969c.c. Allan GinsbergAllan Ginsbergd.d. James DeanJames Deane.e. Alfred KinseyAlfred Kinsey

3 P’s (population, protest, 3 P’s (population, protest, prosperity)prosperity)

“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”