34810360 study guide questions microbiology

8/4/2019 34810360 Study Guide Questions Microbiology

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Unit IV Study Guide QuestionsMicrobiology


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Study the review questions found in Wordfile, Review Questions Microbiology (KEY)


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Question 1

1. Define health.

Health - A state of complete physical,mental, and social well-being.


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Question 2

2. Define disease .

Disease - A deleterious change in thebodys condition in response to anenvironmental factor.


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Question 3

3. What are three disease factors?

Diet and nutrition, infectious agents, toxic chemicals, physical factors, and

psychological stress all contribute to disease.


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Question 4

Define emergent disease and give two examples.

An emergent disease is one never known before, or has been absent for at least 20 years.

Foot and Mouth Disease Ebola


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Question 5

Give two examples of ecological diseases. Distemper (Seals)

Chronic Wasting Disease (Deer and Elk) Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

Black Band Disease (Coral)


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Question 6

6. What are some symptoms of the sick building syndrome?

Headaches, allergies, and chronic fatigue caused by poorly ventilated

indoor air contaminated by molds, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and other toxic chemicals.


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Question 7

7. Define antagonistic reaction (chemical).

Antagonistic Reaction - One materialinterferes with the effects, or stimulatesthe breakdown, of other chemicals.

(Aluminum ions remove phosphate ionsfrom solution)


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Question 8

8. Define: LD50.

LD50 - Dose at which 50% of the test population issensitive (dies).


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Question 9

9. What is the EPAs definition of acceptable risk?

EPA generally assumes 1 in 1 million is acceptable risk for environmental hazards.


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Question 10

10. Contrast acute vs. chronic effects.

Acute Effects - Caused by a singleexposure and result in an immediatehealth problem.

Chronic Effects - Long-lasting. Can beresult of single large dose or repeatedsmaller doses.


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Question 1

1. Prokaryotic refers to the lack of a ____ ______?


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Answer 1

1. Prokaryotic refers to the lack of anuclear membrane or nucleus .


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Question 2

2. ______ are infectious agents orparticles, but not true organisms.


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Answer 2

2. Viruses are infectious agents orparticles, but not true organisms.


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Question 3

3. _____ are used for bacterial locomotionand ______ are employed for cell to cell

attachment.


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Answer 3

3. Flagella are used for bacteriallocomotion and pili are employed for cell

to cell attachment.


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Question 4

4. Identify this cell shape.


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Answer 4


Coccus (spherical)


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Question 5



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Answer 5

5. Identify this cell shape. Bacillus (rod shaped)


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Question 6

6. Identify this cell type.


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Answer 6

6. Identify this cell type. spirillum


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Question 7

7. Name two major types of archaebacteria (there are 3 types).


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Answer 7

7. Name two major types of archaebacteria (there are 3 types).

Extreme thermophiles, methanogens, andextreme halophiles (any two)


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Question 8

8. Describe a typical bacterial chromosome.


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Answer 8

8. Describe a typical bacterial chromosome.

It is composed of a single circular DNA molecule.


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Question 9

9. What are plasmids?


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Answer 9

9. What are plasmids?

Plasmids are very small circular bits of DNA which can be transferred from onecell to another via conjugation.


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Question 10

10. The normal human flora consists of about _____ species of bacteria.


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Answer 10

10. The normal human flora consists of about 200 species of bacteria.


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Question 11

11. E. coli normally lives in the ______ of vertebrates and is beneficial/harmful.


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Answer 11

11. E. coli normally lives in the intestinesof vertebrates and is beneficial/harmful.


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Question 12

12. Streptococcus pyogenes strains (aswell as others) rarely cause ______

_______.


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Answer 12

12. Streptococcus pyogenes strains (aswell as others) rarely cause necrotizing

fasciitis.


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Question 13

13. E. coli strain O157:H7,a dangerous form, was associated with

____ __ __ ____ hamburgers as well asthe ____ _____ incident in Cobb county,GA.


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Answer 13

13. E. coli strain O157:H7,a dangerous form, was associated with

Jack in the Box hamburgers as well as theWhite Water incident in Cobb county, GA.


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Question 14

14. Viruses are composed of an outer ______ coat with an interior core of

________ _______.


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Answer 14

14. Viruses are composed of an outerprotein coat with an interior core of

nucleic acid.


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Question 15

15. HIV is a(n) _______ virus.


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Answer 15

15. HIV is a(n) enveloped (or RNA) virus.


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Question 16

16. Identify this type of virus.


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Answer 16

16. Identify this type of virus. helical


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Answer 17

17. Identify this type of virus. complex


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Question 18

18. Name the two modes of viralreplication.


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Answer 18

18. Name the two modes of viralreplication. Lytic and lysogenic


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Question 19

19. Of the two modes which one mayhave a long latent (resting) period?


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Question 19



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Answer 19


lysogenic


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Question 20

20. Hepatitis A infects which organ?


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Answer 20

20. Hepatitis A infects which organ?

liver


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Question 21

21. Which water born virus may attack and kill motor neurons (nerves)?


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Answer 21

21. Which water born virus may attack and kill motor neurons (nerves)?

polio


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Question 22

22. Viroids are naked strands or circlesof ______.


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Answer 22

22. Viroids are naked strands or circlesof RNA .


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Question 23

23. Viroids are known to only infect _______.


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Answer 23

23. Viroids are known to only infectplants .


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Question 24

24. Prions are composed exclusively of ________.


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Answer 24

24. Prions are composed exclusively of proteins .


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Question 25

25. ____ ____ _____ is a disease that iscaused by a prion. It is found in farm

animals and there is a human form.


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Answer 25

25. Mad cow disease is a disease that iscaused by a prion. It is found in farm

animals and there is a human form.


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Question 26

26. Protistans differ from prokaryotes. State two differences:


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Answer 26

26. Protistans differ from prokaryotes. State two differences:

Protistans have: a membrance boundnucleus; organelles such as mitochondria,chloroplasts; microtubules; mitosis and

meiosis Prokaryotes lack these structures.


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Question 27

27. Animal-like protistans are informallyknown as:


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Answer 27

27. Animal-like protistans are informallyknown as:

Protozoa


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Question 28

28. Which of the following is (are)mismatched?

Sarcodina amoeboid protozoans Ciliophora parasitic heterotrophs such as

sporazoans Mastigophora animal-like flagellates


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Answer 28

28. Which of the following is (are)mismatched?

Sarcodina amoeboid protozoans Ciliophora parasitic heterotrophs such as

sporazoans Mastigophora animal-like flagellates


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Question 29

29. Amoeba move by means of cilia/pseudopods/flagella. (Choose one)


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Answer 29

29. Amoeba move by means of cilia/pseudopods /flagella. (Choose one)


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Question 30

30. Shelled Amoebas have houses made from silica/calcium carbonate/ or

some silica and others calcium carbonate.(choose one)


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Answer 30

30. Shelled Amoebas have houses made from silica/calcium carbonate/ or

some silica and others calcium carbonate .(choose one)


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Question 31

31. True/false. All amoebas are free-living;none are parasitic. (If false, give a counter

example)


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Answer 31

31. True/false. All amoebas are free-living;none are parasitic. (If false, give a counter

example)

False . Some freshwater types can invadethe brain and cause death. Others areinternal parasites.


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Question 32

32. What is name for the phylum whichcontains ciliates such as Paramecium ?


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Answer 32

32. What is name for the phylum whichcontains ciliates such as Paramecium ?

Ciliophora


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Question 33

33. Ciliates have two types of nuclei.Name them.


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Answer 33

33. Ciliates have two types of nuclei.Name them.

Macronuclei and micronuclei


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Question 34

34. What is the name for the processwhere ciliates exchange micronuclei?


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Answer 34

34. What is the name for the processwhere ciliates exchange micronuclei?

conjugation


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Question 35

35. Ciliates use cilia for both ______ and _______.


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Answer 35

35. Ciliates use cilia for both locomotionand feeding.


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Question 36

36. Animal-like flagellates belong to thephylum ________.


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Answer 36

36. Animal-like flagellates belong to thephylum Mastigophora.


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Question 37

37. Name two flagellates that may causehealth or environmental problems.


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Answer 37

37. Name two flagellates that may causehealth or environmental problems.

Trypanosomes, Trichamonas , and /ordinoflagellates (red tide organisms)


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Question 38

38. All of these organisms are parasitic.There are many different species including

the malarial organisms. _____


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Answer 38

38. All of these organisms are parasitic.There are many different species including

the malarial organisms. sporazoans


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Question 39

39. Why should pregnant women avoidcontact with cats?


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Answer 39

39. Why should pregnant women avoidcontact with cats? Cats are vectors of the

sporazoan, Toxaplasma . Infection of pregnant women can cause harm or evendeath to the fetus.


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Question 40

40. Why should pregnant women avoidcontact with cats?


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Answer 40

40. What is the vector of the malarialorganism? Female mosquitoes


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Question 41

41. To what phylum does Euglena and itsrelatives belong?


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Answer 41

41. To what phylum do Euglena and itsrelatives belong?

Euglenophyta


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Question 42

42. What type of algae live in glasshouses and are important primary

producers?


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Answer 42

42. What type of algae live in glasshouses and are important primary

producers?

diatoms


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Question 43

43. What major group (phyla) of algaemost closely resemble green plants?


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Answer 43

43. What major group (phyla) of algaemost closely resemble green plants?

Green algae (Chlorophyta)

34810360 study guide questions microbiology

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