31st congress of zoology international
TRANSCRIPT
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Rhinoceros sivalensis from Dhok Rhinoceros sivalensis from Dhok Pathan Formation, The Middle Pathan Formation, The Middle
Siwaliks of PakistanSiwaliks of Pakistan
Khadija Sarwar, Abdul Majid Khan &Khadija Sarwar, Abdul Majid Khan &Muhammad AkhtarMuhammad Akhtar
Department of Zoology, Department of Zoology, University of PunjabUniversity of Punjab
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Introduction to Siwaliks Introduction to Siwaliks HillsHills
South SaltRange.South SaltRange.North MargallaHillsNorth MargallaHillsEast Jhelum River.East Jhelum River.WestWest Indus River Indus River.
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Areas Of Fossil Collection In SiwaliksAreas Of Fossil Collection In Siwaliks
EpochAge (Million Years ago)
Siwaliks (Sub Group)
Formations Zones
0.5Boulder
Conglomerate
1
3
456
6.5789
10.511
11.5121314 Chinji
15161718
18.3
Miocene 25-10Ma
3.5
3.2
Lower Siwaliks
10.1
Nagri
Chinji
14.2
Middle Siwaliks
11.2
10
Nagri
Soan
Kamlial
Chinji
Kamlial
Dhok Pathan
Areas of Collection in Siwaliks
Pinjor
Tatrot
Pliestocene 2Ma to 11000 Years ago
Upper Siwaliks2
Pliocene 10-2Ma
Dhok Pathan
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The STUDY SECTIONThe STUDY SECTION Dhok PathanDhok Pathan
AgeAge
Early to Middle PlioceneEarly to Middle PlioceneThicknessThickness
600-950m600-950mType localityType locality
Lies in the district Chakwal of Punjab province. Lies in the district Chakwal of Punjab province. It is the type locality of the Dhok Pathan Formation.It is the type locality of the Dhok Pathan Formation.LithologyLithology
Dhok Pathan Formation is composed of Dhok Pathan Formation is composed of sandstone with alternate clay and minor layers of sandstone with alternate clay and minor layers of conglomerate is lower part and more conglomerates with conglomerate is lower part and more conglomerates with sandstone and clay is upper part and this Formation has sandstone and clay is upper part and this Formation has excellent cyclic deposition of sandstone and shale.excellent cyclic deposition of sandstone and shale.
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OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES
To study the systematics of To study the systematics of RhinoceroseRhinocerose sivalensissivalensis 10-3.5 million 10-3.5 million years old.years old.
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Fossil Collection
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Rhinoceros sivalensis
An Extinct species of Rhinoceros
A large species of genus Rhinoceros
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DENTAL FORMULA OF DENTAL FORMULA OF RHINOCEROS RHINOCEROS
1-2/0-1, 0/11-2/0-1, 0/13-4/3-4, 3/33-4/3-4, 3/3
(I.C.P.M)(I.C.P.M)
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TERMINOLOGY AND TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF MORPHOLOGY OF
RHINOCEROS TOOTH CROWN RHINOCEROS TOOTH CROWN MODIFIED MODIFIED
AFTER HEISSIG (1972).AFTER HEISSIG (1972).
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Identification ParameterIdentification Parameter
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPER GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPER PREMOLAR OF RHINOCEROSPREMOLAR OF RHINOCEROS
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPER GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPER MOLAR OF RHINOCEROSMOLAR OF RHINOCEROS
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CLASSIFICATION OF THE TAXON DESCRIBED IN CLASSIFICATION OF THE TAXON DESCRIBED IN THE PRESENT STUDY(PROTHERO AND SCHOCH, THE PRESENT STUDY(PROTHERO AND SCHOCH, 1989)1989)
Phylum ChordataPhylum ChordataSubphylum VertebrataSubphylum VertebrataClass Mammalia Linneaus,1758Class Mammalia Linneaus,1758Order Perissodactyla Owen,1848Order Perissodactyla Owen,1848Family Rhinocerotidea Owen,1845Family Rhinocerotidea Owen,1845Subfamily Rhinocerotinae Owen,1845Subfamily Rhinocerotinae Owen,1845Tribe Rhinocerotini Owen,1845Tribe Rhinocerotini Owen,1845Sub tribe Rhinocerotina Owen,1845Sub tribe Rhinocerotina Owen,1845Genus Rhinoceros Linneaus,1758 Genus Rhinoceros Linneaus,1758 Species Rhinoceros sivalensis Species Rhinoceros sivalensis Falconer and Falconer and
Cautely,1847Cautely,1847
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Studied SpecimenRhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis
PUPC 09/115 PUPC 09/115 (RP2-M1)(RP2-M1) The teeth are in late
wear There is no crista but
strongly developed antecrochet and weakly developed crochet is present
Entrance of median valley is narrow and open lingually
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Rhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis PUPC 09/115 PUPC 09/115 (LM1)(LM1)
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Studeied SpecimenStudeied SpecimenRhinoceros sivalensis Rhinoceros sivalensis PUPC 88/843a PUPC 88/843a (LM1-M3), (LM1-M3),
buccal view, scale bar 30 mmbuccal view, scale bar 30 mm
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Studeied SpecimenStudeied SpecimenRhinoceros sivalensis Rhinoceros sivalensis PUPC 88/843b PUPC 88/843b (LM1-M3), (LM1-M3),
occlusal view, scale bar 30 mmocclusal view, scale bar 30 mm
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Daignostic Features Of Molars Of Rhinoceros sivalensis
Molars with parastyle buttress A distinct crochet may unite with
protoloph to enclose a fossette. Crista or cristella are absent A strongly parastyle,no mesostyle Protocone is constricted by anterior and
posterior grooves Metaloph somewhat short,very
backwardly directed on M2.
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Measurments in mm of Measurments in mm of Rhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis
Tooth Tooth positionposition
P2P2 P3P3 P4P4 M1M1 M2M2 M3M3
LengthLength 3535 41.541.5 4545 4848 5353 4646
WidthWidth 3737 4848 5252 5151 5656 4949
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Comparision Between R.sivalensis,R.unicornis,R.sondaicus
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
P2 P3 P4 P2 P3 P4
Length width
R.sivalensis
R.unicornis
R.sondaicus
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
M1 M2 M3 M1 M2 M3
Length width
R.sivalensis
R.unicornis
R.sondaicus
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Previously Previously RhinoceroseRhinocerose sivalensissivalensis was recorded from Upper Siwaliks of was recorded from Upper Siwaliks of Pakistan but in this study it is Pakistan but in this study it is recovered from the Dhok Pathan recovered from the Dhok Pathan formations, the Middle Siwaliks, formations, the Middle Siwaliks, drawbacks the biostratigraphic range drawbacks the biostratigraphic range of this species from Late Miocene to of this species from Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene. Middle Pliocene.
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Thank you