33 reports on media gender bias in 2012 addendum to eeoc

47 Reports on Media Gender Bias compiled by Ariel Dougherty page 1

ADDENDUM to Public Comments to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Submitted by National Council on Women's Organizations/Media & Technology Task Force

Plethora of Reports on Gender Bias in Media – Mostly During 2012

– compiled by Ariel Dougherty Media Equity Collaborative @mediaequity

The number – 25 – of reports that came out during the first six months of 2012 prompted collection of this data

into a table. The sheer number, range of different forms of media, and the persistence lack of change speak to deeply

entrenched cultural attitudes of bias against women in all aspects of the media & culture. Here are listed 47 separate reports that collectively map out extensive gender bias in all aspects of media.

The field of feminist media producers has demanded a broad definition of media to be inclusive of all forms of

cultural making as well as the more traditionally perceived mainstream venues of print, radio, films and television.

Name of Report Author(s) Sponsoring Org Media Focus Date Release

Press Freedom Index 2011/2012

Pdf:

http://en.rsf.org/IMG/CLASSEMENT_2012/CLASSEMENT_ANG.pdf

Reporters Without Borders article: http://en.rsf.org/pre

ss-freedom-index-2011-

2012,1043.html

International Press Freedom USA ranks #47

December 2012

The Learning Resource Kit

for Gender-Ethical Journalism and Media House

Policy

http://whomakesthenews.org/

Conceptual Issues

Practical Resources

Sarah Macharia, Editor

World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) & the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)

Tools for Change:

Outgrowth of the Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) that creates Who Makes The News. EXCELLENT ! List of Policy in many many countries; analysis about reporting on gender violence; more

December 2012

Gender Roles & Occupations:

A Look at Character Attributes and Job-Related

Aspirations in Film and Television

http://www.seejane.org/rese

arch/

Stacy L. Smith,

PhD | Marc

Choueiti |

Ashley

Prescott |

Katherine

Pieper, PhD

Annenberg School

for Communication

& Journalism

University of

Southern California

for Geena Davis Institute on Gender In Media

Film & TV: + “Children!s programs

(30.5%) and comedy series

(31.5%) are the most

imbalanced genres in prime

time, with less than a third of

all on screen speaking

characters coded as girls or

women.”

+ “not one speaking

character plays a powerful

American female political

figure across 5,839

speaking characters in 129

family films”

+ ….etc.

11/13/12


Article: Girls Fight Guns With

Books

By Ashfaq

Yusufzai

IPS Inter Press Service http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/10/girls-determined-to-fight-guns-with-books/

The struggle for girl

education. While this example is of Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan, the issue is universal,

including Sandy Hook Elementary School.

10/12/12

Women Leaders on

Sustainability

http://www.guardian.co.uk/sustainable-business/women-leaders-sustainability-discussion-highlights

Tim Smedley,

writes up

discussion

Discussion sponsored by Guardian Sustainable Business

Sustainability in business: Women to lead in innovation, collaboration, community centered; shift “policy-culture”

10/11/12

There Is No News Like Bad

News: Women Are More Remembering and Stress

Reactive after Reading Real Negative News than Men

Abstract:

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0047189

Marie-France Marin, Julie-Katia Morin-Major, Tania E. Schramek, Annick Beaupré, Andrea Perna, Robert-Paul Juster, Sonia J. Lupien

PLOSOne.org Effects of 24 hr news via TV, devices: “negative news....led to a

significant increase in

cortisol to a subsequent stressor in women only. Also, women in the negative news condition experienced better memory for these news excerpts compared to men.”

October 10, 2012

Broadband Commission Report Article w/ link to pdf on report:

http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourperspective/ourperspectivearticles/2013/01/10/the-internet-gender-gap-magdy-martinez-soliman.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ungen+%28UN+gender+equality+news+feed%29&utm_content=

A Report by the

Broadband

Commission

Internet access and cell phone use “women are 21% less likely to own a mobile phone than men”

September

2012

"Positive Female Role-Models Eliminate Negative Effects of

Sexually Violent Media” abstract:

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01666.x/abstract

Christopher J. Ferguson Study done at Southern University

“Journal of Communications” Article: The Atlantic http://www.theatlantic.c

om/health/archive/2012

/08/study-we-benefit-

from-seeing-strong-

women-on-tv/261790/

Sexual Violence in media Women who watched

sexually violent media were

more anxious, and males

who watched sexually

violent media had more

negative attitudes toward

women,.....

August 2012


Independent Women:

Behind-the-Scenes Representation on

Festival Films

By Martha M. Lauzen, Ph.D Pdf of Ex Sum in

O Rpt file

Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film, Univ of San Diego

http://www.pdfdownload.org/pdf2html/pdf2ht

ml.php?url=http%3A%

2F%2Fwomenintvfilm.

sdsu.edu%2Ffiles%2F2

012_Independent_Wom

en_Exec_Summ.pdf&i

mages=yes

Independent Film ++ Women 39% of the people working on documentaries ++ 18% on narrative features.

August 2012

Gender Diversity and

Corporate performance

Credit Suisse https://infocus.credit-suisse.com/.../csri_gender_diversity_and_

Leadership: ...the evidence suggests that a bit more balance on the board [women to men] brings with it a bit less volatility and a bit more balance through the cycle....

August 2012

Tropes vs Women in Video

Games

http://kck.st/JijdIr

Anita Karkeesian

Feminist Frequency feministfrequency.com

VIDEO GAMES: Kickstarter campaign to

raise $6K: stereotyping of women in video games.

Huge uproar of misogyny

followed. Ultimately 6,968 backers supplied

$158,922 to see project

realized.

May-June 2012

Racial and Gender Differences

in the Relationship Between

Children’s Television Use and

Self-Esteem: A Longitudinal

Panel Study

Nicole Martins and Kristen Harrison

First published, Communications

Research http://crx.sagepub.com/

content/39/3/338.abstract

effects of television consumption on global self-esteem; esp adverse effects on boys of color & all girls.

June 2012

Article: New Media—but Familiar Lack of Diversity: Women, people of color still

marginalized online

Janine Jackson FAIR fair.org/index.php?page=4551

New media – numerous examples of bias

June 2012

Article: Challenges for Non-Sexist Communication in

Cuba

By Ivet González

IPS - GenderWire http://ipsnews.ne

t/news.asp?idne

ws=108111

Estalblished Policy: Journalism & film in CUBA

June 2012

GIRL TECH REPORT 2010-

2011

Media Literacy Project http://medialiteracyproj

ect.org/programs/girl-

tech-collective

Report on skills building for young women of color

June 2012


SILENCED Gender Gap in

the 2012 Election Coverage

http://www.4thestate.net/female-voices-in-media-infographic/

4th Estate – Visualizing how Media

Influences Us

MSM – print & TV May 2012

<WOMEN RULE>

Women Who Tech

http://www.womenwhotech.com/womenin

techinfographic.html

Tech data & women owned companies

May 2012

Enuf Already!

Linda Stein Have Art: Will Travel, Inc Newsletter

Art Market: for women painters yield vastly under that of men!!

May 29, 2012

Gender Gap Among Top Journalists

4th Estate http://www.4thestate.

net/gender-gap-

among-top-print-journalists/

Reporters on the election!

May 25, 2012

Article: The Price of Being Female

By S.T. The Economist http://www.economis

t.com/blogs/prospero/

2012/05/post-war-artists-auction

Women artists (visual) auction prices

May 20, 2012

Gender Report esp see this: http://genderreport.com/2012/11/04/byline-report-who-writes-the-news-online-3-months/

Jasmine Linabary @genderreport

GenderReport.com

a blog... A closer look at gender and online news

On-line news that reports this discrimination

Weekly Updates esp: Nov 4, 2012

Article; Women Artists Still Face Discrimination

Eleanor J. Bader

TruthOut.org http://truth-

out.org/news/item/89

71-women-artists-still-face-

discrimination

Various data on visual arts

May 10, 2012

The Status of Women In the

US Media, 2012

Robin H. Pugh Yi, PhD; Craig T. Dearfield, MA

Women’s Media Center www.womensmediacenter.com/pages/the-problem

news, literature, and television and film entertainment: “Women comprised just 5% of directors, 15% of writers, and 4% of cinematrographers”

March 2012

“A Rising Tide: Financing

Strategies for Women-Owned Firms,”

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation

Women-owned companies

May 2012


Women of Color Directed 1

Percent of TV Episodes Last Season, Make $23,325 Less

Than Male Writers

By Alyssa Rosenberg

Think Progress http://thinkprogress.org/alyssa/2012/04/20/468432/women-of-color-in-television-part-1-the-numbers/

“women of color directed just 1 percent of 2,600 television episodes that aired during that period (men of color drirected 11% of those espisodes”

04/20/12

“Four Steps Back-NO Women

Directors in Competition at Cannes”

http://blogs.indiewire.com/womenandhollywood/four-steps-back-no-women-directors-in-competition-at-cannes

Melissa Silverstein

Women and Hollywood

This premiere film festival showcases NO women directed films in competition.

April 19, 2012

Infographic: The Gender Pay Gap

http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/news/2012/04/16/11435/infographic-the-gender-pay-gap/

Matt Separa Center for American Progress

Median INCOMES - 2010

April 16, 2012

Not A Pretty Picture: The Economics of Feminist

Culture Presentation at Sarah Lawrence

College

Ariel Dougherty

Media Equity Collaborative

Update 1980s data of NEA support of women arts organizations – 2010 support: 1/3 of

peak in 1980!

March 2012

The Count [2012] annual analysis by this literary arts organization

VIDA- Women in Literary Arts http://www.vidaweb.org/the-count

By lines in literary publications: +The

New York Review of

Books -- 19 women to 133 male writers.

Feb 2012

Asymmetrical Academy

Awards2: Another Look at Gender in Best Picture

Nominated Films from 1977-2010

annenberg.usc.edu/.../News/~/.../Asymmetrical2012Report.ash

Stacy L Smith, Marc Chourceiti & Stephanie Gall

University of Southern California, Annenberg School of Communications & Journalism

Hollywood Films: +“..of 1,425 speaking characters only 32.6% are female...” + “The most recent best picture nominated (2007-10) have nearly as many femle directors as those spanning 30 years (1977-2006)

Feb 22, 2012


THE CELLULOID

CEILING: BEHIND-THE-SCENES EMPLOYMENT

OF WOMEN IN THE TOP 250 FILMS OF

2011

Martha M. Lauzen, Ph.D.

Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film, Univ of San Diego http://womenintvfilm.sdsu.edu/research.html

Annual film industry breakdown of women to men – women directors at 5%

Feb 2012

Article: Sundance Institute

and Women in Film Spotlight Challenges Facing Women

Filmmakers

Melissa Howland

We Are Movie Geeks (also @) http://www.sundance.org/press-center/release/sundance-institute-and-women-in-film-spotlight-challenges-facing-women-film/

Independent Film: only 16.7% submissions to Sundance by women

Jan 23, 2012

Citizen Unindated: How big-

money politics and broadcast

media are poisoning democratic

discourse and undermining U.S.

elections ... and what we can do

about it

Timothy Karr Free Press Pdf link in article: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/timothy-karr/campaign-ads-2012_b_1233354.html

“political influence money

that begins with contributions from wealthy corporations and

individuals and ends up in the bank accounts of some of the most powerful television conglomerates in

the United States.”

January 2012

EARLIER THAN 2012 – BUT IMPORTANT

Race and Gender-

Consciousness Policies; Toward A More Egalitarian

Communications Future

By Carolyn M. Byerly, Yong Jin Park & Reginald D. Miles

The Howard Media Group, Published in Journal of Information Policy, Vol 1.

“Women have found the

greatest difficulty gaining

legal ground for gender

equality in

communications policy.” +Women own-5%TV; 6%Radio +Minorities own

Late 2011

Exploring the Digital Nation Computer and Internet Use At

Home

Economics and Statistics

Administration &

National

Telecommunicati

ons and

Information

Administration

U.S. Department of Commerce

Development of high-speed internet and its correlation w/ net access and economic growth

Nov 2011


Social Justice Documentary

Designing for Impact

www.centerforsocialmedia.org/designing-impact

Jessica Clark and Barbara Abrash

Center for Social Media, American University and Center for Media, Culture and History, New York University

Case study of six

documentaries for their

social impact – esp interesting comment

regarding women's

organizations lack of awareness about social

uses of media

Sept 2011

The Contract with Women of the USA State legislators

Initiative 1996-2011

Center for Women Policy Studies http://www.centerwomenpolicy.org/programs/contract/TheContractwithWomenoftheUSAReportJune2011.asp

Examination of 12 points of Beijing Platform for Action; Media is Platform J

June 2011

Global Report on the Status of Women in New Media

http://iwmf.org/pioneering-change/global-research-on-women-in-the-news-media.aspx

By Carolyn M.Byerly

International Women’s Media Foundation

Global survey on news, heavy on print, less radio & TV-forms a baseline + “73 percent of the top management jobs are occupied by men”

March 2011

Behind the Scenes of

Women's Broadcast Ownership

By Carolyn M. Byerly

Howard Journal of Communications http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10646175.2011.546740

Women own less than 6%

of broadcast stations: how do they enter this market & how do communications policy, economics and

sexual politics exclude women from ownership

Name It Change It, sexism and Equality Don’t Mix

www.lakeresearch.com

Lake Research Partners

Suvey of 800 votes on hypothetical Congressional contest between a female & male candidate

Sep 2010

SNAPSHOT: Foundation

Support for Gender Justice Media Organizations

www.mediaequity.org

Ariel Dougherty

Media Equity Collaborative

In examinating 20 sample women directed media orgs & their support, underscores lack of core, sustained support for this field

June 2010

Where Are The Women?

http://www.npr.org/blogs/ombudsman/2010/04/where_are_the_women.html

Alicia C. Shepard

National Public Radio by their Ombudsman

“when it comes to female voices from outside NPR, the network is not as diverse on air as it would like to think”

April 2010


WHO MAKES THE NEWS

http://whomakesthenews.org/

Forward by Margaret Gallagher

Global Media Monitoring Project

MOST

SIGNIFICANT

GLOBAL STUDY every-5-yr report on gender in global media 24% - women in print

and airtime (Globally)

28% - (US & Canada)

Feb 2010

“Why So Few: Women in Science, Technology,

Engineering and Mathematics”

Catherine Hill American Association of University Women (AAUW) http://www.aauw.org/learn/research/whysofew.cfm

“profiles of eight key research findings that point to environmental and

social barriers – including stereotypes, gender bias and the climate of science

and engineering departments in colleges and universities – that

continue to block women’s participation and progress in science, technology, engineering, and math.”

2010

Gender in Televised Sports:

News and Highlight Shows, 1989-2009.

http://www.usc.edu/dept/cfr/html/home.htm

Michael Messner and Cheryl Cooky

University of Southern California

Women’s sports news coverage has evaporated to an appalling 1.6% (2009) from an abysmal high of 8.7% (1999)

2009

Digital Inclusion: Working Both Sides of the Equation

Chapter in Communications

Research in Action: Scholar-Activist

Collaborations for a … By Philip M.

Napoli

By Dorothy Kidd with Eloise Lee

Department of Media Studies, University of San Francisco a project of Media Alliance

Excellent activist project that develops creative media policy models within a community setting. All women participants in project

2010

GERMINAL STUDY

Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls www.apa.org/pi/wpo/sexualization.html

Eileen L.Zurbriggen,PhD (Chair) Rebecca L.Collins,PhD Sharon Lamb,EdD Tomi-Ann Roberts,PhD Deborah L.Tolman,EdD

L.Monique Ward,PhD Jeanne Blake (Public Member)

American Psychological Association 750 First Street,NE, Washington,DC

20002-4242.

Germinal study – “Virtually every media form studied provides ample

evidence of the sexualization of women, including television, music videos, music lyrics, movies, magazines, sports media, video games, the Internet and advertising”

2007

Contact, Media & Technology Co-chairs: Shireen Mitchell, 202.642.1881 [email protected]

Ariel Dougherty, 575.740.5868 [email protected] @MediaEquity MTTF, NCWO 714 G Street, SE, Washington, DC 20003

33 reports on media gender bias in 2012 addendum to eeoc

Documents