CHAPTER 3 – NUCLEIC ACIDS, PROTEINS AND ENZYMES

3.1 Nucleic Acids are Informational Macromolecule Diagram and describe the structure

of the DNA molecule including: The monomer and its parts (all

variations) Difference between purines and

pyrimidines Reaction that links the monomers into

the polymer and the bond formed What do we mean by 5’ and 3’ ends

of DNA? How is this terminology used to

describe how the chain is built?

3.1 Nucleic Acids are Informational Macromolecule Compare and contrast the structure

and function of DNA and RNA

Describe how complimentary base pairing works. Who pairs with who and why?

3.1 Nucleic Acids are Informational Macromolecule Describe the flow of information that

occurs in the following Replication Transcription Translation

Describe the relationship between a gene and a protein

3.2 Proteins are Polymers with important structural and

metabolic roles Know the roles of proteins in a cell

Diagram and label the structure of an amino acid What parts are key for condensation?

What bond forms? What part is unique for each amino acid?

3.2 Proteins are Polymers with important structural and

metabolic roles While you do not need to commit all

20 amino acids or their names to memory, you SHOULD be able to predict the characteristics of an amino acid if shown the structure

3.2 Proteins are Polymers with important structural and

metabolic roles Differentiate between primary,

secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins including relevant shapes, bonds and parts of the amino acids that are involved

Be aware of which of these bonds are strong/weak

3.2 Proteins are Polymers with important structural and

metabolic roles Why is the 3D shape of a protein

significant?

In what specific ways can the environment impact the 3D shape of a protein.

3.3 Some proteins act as enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions

Review energetics from chapter 2 Explain all parts of the diagrams

below

3.3 Some proteins act as enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions

Explain how an enzyme catalyzed reaction works How is the energy barrier lowered? How is the 3D structure of the protein

significant for the function of the enzyme?

Compare the characteristics of coenzymes, cofactors and prosthetic groups

3.3 Some proteins act as enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions

Describe the relationship between substrate concentration and the rate of a reaction

3.4 Regulation of metabolism occurs by regulation of

enzymes Why is it necessary for cells to

regulate enzymes?

3.4 Regulation of metabolism occurs by regulation of

enzymes

Compare the following mechanisms of regulation Irreversible inhibition Reversible inhibition

Competitive Non-competitive

Feedback inhibition Allosteric regulation

3.4 Regulation of metabolism occurs by regulation of

enzymes

Explain the specific ways the environment can affect an enzyme and how pH Temperature