38 daftar pustaka 1. mendis s, puska p, norrving b, world

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38 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World Health Organization., World Heart Federation., World Stroke Organization. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. vi, 155 p. p. 2. Yudiarto F, Machfoed M, Darwin A, Ong A, Karyana M, Siswanto. Indonesia Stroke Registry (S12.003). Neurology. 2014;82(10 Supplement):S12.003. 3. Lamsudin R WS, Nuradyo D, Sutarni S. Stroke Profile in Yogyakarta: Morbidity, Mortality, and Risk Factor of Stroke. BKM. 1998;Suppl XIV(Recent Management of Stroke):53-69. 4. Setyopranoto I. Stroke: Gejala dan penatalaksanaan. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. 2011;38(4):247. 5. Misbach J, Wendra A. Clinical pattern of hospitalized strokes in 28 hospitals in Indonesia. Medical Journal of Indonesia. 2000;9(1):29-34. 6. Arofah AN. PENATALAKSANAAN STROKE TROMBOTIK: Peluang Peningkatan Prognosis Pasien. Jurnal Saintika Medika. 2012;7(14). 7. Nurazam M. Analysis of The Time to Hospital Admission for Stroke Patient in dr Sardjito Hospital from 2011-2013 [Undergraduate Thesis]. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University; 2014. 8. Muhibbi S. Jumlah Leukosit Sebagai Indikator Keluaran Stroke Iskemik [Masters Thesis]. Semarang (Indonesia): Universitas Diponegoro; 2004. 9. Dongoran R. Jumlah Neutrofil Absolut sebagai Indikator Keluaran Stroke Iskemik [Master Thesis]. Semarang (Indonesia): Universitas Diponegoro; 2007. 10. Elkind MSV, Cheng J, Rundek T, Boden-Albala B, Sacco RL. Leukocyte count predicts outcome after ischemic stroke: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2004;13(5):220-7. 11. Nardi K, Milia P, Eusebi P, Paciaroni M, Caso V, Agnelli G. Admission Leukocytosis in Acute Cerebral Ischemia: Influence on Early Outcome. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2011;21(8):819-24.

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Page 1: 38 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World

38

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World Health Organization., World Heart

Federation., World Stroke Organization. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease

prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. vi, 155 p.

p.

2. Yudiarto F, Machfoed M, Darwin A, Ong A, Karyana M, Siswanto. Indonesia

Stroke Registry (S12.003). Neurology. 2014;82(10 Supplement):S12.003.

3. Lamsudin R WS, Nuradyo D, Sutarni S. Stroke Profile in Yogyakarta:

Morbidity, Mortality, and Risk Factor of Stroke. BKM. 1998;Suppl

XIV(Recent Management of Stroke):53-69.

4. Setyopranoto I. Stroke: Gejala dan penatalaksanaan. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran.

2011;38(4):247.

5. Misbach J, Wendra A. Clinical pattern of hospitalized strokes in 28 hospitals

in Indonesia. Medical Journal of Indonesia. 2000;9(1):29-34.

6. Arofah AN. PENATALAKSANAAN STROKE TROMBOTIK: Peluang

Peningkatan Prognosis Pasien. Jurnal Saintika Medika. 2012;7(14).

7. Nurazam M. Analysis of The Time to Hospital Admission for Stroke Patient in

dr Sardjito Hospital from 2011-2013 [Undergraduate Thesis]. Yogyakarta:

Gadjah Mada University; 2014.

8. Muhibbi S. Jumlah Leukosit Sebagai Indikator Keluaran Stroke Iskemik

[Masters Thesis]. Semarang (Indonesia): Universitas Diponegoro; 2004.

9. Dongoran R. Jumlah Neutrofil Absolut sebagai Indikator Keluaran Stroke

Iskemik [Master Thesis]. Semarang (Indonesia): Universitas Diponegoro; 2007.

10. Elkind MSV, Cheng J, Rundek T, Boden-Albala B, Sacco RL. Leukocyte count

predicts outcome after ischemic stroke: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study.

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2004;13(5):220-7.

11. Nardi K, Milia P, Eusebi P, Paciaroni M, Caso V, Agnelli G. Admission

Leukocytosis in Acute Cerebral Ischemia: Influence on Early Outcome.

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2011;21(8):819-24.

Page 2: 38 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World

39

12. Nomura E, Naka H, Wakabayashi S, Kajikawa H, Matsumoto M. Leukocytes

May Have 2 Opposing Effects in Intravenous rtPA Treatment for Ischemic

Stroke. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis.

2012:1076029612452115.

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34. Shibata D, Cain K, Tanzi P, Zierath D, Becker K. Myelin basic protein

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Comparison of admission serum glucose concentration with neurologic

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of admission blood glucose level on short-term mortality in acute cerebral

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44. Uyttenboogaart M, Koch MW, Stewart RE, Vroomen PC, Luijckx GJ, De

Keyser J. Moderate hyperglycaemia is associated with favourable outcome in

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45. Badiger SA, PT; Narone, U. Hyperglycemia and Stroke. International Journal

of Stroke Research. 2013;1(1):1-6.

46. Thaib P. Hubungan antara kadar LDL darah pada stroke iskemik fase akut

dengan lama perawatan pasien pulang hidup dan pulang meninggal

[Undergraduate Thesis]. Semarang [Indonesia]: Diponegoro University; 2008.

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translocase, an inflammatory mediator, is involved in hyperlipidemia-induced

exacerbation in ischemic brain injury. The Journal of neuroscience : the official

journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2008;28(18):4661-70.

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Functional outcome in young adult ischemic stroke: impact of lipoproteins.

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outcome after stroke with higher serum cholesterol levels. Neurology.

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Martínez-Rodríguez JE, Giralt E, et al. Serum cholesterol levels and survival

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51. Pikija S, Trkulja V, Juvan L, Ivanec M, Dukši D. Higher on-admission serum

triglycerides predict less severe disability and lower all-cause mortality after

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53. Willmot M, Leonardi-Bee J, Bath PMW. High Blood Pressure in Acute Stroke

and Subsequent Outcome: A Systematic Review. Hypertension.

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al. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischaemic stroke: an

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2010;375(9727):1695-703.

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al. Influenza Virus Infection Aggravates Stroke Outcome. Stroke.

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Pneumonia and urinary tract infection after acute ischaemic stroke: a tertiary

analysis of the GAIN International trial. European Journal of Neurology.

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al. Influence of Stroke Infarct Location on Functional Outcome Measured by

the Modified Rankin Scale. Stroke. 2014;45(6):1695-702.

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temperature and outcome in stroke patients. The Lancet. 1996;348(9021):193.

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UJ, et al. Admission Body Temperature Predicts Long-Term Mortality After

Acute Stroke: The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Stroke. 2002;33(7):1759-62.

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63. Wang Y, Lim LL-Y, Levi C, Heller RF, Fisher J. Influence of Admission Body

Temperature on Stroke Mortality. Stroke. 2000;31(2):404-9.

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69. Courties G, Herisson F, Sager H, Heidt T, Ye Y, Ying W, et al. Ischemic Stroke

Activates Hematopoietic Bone Marrow Stem Cells. Circulation Research. 2014.

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71. Nakayama H, Jørgensen H, Raaschou H, Olsen T. The influence of age on

stroke outcome. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Stroke. 1994;25(4):808-13.

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sedimentation rate and short clinical outcomes among patients with acute

ischemic stroke at hospital admission]. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi =

Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi. 2012;33(9):956-60.

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Lampiran 1. Ethical Clearance

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Lampiran 2. Surat izin penelitian

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Lampiran 3. Informed consent

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Lampiran 4. Spreadsheet data

No Usia Jenis

Kelamin

HDL LDL Kolesterol Trigliserid GDS Jumlah

Leukosit

Skor

NIHSS

Nilai Klinis

NIHSS

1 49 Male 53 131 198 75 155 8.6 2 Defisit Ringan

2 50 Male 35 117 187 84 86 13.9 4 Defisit Ringan

3 59 Male 39 163 255 118 274 6.1 5 Defisit Ringan

4 60 Male 36 71 148 80 181 7.5 3 Defisit Ringan

5 60 Male 33 135 220 265 109 7.9 2 Defisit Ringan

6 65 Male 22 101 131 107 128 10.3 3 Defisit Ringan

7 67 Male 75 129 155 75 152 6.2 1 Defisit Ringan

8 68 Male 41 108 193 97 116 8.9 3 Defisit Ringan

9 45 Male 43 118 150 100 73 11 11 Defisit Cukup Berat

10 51 Male 35 137 188 91 104 9 6 Defisit Cukup Berat

11 58 Male 38 127 182 76 187 19.6 8 Defisit Cukup Berat

12 70 Male 44 133 199 89 125 7.4 6 Defisit Cukup Berat

13 41 Female 40 99 162 125 175 8.1 3 Defisit Ringan

14 52 Female 36 121 200 101 102 7.9 1 Defisit Ringan

15 54 Female 61 162 238 59 101 6.3 1 Defisit Ringan

16 55 Female 43 195 280 151 171 10.3 1 Defisit Ringan

17 58 Female 75 257 308 182 112 7.9 2 Defisit Ringan

18 59 Female 40 90 153 148 76 8.5 1 Defisit Ringan

19 66 Female 42 150 234 110 97 8.9 2 Defisit Ringan

20 58 Female 21 131 165 91 178 10 14 Defisit Cukup Berat

21 69 Female 57 173 250 114 132 12.5 14 Defisit Cukup Berat

Page 14: 38 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World

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Lampiran 5. Output SPSS

Analisis Univariat

Jenis Kelamin

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

Wanita 9 42.9 42.9 42.9

Pria 12 57.1 57.1 100.0

Total 21 100.0 100.0

Nilai Klinis NIHSS

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

Defisit Ringan 15 71.4 71.4 71.4

Defisit Cukup Berat 6 28.6 28.6 100.0

Total 21 100.0 100.0

Descriptives

Statistic Std. Error

Usia pasien Mean 57.81 1.747

95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 54.17

Upper Bound 61.45

5% Trimmed Mean 58.06

Median 58.00

Variance 64.062

Std. Deviation 8.004

Minimum 41

Maximum 70

Range 29

Interquartile Range 14

Skewness -.281 .501

Kurtosis -.497 .972

Kadar HDL Mean 43.29 3.079

95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 36.86

Upper Bound 49.71

5% Trimmed Mean 42.76

Page 15: 38 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World

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Median 40.00

Variance 199.114

Std. Deviation 14.111

Minimum 21

Maximum 75

Range 54

Interquartile Range 13

Skewness .960 .501

Kurtosis .998 .972

Kadar LDL Mean 135.62 8.716

95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 117.44

Upper Bound 153.80

5% Trimmed Mean 132.58

Median 131.00

Variance 1595.448

Std. Deviation 39.943

Minimum 71

Maximum 257

Range 186

Interquartile Range 44

Skewness 1.387 .501

Kurtosis 3.348 .972

Kadar Kolesterol Mean 199.81 10.252

95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 178.42

Upper Bound 221.20

5% Trimmed Mean 197.65

Median 193.00

Variance 2207.362

Std. Deviation 46.983

Minimum 131

Maximum 308

Range 177

Interquartile Range 78

Skewness .689 .501

Kurtosis -.100 .972

Kadar Trigliserida Mean 111.33 9.989

95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 90.50

Upper Bound 132.17

5% Trimmed Mean 105.88

Median 100.00

Page 16: 38 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World

53

Variance 2095.333

Std. Deviation 45.775

Minimum 59

Maximum 265

Range 206

Interquartile Range 40

Skewness 2.148 .501

Kurtosis 5.746 .972

Kadar GDS Mean 134.95 10.428

95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 113.20

Upper Bound 156.71

5% Trimmed Mean 130.89

Median 125.00

Variance 2283.748

Std. Deviation 47.789

Minimum 73

Maximum 274

Range 201

Interquartile Range 72

Skewness 1.202 .501

Kurtosis 2.093 .972

Jumlah Leukosit Mean 9.371 .6678

95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 7.978

Upper Bound 10.765

5% Trimmed Mean 9.000

Median 8.600

Variance 9.366

Std. Deviation 3.0604

Minimum 6.1

Maximum 19.6

Range 13.5

Interquartile Range 2.6

Skewness 2.076 .501

Kurtosis 5.593 .972

Skor NIHSS Mean 4.43 .893

95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 2.57

Upper Bound 6.29

5% Trimmed Mean 4.09

Median 3.00

Variance 16.757

Page 17: 38 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World

54

Std. Deviation 4.094

Minimum 1

Maximum 14

Range 13

Interquartile Range 5

Skewness 1.467 .501

Kurtosis 1.223 .972

Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

Usia pasien .129 21 .200* .965 21 .612

Kadar HDL .242 21 .002 .888 21 .021

Kadar LDL .200 21 .027 .903 21 .040

Kadar Kolesterol .165 21 .139 .948 21 .317

Kadar Trigliserida .204 21 .023 .795 21 .001

Kadar GDS .144 21 .200* .904 21 .043

Jumlah Leukosit .215 21 .012 .806 21 .001

Skor NIHSS .255 21 .001 .783 21 .000

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

Analisis Bivariat

T-Test

Group Statistics

gender pasien N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Skor NIHSS Pria 12 4.50 2.876 .830

Wanita 9 4.33 5.523 1.841

Page 18: 38 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World

55

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of

Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F Sig. t df Sig. (2-

tailed)

Mean

Difference

Std. Error

Difference

95% Confidence Interval

of the Difference

Lower Upper

Skor

NIHSS

Equal variances

assumed

3.766 .067 1.218 19 .238 .57608 .47308 -.41409 1.56625

Equal variances not

assumed

1.101 10.446 .295 .57608 .52307 -.58268 1.73484

Correlations

Skor

NIHSS

Jumlah

Leukosit

Usia pasien Kadar

GDS

Kadar

HDL

Kadar LDL Kadar

Trigliserid

Kadar

Kolesterol

Skor NIHSS

Pearson

Correlation

1 .460* .066 .190 -.291 -.045 -.149 -.191

Sig. (2-tailed)

.036 .775 .411 .200 .847 .520 .408

N 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

Jumlah Leukosit

Pearson

Correlation

.460* 1 -.101 -.104 -.315 -.056 -.072 -.131

Sig. (2-tailed) .036

.663 .652 .164 .809 .756 .572

N 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

Page 19: 38 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World

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Usia pasien

Pearson

Correlation

.066 -.101 1 .072 .104 .097 .042 .120

Sig. (2-tailed) .775 .663

.758 .653 .676 .857 .603

N 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

Kadar GDS

Pearson

Correlation

.190 -.104 .072 1 -.093 .063 -.099 .110

Sig. (2-tailed) .411 .652 .758

.687 .785 .669 .635

N 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

Kadar HDL

Pearson

Correlation

-.291 -.315 .104 -.093 1 .530* -.080 .472*

Sig. (2-tailed) .200 .164 .653 .687

.013 .730 .031

N 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

Kadar LDL

Pearson

Correlation

-.045 -.056 .097 .063 .530* 1 .301 .902**

Sig. (2-tailed) .847 .809 .676 .785 .013

.184 .000

N 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

Kadar Trigliserid

Pearson

Correlation

-.149 -.072 .042 -.099 -.080 .301 1 .380

Sig. (2-tailed) .520 .756 .857 .669 .730 .184

.090

N 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

Kadar

Kolesterol

Pearson

Correlation

-.191 -.131 .120 .110 .472* .902** .380 1

Sig. (2-tailed) .408 .572 .603 .635 .031 .000 .090

N 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

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Analisis Multivariat Logistic Regression

Block 0: Beginning Block

Classification Tablea,b

Observed Predicted

Nilai Klinis NIHSS Percentage

Correct .00 1.00

Step 0 Nilai Klinis NIHSS

.00 15 0 100.0

1.00 6 0 .0

Overall Percentage 71.4

a. Constant is included in the model.

b. The cut value is .500

Variables in the Equation

B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)

Step 0 Constant -.916 .483 3.598 1 .058 .400

Variables not in the Equation

Score df Sig.

Step 0 Variables

VAR00002 .420 1 .517

VAR00003 4.295 1 .038

Overall Statistics 4.308 2 .116

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Block 1: Method = Backward Stepwise (Likelihood Ratio)

Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients

Chi-square df Sig.

Step 1

Step 4.575 2 .102

Block 4.575 2 .102

Model 4.575 2 .102

Step 2a

Step -.012 1 .912

Block 4.562 1 .033

Model 4.562 1 .033

a. A negative Chi-squares value indicates that the Chi-

squares value has decreased from the previous step.

Model Summary

Step -2 Log likelihood Cox & Snell R

Square

Nagelkerke R

Square

1 20.553a .196 .281

2 20.565a .195 .280

a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 5 because

parameter estimates changed by less than .001.

Classification Tablea

Observed Predicted

Nilai Klinis NIHSS Percentage

Correct .00 1.00

Step 1 Nilai Klinis NIHSS

.00 12 3 80.0

1.00 3 3 50.0

Overall Percentage 71.4

Step 2 Nilai Klinis NIHSS

.00 10 5 66.7

1.00 1 5 83.3

Overall Percentage 71.4

a. The cut value is .500

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Variables in the Equation

B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)

Step 1a

VAR00002 -.135 1.224 .012 1 .912 .873

VAR00003 2.345 1.285 3.329 1 .068 10.434

Constant -2.291 1.054 4.727 1 .030 .101

Step 2a VAR00003 2.303 1.225 3.535 1 .060 10.000

Constant -2.303 1.049 4.820 1 .028 .100

a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: VAR00002, VAR00003.

Model if Term Removed

Variable Model Log

Likelihood

Change in -2

Log Likelihood

df Sig. of the

Change

Step 1 VAR00002 -10.282 .012 1 .912

VAR00003 -12.362 4.172 1 .041

Step 2 VAR00003 -12.564 4.562 1 .033

Variables not in the Equation

Score df Sig.

Step 2a Variables VAR00002 .012 1 .912

Overall Statistics .012 1 .912

a. Variable(s) removed on step 2: VAR00002.

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Lampiran 6. Kuesioner penelitian

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Lampiran 7. Dokumentasi

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Lampiran 8. Biodata mahasiswa

Identitas

Nama : Yoshua Kevin Poonatajaya

NIM : 22010111120012

Tempat, tanggal lahir : Pati, 2 Oktober 1993

Jenis kelamin : Laki-laki

Alamat : Jl. Kolonel Sunandar 38 Pati

Nomor HP : 081225119904

e-mail : [email protected]

Riwayat Pendidikan Formal

SD : SD Kr. Aletheia Surabaya (Lulus tahun 2005)

SMP : SMP K Keluarga Pati (Lulus tahun 2008)

SMA : SMA N 1 Pati (Lulus tahun 2011)

FK UNDIP : masuk tahun 2011