31 days before your comptia a+ certification...

• 800 East 96th Street • Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA

31 Days Before YourCompTIA A+ Certification Exam

Laura Schuster

Dave Holzinger

A Day-by-Day Review Guide

for the CompTIA 220-901 and

220-902 Certification Exams

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31 Days Before Your CompTIA A+ Certification ExamCopyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans-mitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-5816-3ISBN-10: 0-7897-5816-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016952289

Printed in the United States of America

First Printing: October 2016

TrademarksAll terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Pearson IT Certification cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or ser-vice mark.

Warning and DisclaimerEvery effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no war-ranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book.

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Editor-in-Chief Mark Taub

Product Line Manager Brett Bartow

Executive Editor Mary Beth Ray

Development Editor Ellie Bru

Managing Editor Sandra Schroeder

Senior Project Editor Tonya Simpson

Copy Editor Megan Wade-Taxter

Indexer WordWise Publishing

Proofreader Paula Lowell

Technical Editor Chris Crayton

Publishing Coordinator Vanessa Evans

Cover Designer Chuti Prasertsith

Compositor Mary Sudul

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About the AuthorsLaura Schuster has been working in the information systems field since 1979. She has held numerous IT positions, including systems analyst, network administrator, consultant, project manager, and technical support manager. She currently works as a full-time professor at Owens Community College in Toledo, Ohio. She teaches A+, Network+, and other information systems courses. Laura has an MOD in organizational development, is an MCNE, and holds CompTIA A+, Network+, and Oracle certifications.

Dave Holzinger has been a curriculum developer, project manager, author, and technical editor for the Cisco Networking Academy program in Phoenix, Arizona, since 2001. Dave has helped develop many online courses, including IT Essentials, CCNA, and CCNP. He has been working with computer hardware and software since 1981. Dave has certifications from Cisco, BICSI, and CompTIA, including the A+.

About the Technical ReviewerChris Crayton (MCSE) is an author, a technical consultant, and a trainer. He has worked as a computer technology and networking instructor, an information security director, a network administrator, a network engineer, and a PC specialist. Chris has authored several print and online books on PC repair, CompTIA A+, CompTIA Security+, and Microsoft Windows. He also has served as technical editor and content contributor on numerous technical titles for several leading publishing companies. He holds numerous industry certifications, has been recognized with many professional teaching awards, and has served as a state-level SkillsUSA competition judge.

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DedicationLaura Schuster: This book is dedicated to my husband Craig, who has always supported my efforts and tolerated my crazy personality.

Dave Holzinger: I would like to dedicate this book to my wife Jacqueline, without whom I would not be in this field. She pushes me to succeed and always has my back.

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AcknowledgmentsLaura Schuster: It has been a great pleasure working with Allan Johnson and Mary Beth Ray from Pearson on this book. Their expertise and helpfulness were crucial in keeping us on track and taking us through the process. My co-author Dave Holzinger was a joy to work with and so help-ful when I would get stuck. Chris Crayton’s expertise as a technical editor was invaluable, and his critiques were absolutely essential.

Dave Holzinger: I would like to thank Allan Johnson for recommending me to Pearson and his help and support along the way. My co-author Laura Schuster has done such an amazing job on this, her first book. She has been fantastic to work with. Also, thanks to Mary Beth Ray, Ellie Bru, and Chris Crayton. They have been helpful, supportive, knowledgeable, and professional. This book is a much better book because of all their hard work.

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Contents at a GlanceIntroduction xviii

Day 31: BIOS/UEFI Settings 1

Day 30: Motherboard Components 9

Day 29: PC Component Installation, Part 1 19


Day 27: Peripheral Devices and Connectors 41

Day 26: Printer Installation 55

Day 25: Printer Technologies and Maintenance 65

Day 24: Network Cabling 77

Day 23: IP Addressing 83

Day 22: Ports and Protocols 93

Day 21: SOHO Router Installation 101

Day 20: Network Devices and Internet Connections 107

Day 19: Laptop Components and Features 121

Day 18: Mobile Device Components and Features 129

Day 17: Hardware Troubleshooting, Part 1 135

Day 16: Network Troubleshooting and Tools 143


Day 14: Windows Installation 171

Day 13: Windows Tools 189

Day 12: Windows Networking and Maintenance 209

Day 11: Mac and Linux Operating Systems 227

Day 10: Client-side Virtualization and Cloud Concepts 235

Day 9: Network Services 241

Day 8: Mobile Operating Systems Management 245

Day 7: Security Threat Prevention 255

Day 6: User Access, Device Security, and Data Disposal 263

Day 5: SOHO Security Implementation 271

Day 4: PC Operating System and Security Troubleshooting 277

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Day 3: Mobile OS and Security Troubleshooting 291

Day 2: Safety and Environmental Procedures 299

Day 1: Professionalism and Troubleshooting Methodology 307

Exam Day 313

Post-Exam Information 315

Index 319

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ContentsIntroduction xviii

Day 31: BIOS/UEFI Settings 1

CompTIA A+ 220-901 Exam Topics 1

Key Topics 1

Purpose of the BIOS 1

Booting with BIOS 3

Accessing the Physical BIOS 3

The POST 4

Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor 4

UEFI 5

Booting with UEFI 6

Firmware Upgrades 7

Boot Security Measures 7

Study Resources 8

Day 30: Motherboard Components 9


Key Topics 9

Motherboards 9

CPU Sockets 11

Chipsets 12

Clock Rates 13

RAM Slots 14

Expansion Slots 16

Power Connectors 17

Study Resources 18



Key Topics 19

Motherboard Preparation and Installation 19

Install Expansion Cards 24

Install Storage Devices 25

Study Resources 28

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Key Topics 29

PC Connection Interfaces 29

Install Power Supply 35

Custom PC Configurations 37

Study Resources 39

Day 27: Peripheral Devices and Connectors 41


Key Topics 41

Types of Display Devices 41

Video Settings 43

Analog Versus Digital Displays 45

Privacy/Antiglare Filters 46

Using Multiple Displays 46

Display Connector Types 47

Device Cables and Connectors 50

Installing and Configuring Common Peripheral Devices 52

Study Resources 54

Day 26: Printer Installation 55


Key Topics 55

Selecting a Printer 55

Installing Printers 55

Installing Multifunction Printers for SOHO 56

Printer Drivers 57

Configuring the Printer 57

Local Connections 58

Network Printer Installation 59

Wireless Printing 62

Cloud Printing/Remote Printing 62

Apple Printing 62

Secure Printing 62

Study Resources 63

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Day 25: Printer Technologies and Maintenance 65


Key Topics 65

Printer Types and Features 65

Printer Connections 73

Printer Maintenance and Optimization 74

Study Resources 76

Day 24: Network Cabling 77


Key Topics 77

Fiber 77

Twisted Pair 78

Coaxial 81

Study Resources 82

Day 23: IP Addressing 83


Key Topics 83

IP Version 4 83

Client-side DHCP 88

Client-side DNS 88

Classless Inter-domain Routing 88

IP Version 6 89

Study Resources 91

Day 22: Ports and Protocols 93


Key Topics 93

Common Ports 93

Common Protocols 96

Study Resources 100

Day 21: SOHO Router Installation 101


Key Topics 101

Wireless Standards 101

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SOHO Router Configuration 101

Study Resources 105

Day 20: Network Devices and Internet Connections 107


Key Topics 107

Connecting to an ISP 107

Wireless Connections 111

Network Types 113

Networking Devices 115

Study Resources 119

Day 19: Laptop Components and Features 121


Key Topics 121

Laptop Expansion Options 121

Laptop Hardware Replacement 122

Laptop Displays 125

Laptop Features 126

Laptop Accessories 126

Study Resources 127

Day 18: Mobile Device Components and Features 129


Key Topics 129

Tablets and Smartphones 129

Specialty Mobile Devices 130

Wearable Devices 130

Mobile Device Connection Types 131

Mobile Device Accessories 133

Study Resources 134



Key Topics 135

Troubleshooting Motherboards 135

Troubleshooting RAM 136

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Troubleshooting CPUs 137

Troubleshooting Power 138

Troubleshooting Hard Drives 139

Troubleshooting RAID Arrays 139

Troubleshooting Video, Projector, and Display Issues 140

Study Resources 141

Day 16: Network Troubleshooting and Tools 143


Key Topics 143

Common Network Symptoms 143

Cabling Tools 144

Command-line Tools 146

Study Resources 154



Key Topics 155

Troubleshooting Mobile Devices and Laptops 155

Troubleshooting Printers 163

Troubleshooting Printer Installation 166

Maintaining Printers 166

Optimizing Printers 168

Study Resources 169

Day 14: Windows Installation 171


Key Topics 171

Windows Features 171

Installing Windows 175

Study Resources 187

Day 13: Windows Tools 189


Key Topics 189

Microsoft Command-line Tools 189

Administrative Tools 191

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System Utilities 199

Windows Control Panel Utilities 200

Study Resources 207

Day 12: Windows Networking and Maintenance 209


Key Topics 209

Domains Versus Homegroups Versus Workgroups 209

Establishing Network Connections 216

Preventive Maintenance Procedures 220

Study Resources 225

Day 11: Mac and Linux Operating Systems 227


Key Topics 227

Features of Mac and Linux 227

Mac and Linux Tools 229

The Terminal 230

Mac and Linux Best Practices 232

Study Resources 233

Day 10: Client-side Virtualization and Cloud Concepts 235


Key Topics 235

Virtual Machines and Their Requirements 235

Cloud Concepts and Services 237

Study Resources 239

Day 9: Network Services 241


Key Topics 241

Server Roles 241

Internet Appliances 242

Study Resources 243

Day 8: Mobile Operating Systems Management 245


Key Topics 245

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Mobile Operating Systems Features 245

Mobile Device Connectivity and Email 249

Firmware, Updates, and Identification 252

Mobile Device Data Synchronization 252

Study Resources 253

Day 7: Security Threat Prevention 255


Key Topics 255

Common Security Threats and Vulnerabilities 255

Common Prevention Methods 257

Study Resources 261

Day 6: User Access, Device Security, and Data Disposal 263


Key Topics 263

Windows OS Security Settings 263

Security Best Practices to Secure a Workstation 266

Securing Mobile Devices 267

Data Destruction and Disposal Methods 268

Study Resources 270

Day 5: SOHO Security Implementation 271


Key Topics 271

Wireless Security 271

Study Resources 276

Day 4: PC Operating System and Security Troubleshooting 277


Key Topics 277

Troubleshooting Operating Systems 277

Common PC Security Issues 287

Study Resources 290

Day 3: Mobile OS and Security Troubleshooting 291


Key Topics 291

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Troubleshooting Mobile OS and Application Issues 291

OS and Application Tools 293

Troubleshooting Mobile OS and Application Security Issues 294

Mobile OS and Application Security Tools 296

Study Resources 297

Day 2: Safety and Environmental Procedures 299


Key Topics 299

Safety Procedures 299

Proper Component Handling and Storage 303

Incident Response and Licensing 304

Study Resources 305

Day 1: Professionalism and Troubleshooting Methodology 307


Key Topics 307

Proper Communication Techniques 307

Applying the Troubleshooting Theory 309

Study Resources 311

Exam Day 313

What You Need for the Exam 313

What You Should Receive After Completion 313

Summary 314

Post-Exam Information 315

Receiving Your Certificate 315

Examining Certification Options 315

If You Failed the Exam 316

Summary 317

Index 319

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We Want to Hear from You!As the reader of this book, you are our most important critic and commentator. We value your opinion and want to know what we’re doing right, what we could do better, what areas you’d like to see us publish in, and any other words of wisdom you’re willing to pass our way.

We welcome your comments. You can email or write to let us know what you did or didn’t like about this book—as well as what we can do to make our books better.

Please note that we cannot help you with technical problems related to the topic of this book.

When you write, please be sure to include this book’s title and author as well as your name and email address. We will carefully review your comments and share them with the author and editors who worked on the book.

Email: [email protected]

Mail: Pearson IT CertificationATTN: Reader Feedback800 East 96th StreetIndianapolis, IN 46240 USA

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xviii 31 Days Before Your CompTIA A+ Certification Exam

Introduction31 Days Before Your CompTIA A+ Certification Exam is a powerful tool to use as a link between all the preparation work you have done so far and taking the CompTIA A+ exams. It will take you through each objective and make certain that you have learned all the material. Every day for the next 31 days, you will cover from one to three objectives. This strategy will help you focus on a topic and not be overwhelmed with the amount of tested material.

However, you might be reading this book at the beginning of your studies. If this is the case, then this book will provide you with an excellent overview of the material you will be studying. Working with this book and some of the additional resources provided here will prepare you to pass the exams. In either case, when you are well prepared for the exam, your stress level is greatly reduced, which makes for a better exam experience.

This book counts down starting from Day 31 until you reach Day 1. The first 17 days (Day 31 through Day 15) are dedicated to the 220-901 exam. The last 14 days are dedicated to the 220-902 exam. After the first 17 days, you might want to take the 220-901 and then complete the second half of the book. This strategy can help you break up the amount of knowledge and study necessary for both exams.

Study ResourcesPearson provides an abundance of books and video resources to serve you well as you learn and study for the exams. At the end of each day, we list where in the following resources you can go to find more information if you feel uncertain. You might already own many of these resources. If not, you can find them at www.pearsonitcertification.com.

Primary ResourcesOne of the primary resources that we used for this book is the CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exam Cram (ISBN 9780789756312) by David L. Prowse. It provides comprehensive coverage of the exam material with excellent support resources, such as practice exams, real-world scenarios, and cram quizzes.

CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Cert Guide, Fourth Edition (ISBN 9780789756527) by Mark Edward Soper is another excellent resource. This book has a great deal of content and provides key topics along the way to help facilitate your understanding. It also provides memory tables at the end that provide an easy way to memorize content.

Cisco Networking Academy offers an introductory course called IT Essentials that covers computer hardware and software, as well as operating systems, networking concepts, mobile devices, IT security, and troubleshooting. All CompTIA A+ exam objectives from both exams are covered. The IT Essentials version 6 books that support this course are published by Cisco Press/Pearson and are referenced as a primary resource within this study guide for those of you who might have taken that course: IT Essentials v6 Companion Guide (ISBN 9781587133558) and IT Essentials v6 Lab Manual (ISBN 9781587133541).

Finally, the Complete CompTIA A+ Guide to IT Hardware and Software, Seventh Edition (ISBN 9780789756459) by Cheryl A. Schmidt is an academic approach to the material that includes exercises, activities, labs, and review questions.

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Supplemental ResourcesIn addition to those primary resources, there is a set of videos that we would recommend. They are the CompTIA A+ 220-901 Complete Video Course (ISBN 9780789756466) and the CompTIA A+ 220-902 Complete Video Course (ISBN 9780789757302) by David L. Prowse (also available together as a set as CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Complete Video Course Library; ISBN 9780134510286). With more than 19 hours of video training, the two video courses provide a demonstration of the material being covered, including hands-on demonstrations, audio instructions, animations, whiteboard training, and configurations. The Complete Video Course also includes numerous hands-on networking, OS, and UI demos; real-world troubleshooting methods; and security concepts with hands-on solutions.

So, which resources should you buy? That question is largely up to how deep your pockets are or how much you like books. If you are on a budget, then choose one of the primary study resources and one of the supplemental resources, such as the Cert Guide and the CompTIA A+ 901 and 902 Complete Video Course library. Whatever you choose, you will be in good hands. Any or all of these authors will serve you well.

Goals and MethodsThe main goal of this book is to provide you with a clear and succinct review of the A+ 220-901 and 220-902 objectives. Each day’s exam topics are grouped into a common conceptual framework and use the following format:

■ A title for the day that concisely states the overall topic

■ A list of the CompTIA A+ objectives being covered

■ A Key Topics section to introduce the review material and quickly orient you to the day’s focus

■ An extensive review section consisting of short paragraphs, lists, tables, examples, and graphics

■ Activities that match the material being covered throughout the chapter

■ A Study Resources section to provide you a quick reference for locating more in-depth treat-ment of the day’s topics

■ A Check Your Understanding quiz covering the content

The book counts down starting with Day 31 and continues through exam day to provide post-test information. Please note that the first 17 days (Day 31 through Day 15) are dedicated to the 220-901 exam. The last 14 days are dedicated to the 220-902 exam. After the first 17 days, you might want to take the 220-901 exam and then complete the second half of the book. This strategy can help you break up the amount of knowledge and study necessary for both exams. If you do, read “Exam Day” before each exam. You will also find a calendar and checklist inside the book that you can tear out and use during your exam preparation.

Use the calendar to enter each actual date beside the countdown day and the exact day, time, and location of each of your CompTIA A+ exams. The calendar provides a visual for the time you can dedicate to each exam topic.

The checklist highlights important tasks and deadlines leading up to your exam. Use it to help map out your studies.

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xx 31 Days Before Your CompTIA A+ Certification Exam

Who Should Read This Book?The audience for this book is anyone finishing his or her preparation for taking the CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 exams. A secondary audience is anyone needing a refresher review of the CompTIA A+ exam topics—possibly before attempting to recertify. Another possible audience is those who are just getting started studying for the exam and want an overview of what they will encounter and what they need to know.

Getting to Know the CompTIA A+ 220-901 and 220-902 Exams The A+ certification is held by more than 1 million IT professionals worldwide. It is the beginning of a path in the IT industry. It validates understanding of common hardware and software technologies used in business and is a powerful credential that will help get you a job in the IT field.

The CompTIA A+ 220-901 exam covers PC hardware and peripherals, mobile device hardware, and network connectivity issues. The CompTIA A+ 220-902 exam covers installing and configuring operating systems, including Windows, iOS, Android, Apple OS X, and Linux. It also addresses security, cloud computing, and operational procedures.

The exam has a maximum of 90 multiple-choice (single- and multiple-response), drag-and-drop, and performance-based questions. You will have 90 minutes to complete them. For the 220-901 exam, a passing score is 675 out of a possible 900 points. A passing score for the 220-902 exam is 700 out of a possible 900 points.

If you’ve never taken a certification exam before with Pearson VUE, a video titled What to Expect in a Pearson VUE Test Center nicely summarizes the experience (it is 2 minutes and 45 seconds long). You can search for it on YouTube.

When you get to the testing center and check in, the proctor will verify your identity, give you some general instructions, and then take you into a quiet room containing testing stations with computers. When you’re at the PC, you have a few things to do before the timer starts on your exam. For instance, you can take the tutorial to get accustomed to the PC and the testing engine. Even if you are familiar with how the test engine works, taking the tutorial can help settle your nerves and get focused. Anyone who has user-level skills in getting around a PC should have no problems with the testing environment.

What Topics Are Covered on the A+ ExamsTable I-1 summarizes the four domains of the A+ 220-901 exam.

Table I-1 A+ 220-901 Exam Domains and Weightings

Domain % of Examination

1.0 Hardware 34%

2.0 Networking 21%

3.0 Mobile Devices 17%

4.0 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 28%

Total 100%

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Table I-2 summarizes the five domains of the A+ 220-902 exam.

Table I-2 A+ 220-902 Exam Domains and Weightings

Domain % of Examination

1.0 Windows Operating System 29%

2.0 Other Operating Systems & Technologies 12%

3.0 Security 22%

4.0 Software Troubleshooting 24%

5.0 Operational Procedures 13%

Total 100%

Registering for the A+ 220-901 and 220-902 ExamsIf you are starting 31 Days Before Your CompTIA A+ Certification Exam today, register for the first exam right now. There is no better motivator than a scheduled test date staring you in the face. Don’t worry about unforeseen circumstances—you can cancel your exam registration for a full refund up to 24 hours before taking the exam. So if you’re ready, you should gather the following information and register right now!

■ Legal name

■ Social Security or passport number

■ Company name

■ Valid email address

■ Method of payment

You can schedule your exam at any time by visiting http://www.pearsonvue.com/comptia/. We recommend you schedule it now for 31 days from today, or if you want to take the first exam when you are done with the 901 material, schedule the first exam for 17 days from today. The process and available test times will vary based on the local testing center you choose.

Digital Study GuidePearson offers this book in an online digital format that includes enhancements such as activities and Check Your Understanding questions—plus full-length exams for each test.

31 Days Before Your CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Digital Study Guide is available for a discount for anyone who purchases this book. There are details about redeeming this offer in the back of the book.

■ Read the complete text of the book on any web browser that supports HTML5—including mobile.

■ Reinforce key concepts with more than 50 dynamic and interactive hands-on exercises, and see the results with the click of a button.

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xxii 31 Days Before Your CompTIA A+ Certification Exam

■ Test your understanding of the material at the end of each day with more than 350 fully interactive online quiz questions, PLUS a full-length final quiz for each exam of 90 questions each that mimic the type you will see in the CompTIA A+ certification exam.

Throughout this book there are references to the Digital Study Guide enhancements that look like this:

Activity: Identify Ports on a Computer

Refer to the Digital Study Guide to complete this activity.

Check Your Understanding

Refer to the Digital Study Guide to take a 10 question quiz covering the content of this day.

When you are at these points in the Digital Study Guide, you can start the enhancement. You can take the Practice Exams at the end of Day 1 at any time.

?

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Day 26Printer Installation

CompTIA A+ 220-901 Exam Topics ■ Objective 1.12: Install and configure common peripheral devices.

■ Objective 1.13: Install SOHO multifunction device/printers and configure appropriate settings.

Key TopicsToday we will be focusing on installing printers in both a local and networked setting. This includes configuring appropriate settings as well as touching on topics such as wireless, cloud, and remote printing. We also will cover installing small office/home office (SOHO) multifunction devices and printers.

Selecting a PrinterConsulting users to determine their needs is the first step to take when selecting a printer. Ensure that the printer meets the needs of the users in terms of speed, amount of printing needed, consum-ables, and options. For a networked printer, make sure it has the correct network adapter installed. Look for the letter N in the name of the model number. It usually indicates a printer with a built-in network adapter. For a local printer, make certain that the printer drivers are compatible with the operating systems (OSes) being used.

Installing PrintersInstructions for installing a printer vary based on the connection being used and the options includ-ed. It is important to read the instructions that come with the printer and follow them exactly.

When installing a printer directly to the computer, the only connections to deal with are one for power and the connection to the PC. The connection to the PC can be through a serial, parallel, FireWire, SCSI, or USB port. Devices that connect through a USB connection are considered hot-swappable and may require the driver to be installed before attaching the printer. The most com-monly used connection when going directly from the computer to a printer is USB.

Connect the printer to the correct port on the computer, and then plug the power cable into a wall outlet. For most printers, it is best to also use a surge protector. Do not use an uninterruptible power source (UPS) for a laser printer due to the high voltage the printer requires.

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56 31 Days Before Your CompTIA A+ Certification Exam

Installing Multifunction Printers for SOHOMultifunction printers usually are used in SOHO environments. They typically connect using a USB port or wirelessly. It is best to update the device driver before connecting the printer to avoid outdated driver issues.

When installing a multifunction device, the driver often comes with additional programs that sup-port faxing, copying, and scanning capabilities. You might need to remove or configure them depending on which portions of the device you intend to use and which programs make sense.

FaxingThe faxing part of the printer will need to connect to a phone line. Features can include any of the following:

■ Answering machine

■ Color printout

■ Receive and send capabilities

■ Sent/Received forwarding to email capability

■ TCP/IP methods for network and Internet faxing

CopyingCopying requires that the printer have an automatic document feeder. If copying will be a heavily used function, consider a separate copy machine. The copying part of the printer can include some or all of the following capabilities:

■ Finishing, such as duplex, stapling, hole punching, and folding

■ Booklet pagination

■ Scaling and resolution

■ Page numbering

ScanningMultifunction printers usually provide only basic scanning capabilities. The scanning part of the printer includes the following features:

■ Retrieval from storage

■ Automatic document feeder

■ Duplexing

■ Multiple formats, including PDF, TIFF, JPEG, and so on

■ Security


Day 26 57

Printer DriversMost printers are plug-and-play (PnP) devices, so when connecting, the OS will install what it needs automatically. If not, insert the disc that came with the device and install the driver and utili-ties. You also can go to the website of the manufacturer to get the latest drivers.

If the correct driver is not installed, the printout will appear as strange characters or garbage print. To determine the correct driver, note the printer manufacturer and the model of the device. It also is important that the driver match the OS version and the edition (32-bit versus 64-bit).

Drivers control many of the printer functions, such as how to handle specific media types, paper size, quality, the correct tray, how many copies, and so on. Some of the functions are controlled by the software using the printer as well as the driver. Page setup can be one of those functions. It can change from portrait to landscape, normal-size page layout versus reduced size or enlarged size, borderless versus borders, fitting to the size of the page, and scaling.

Configuring the PrinterDepending on the printer, configuration options can be found on the device itself, included with the driver, or accessed through a web browser on a networked device. When working with the print driver, right-click the printer and select the Properties option. Selections can include manag-ing print jobs, configuring the print spooler, managing permissions, as well as other options more specific to the device itself.

The first printer installed will become the default printer. This can be changed later when more printers are added. Many applications automatically select the default printer.

Configuration SettingsTypical configuration settings include some or all of the following:

■ Duplexing—Requires a duplexing unit to be installed; prints on both sides of a paper.

■ Collate—Putting pages in order and then in sequence (for example, Print Job 1 – 123, Print Job 2 – 123, Print Job 3 – 123).

■ Orientation—Based on viewing a page vertically (called portrait) versus horizontally (called landscape).

■ Drawers/Trays—Some units can have additional paper trays installed.

■ Finishing—One or two sided (duplex) stapling, collating, banner printing, and spooling settings.

■ Quality—Used to change how much ink is dispersed depending on the importance of the document. It’s measured in dots per inch (DPI); 600 DPI or higher is considered letter quality.

■ Printer Priority—Can be set from 1 to 99; it is possible to install two software printers that print to the same physical printer. This is one scenario in which priority might be useful; two or more physical printers could be combined to create a printer pool where print priority might be an issue.

■ Printing Preferences—Includes page setup, finishing, paper source, and quality.



Print SpoolingPrint spooling is the process of sending the print job to a file one page at a time until the job is fin-ished. This can help alleviate low memory problems on the printer. It also enables the user to con-tinue working while the print job is run in a background process.

Several options are available when working with the print spoolers. The first option is to start the print job immediately. This setting provides one page at a time to be sent to the spooler. The second option is to start printing after the last page is spooled. The entire document is sent to the hard drive and then sent to the printer. Another option is to print directly to the printer and bypass the print spooler altogether. Be sure to have a lot of memory in the printer before choosing this option.

In Windows, the print spooler is controlled by a service. It is the service’s responsibility to print requests and send them to the printer. If the print server fails, the service can be stopped, started, or restarted using the following methods:

■ Computer Management—Open the Computer Management window and expand Services and Applications; then select Services and scroll until you find the Print Spooler. Right-click the service and select Start, Stop, or Restart.

■ Task Manager—Open Task Manager (right-click the taskbar and select it or press Ctrl+Shift+Esc). Then go to the Services tab and scroll until you find the Print Spooler.

■ At the command prompt—Type in net start spooler or net stop spooler.

CalibrationMonitors or computer displays create color images using pixels that contain three colors: red, green, and blue. Printers use cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK). Trying to get the two to match requires a process called calibration. Color and ink jet printers usually provide some type of calibra-tion utility used to calibrate the printer to match the monitor. It can also be performed on the device itself. Calibrating actually aligns the cartridge nozzles to the paper and each other. Without it, the print quality degrades over time. Look for fuzzy lines or colored areas that don’t look right.

Testing the PrinterAfter installing the printer driver, print a test page in Windows to determine whether the instal-lation was successful. The Print Test Page box is usually found on the General tab of the Printer Properties windows. You can find this by going into Devices and Printers in Windows 7 and in 8, by right-clicking the printer, and selecting Printer properties. Some printers offer an option on the print device itself to not only print a test page, but also print the configuration information.

Local ConnectionsIf connecting to a port directly on the computer, the port will be one of the following:

■ USB—Requires a USB cable; printers use the Type B port and the computer a Type A

■ IEEE 1394—Requires a FireWire cable.

■ Serial—9- or 24-pin male/female serial cable.


Day 26 59

■ Infrared (IR)—Must be within 5 meters (16 feet).

■ Wireless—802.11 requires a wireless access point.

■ Bluetooth—Uses Class 2 cable; can be up to 10 meters (33 feet).

Network Printer InstallationNetwork printers can reduce the cost of doing business by allowing multiple users to access a single device. Usually the printer will have a built-in Ethernet connection. Any locally connected printer can be turned into a networked printer by sharing it, or by creating a new TCP/IP port to con-nect. Wireless and Ethernet are the most commonly used network connections for printers. Each should have a specific logical IP address.

When installing a network printer, the Add Printer Wizard scans for available printers on the net-work. When the printer is selected, Windows automatically searches for drivers. If the printer is not found, Windows provides a method of browsing using the printer name or IP address in order to configure the printer manually.

Print ServersA print server is responsible for controlling multiple printers, including the queues, spooling, shar-ing, pooling, and permissions. A Windows client can be configured as a print server, especially if it is sharing multiple devices. A print server also can be a device called an external print server that plugs into the network, and it can be a service on a server, dedicated to managing all network printing.

Figure 26-1 shows how a typical print server might be set up.

Figure 26-1 Print Server Setup

Print server

USB LAN

Reset

Network switch

USB cable

Wirelessnetworked PCcan print

Networked PCcan print

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

UPLINK

100 mpbs

PWR COL

1 10 20 >4010 mpbs



Configuring a Network Printer in WindowsA Microsoft Windows shared printer is also known as a print server. A shared printer is similar to sharing a folder on a Windows machine. Be aware that Windows does not consider a printer as an actual device, but as a program that can provide services for more than one physical printer. It also considers both the drivers and the spooler as part of the printer.

Browsing and connecting to a printer on both workgroups and domains can be accomplished using the printer’s IP address or its name as a URL or by using its universal naming convention (UNC). A UNC name is assigned to a printer to provide users a method to access it. The UNC name is used in Windows OSes to identify both the computer and printer. It is important to know the syn-tax of the name:

Example: \\Win7\AdminInkJet

■ \\Win7 refers to the name of the computer controlling the printer.

■ \AdminInkJet refers to the name of the printer.

Sharing a printer using Microsoft’s OSes is done through the Devices and Printers applet. Support for other versions of OSes that use this printer can be provided by using the Additional Drivers but-ton on the Sharing tab. This enables users to automatically download the correct driver when con-necting. When an update to the driver is available, it only needs to be installed on the print server.

Authentication/AuthorizationNetwork printers usually come with little or no default security. Most printers will allow full access unless specific steps are taken to control it—both physically and through the network. Setting rights for printer authorization and authentication occurs within the domain or workgroup level, not the printer level.

The Devices and Printers applet and Print Management console comprise the methods for manag-ing printers in Microsoft OSes for both local and network printers. Either can be used to set print-ing authorization and permissions.

Share permissions can be used to secure locally shared printers. Share permissions affect only the printer being shared. Permission can be assigned to each person who uses the printer or to a group of users.

Windows provides four types of printer permissions:

■ Print—Each user can print, cancel, pause, or restart documents.

■ Manage documents—Manage all jobs for a printer waiting in the queue.

■ Manage printers—Rename, delete, share, and choose preferences for the printer; choose printer permissions for other users and manage all jobs for the printers (administrator group manage printers by default).

■ Special permissions—Used only by administrators to change the printer owner.


Day 26 61

Printer PoolingA printer pool uses two or more identical physical printers with a single logical printer showing on your computer. Printer pools have the following characteristics:

■ All printers in the pool are identical.

■ All printers must share the same print driver.

■ Printer ports can be mixed.

■ All printers are in one location, which makes it impossible to predict which will print.

The advantage of printer pooling is that one broken printer or one print error will not affect the print jobs coming in behind it. It will be redirected to another printer. It also allows more printers to share the print load, which is especially important for large print jobs that can tie up a printer. Figure 26-2 shows how to set printer pooling under the Ports section of a printer.

Figure 26-2 Enable Printer Pooling

Network ConnectionsA shared printer can use PC ports. A network printer connection includes the most common net-work ports as well as the following:

■ Network connection—RJ-45 connector with unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is the most common.

■ Wireless—Connect using Wi-Fi - 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac) standards or Bluetooth.

■ Others—Includes Apple AirPrint, Epson iPrint, and HPePrint.



Wireless PrintingThe 802.11 standard is the most common wireless standard and usually requires connecting to a wireless access point or a wireless network interface card (NIC). Bluetooth requires a phone, laptop, or tablet with Bluetooth installed. A less standard option includes infrared, which has the shortest range.

Wireless networks usually have two ways of communicating with clients. The first is an ad hoc network in which computers communicate directly with each other through wireless NICs. A computer that comes within range of the network can automatically connect with the correct authentication. This method is very inexpensive and fast (twice as fast as infrastructure mode).

Infrastructure mode includes the use of an access point, which usually connects to a wired network. That means all clients must share the connection to the wired network if any of the devices reside there. To have roaming computers to which you can connect in an infrastructure mode setup, multiple access points need to be configured. Because an access point also can be a router with a firewall, Internet access with some security is likely.

Cloud Printing/Remote PrintingCloud computing provides Internet access to remote printers. The most common cloud printing available is Google’s Cloud Print services. It supports multiple operating systems, and a printer that can use the Google Cloud Print Connector.

Cloud-ready printers connect directly to the Internet and do not require a computer or server for configuration. Once connected, print jobs can be sent from any remote device with the proper authentication. To set up a printer on Google, select chrome://devices on a new tab. For Android devices, go to System and select Printing > Cloud Print; then add the printer.

Apple PrintingApple uses a program called Bonjour to discover devices such as printers as well as other comput-ers, allowing for zero-configuration on a network. A Bonjour name can have upper- and lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens. All names have the .local name extension automatically appended to the Bonjour name.

AirPrint is Apple’s way to wirelessly connect and print documents from a Mac, an iPhone, an iPad, or an iPod without installing any additional software. It also provides connectivity through USB or an Ethernet port.

Secure PrintingWhen copiers, printers, or multifunction machines are repaired or disposed of, one of the con-siderations must be the possibility that data still resides on the machine. This is especially true of machines that provide any type of storage before printing. Check the manufacturer for information on whether the storage is used for processing or storage.


Day 26 63

Another aspect of security in printing is requiring authentication for users to access the device. Some printers provide authentication services that can be accessed through the printer itself; others use network applications that integrate with the printing services. Additionally, some software pack-ages track printing usage based on the authentication of the user.

Activity 26-1: Match the Printing Process to Description


Activity 26-2: Match the Printing Configuration Settings to Its Description


Study ResourcesFor today’s exam topics, refer to the following resources for more study.

Resource Location Topic

Primary Resources

Exam Cram 13/14 Peripherals/Custom Computing, Printers

Cert Guide 9/10 Installing and Configuring Output Devices, Printers and Multifunction Devices

IT Essentials (Cisco Networking Academy course)

11.2/11.3 Installing and Updating a Printer, Sharing Printers

Schmidt/Complete Guide 1, 10, 14 Intro to the World of IT, Printers, Wireless Printers

Supplemental Resources

220-901 Complete Video Course 11/12 Peripherals, Printers

220-902 Complete Video Course

Check Your Understanding

Refer to the Digital Study Guide to take a quiz covering the content of this day.?


IndexSymbols32-bit operating systems, 174

64-bit operating systems, 174

802.11 Wi-Fi, 111

Aaccelerometers, 247

acceptable use policy (AUP), 261

access control lists. See ACLs

access point placement, 275

accessing

BIOS, configuring, 3command lines, 189-190computers, 263files/folders, 264physical access, 257-259servers, 241-242UEFI, 6

accessories for mobile devices, 133

accounts, types of, 263

ACLs (access control lists), 259

Action Center, 204

actions, documenting, 310

addresses

IP, configuring, 217IPv4

gateways, 87guidelines, 86-87

IPv6, 89private, 85special, 85traffic, 89Unicast, 90

MAC, filtering, 272administrative shares, 212

administrator account, 263

AFP (Apple Filing Protocol), 95, 98

airplane mode, 250

analog displays, 45-46

analyzers, Wi-Fi, 146

Android, 247-248

Android application packages. See APKs

antenna placement, 275

APKs (Android application packages), 247

Apple. See also Mac

BIOS/UEFI, 1Configurator, 227printing, 62-63

appliances, Internet, 242

apps

development, 247mobile OS

security, 294-296tools, 293-294troubleshooting, 291-293

scanners, 296troubleshooting, 162

architecture (32-bit/64-bit), 21

aspect ratios, configuring, 44

attacks, 256

audio. See also sound

audio/video (A/V) editing workstations, 37

connections, 32ports, 51-52

AUP (acceptable use policy), 261

authentication, network printers, 60

authorization, network printers, 60

A/V (audio/video) editing workstations, 37

Bbackups, networks, 222-225

bad power, 299. See also electricity

bandwidth, 107

basic disks, 198

basic input/output system. See BIOS

batteries

CMOS, 4troubleshooting, 160-161

BCD (boot configuration data) files, 285


beep codes, 4, 137

best practices

Linux, 232-233Mac, 232-233network maintenance, 221security, workstations, 266-267

biometrics, 258

BIOS (basic input/output system), 1

accessing, 3booting, 3configuring, 2-3device support, 1POST, 4purpose of, 1upgrading, 7-8

BitLocker, 266

blackouts, 300

blue screen of death (BSOD), 135, 279

Bluetooth, 33, 157, 251, 292

boot configuration data (BCD) files, 285

booting

BIOS, configuring, 3errors, 279-285Linux errors, 286security, 7-8UEFI, 6

bootmgr (Windows Boot Manager), 280

bootrec, 285

botnets, 257

bots, 257

bridges, 116

brightness, 45, 293

brownouts, 300

BSOD (blue screen of death), 135, 279

buffered RAM, 15

bus speeds, 13

Ccable Internet, connecting, 109

cables

coaxial, 81-82display devices, 50-52fiber, 77placement, 302

testers, 145tools, 144-146twisted-pair (TP), 78-80

caches, CPUs, 20

CAD (computer-aided design), 37

CAL (client-access license), 304

calibration, 247-248

printers, 58CAM (computer-aided

manufacturing), 37

capacitor dangers, 301

cards

communications, 25expansion, installing, 24-25media, 24networks, configuring, 220ports, adding, 25POST, 4

career options, 315-316

CCFL (cold cathode fluorescent lamp), 42

cell tower analyzers, 296

cellular wireless connections, 112

certificates, reviewing, 315

certification

exam failure options, 316-317options, 315-316

channels, 103

chipsets, 12-13

CHKDSK tool, 139

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing), 88-89

CIFS (Common Internet File System), 95, 98

Classless Inter-Domain Routing. See CIDR

cleaning printers, 167. See also maintenance

client-access license (CAL), 304

client-side DHCP, 88

client-side DNS, 88

clock rates, 13

bus speeds, 13CPU speeds, 14

cloud computing, 237-238

cloud printers, 62

320 beep codes


CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor), 4-5

coaxial cables, 81-82

cold cathode fluorescent lamp. See CCFL

command lines

accessing, 189-190tools, 146-153, 286-287troubleshooting, 190

commands

ifconfig, 150ipconfig, 148Linux, 231NET, 152netdom, 153netstat, 151-152nslookup, 153ping, 146-147privileges, 191service, 278sudo, 230traceroute, 150tracert, 150

Common Internet File System. See CIFS

communications cards, 25

communications connectors, 33

communications skills, 307-308

compatibility

components, motherboards, 10-11errors, 278

complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. See CMOS

components

handling/storing, 303motherboards, 10-13power connectors, 17

computer-aided design. See CAD

computer-aided manufacturing. See CAM

Computer Management, 191

computers

clock rates, 13bus speeds, 13CPU speeds, 14

cloud, 237-238connection interfaces, 29

physical connections, 29-33wireless connections, 33-35

customizing, 37-39destruction methods, 268-269laptops. See laptopspower supplies, installing, 35-37

configuration settings (Windows), 175-176

configuring

BIOS, 1accessing, 3booting, 3device support, 1options, 2-3POST, 4

domains, 211-212HomeGroups, 210multiple displays, 46network printers, 60networks, 218

cards, 220connecting, 216firewalls, 218proxy servers, 218remote assistance, 217-218TCP/IP, 216-217

peripheral devices, 52-54security, 263-265

best practice, 266-267data destruction/disposal methods, 268-269mobile devices, 267-268

share resources, 212-215SOHO routers, 101-105video, 43

aspect ratios/resolution, 44brightness/lumens, 45refresh rates, 44

wirelessencryption, 273-274firewalls, 273networks, 274-275

workgroups, 211connecting

coaxial cables, 81displays, 47-49fiber-optic cables, 77ISPs, 107

cable Internet, 109dial-up, 107DSL, 108fiber to the x, 110-111ISDNs, 108

mobile devices, 131-132, 249-251

connecting 321


network printers, 61networks, 216

bridges, 116cards, 220devices, 115firewalls, 117, 218modems, 117patch panels, 118PoE, 118proxy servers, 218remote assistance, 217-218repeaters/extenders, 118routers, 115TCP/IP, 216-217VoIP, 119WAPs, 116

peripheral devices, 52-54ports, 93-95power supplies, 35-36printers, 58, 73proxy servers, 218remote, troubleshooting, 157-159twisted-pair (TP) cables, 80wireless connections, 111

802.11 Wi-Fi, 111cellular, 112Internet over satellite, 112-113line-of-sight wireless, 112

connection interfaces, 29


connectors, display devices, 50-52

content filtering, 272

Control Panel (Windows). See also tools

converters, media, 52

cooling CPUs, 21-22

copying, 56. See also printers

cores, CPUs, 19

CPUs (central processing units)

installing, 22motherboards

cooling, 21-22installing, 19-21

sockets, 11types, 11-12

speeds, 14troubleshooting, 137, 161

crimping tools, 145

customer service skills, 308

customizing PCs, 37-39

Ddata destruction, 268-269

data loss prevention (DLP), 259

data synchronization, mobile devices, 252-253

dates, CMOS, 4-5

DDR DIMM memory, 14

DDR2 DIMM memory, 15

DDR3 DIMM memory, 15

default subnet masks, 84-85

demilitarized zones. See DMZs

development, apps, 247

Device Manager, 192, 281

devices, 205

display, 41LCD, 41-42OLED, 43plasma, 42projectors, 42

mobile. See mobile devicesnetworks, 115

bridges, 116firewalls, 117hubs, 115modems, 117patch panels, 118PoE, 118repeaters/extenders, 118routers, 115switches, 115VoIP, 119WAPs, 116

support (BIOS), 1DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol), 96, 242

client-side, 88ports, 94

dial-up ISPs, connecting, 107

difficult customers, dealing with, 308. See also customer service skills

digital displays, 45-46

digital rights management (DRM), 304

digital security, 259-261

digital subscriber line. See DSL

digitizers, 125

disable execute bits, 21

322 connecting


disabling

ports, 275SSIDs, 271WPS, 272

disassembly processes, 162-163

Disk Management, 197-198

Diskpart, 139

display devices, 41

accessories, 126-127analog/digital, 45-46brightness, 41cables/connectors, 50-52connecting, 47-49features, 126laptops, 125LCD, 41-42multiple, 46OLED, 43plasma, 42privacy filters, 46projectors, 42troubleshooting, 140, 156-157video

aspect ratios/resolution, 44brightness/lumens, 45configuring, 43refresh rates, 44

Display utility, 201

disposal methods, 268-269

DLP (data loss prevention), 259

DMZs (demilitarized zones), 104

DNS (Domain Name System), 96

client-side, 88ports, 94servers, 242

documentation

motherboards, 10MSDS, 303

Domain Name System. See DNS

domains, 209-212

dot-matrix printers, 65-66

double-sided RAM, 15

drivers

printers, 57testing, 58

drives

formatting, 184-185mapping, 214

partitioning, 182-183troubleshooting, 159

DRM (digital rights management), 304

DSL (digital subscriber line), connecting, 108

dual-channel RAM, 15

dual rail power supplies, 36

dual voltage options, 37

DVI connectors, 49

dynamic disks, 198

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. See DHCP

EEasy Transfer program, 177

ECC (error checking and correction), 136

ECC (error correction code), 15

EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), 5

electricity, safety procedures, 299-301

electronic paper (e-paper), 130

electrostatic discharge. See ESD

elevated privileges, 265

email, mobile devices, 249-251

emergency notification features, 248

encryption, 273-274, 293

end user license agreements (EULAs), 304

environmental procedures, 303

equipment, grounding, 301

e-readers, 130

error checking and correction. See ECC

error correction code (ECC), 15

errors

booting, 279-285codes, HTTP, 94compatibility, 278Linux, booting, 286system log, 277

eSATA ports, 50

ESD (electrostatic discharge), 122, 135, 162, 301

EULAs (end user license agreements), 304

EULAs (end user license agreements) 323


Event Viewer, 277

exams

exam day preparation, 313materials needed for exam, 313score reports, 313

post-exam informationcertification options, 315-316reviewing certificates, 315what to do if you fail, 316-317

expansion cards, installing, 24-25

expansion options, laptops, 121-122

expansion slots, 16

extended partitions, 182

extenders, 118

external customers, communications skills, 308

Ffactory recovery, 285

failure to boot, 279

fans

assembling, 21CPU cooling, 21-22power connectors, 17

faxing, 56. See also printers

fiber-optic cable, 77

fiber to the x, connecting, 110-111

field replaceable units. See FRUs

file corruption, 279

file server roles, 241

file systems, 184-185

Linux, 185Mac, 186troubleshooting, 282

File Transfer Protocol. See FTP

files

accessing, 264paths, 174-175

filtering

content, 272MAC addresses, 272privacy, 46

findings, documenting, 310

fires, electrical fire safety, 301

324 Event Viewer

firewalls, 117

configuring, 218security, 259Windows Firewall, 203wireless, configuring, 273

FireWire (IEEE 1394), 30, 51

firmware

mobile devices, 252updating, 275upgrading, 7-8

flash drives, 26

folders. See also files

accessing, 264options applet, 201

form factors, motherboards, 9-10

formatting hard drives, 184-185. See also configuring

forwarding, ports, 103

fox and hound, 145

frame rates, 44

front/top panel connectors, 17

FRUs (field replaceable units), 155

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ports, 93

functionality, verifying, 310

Ggaming PCs, 38

gateway addresses, IPv4, 87

geotracking, 248

Global Positioning System. See GPS

GOUs (graphics processing units), 21

government regulations, compliance, 303

GPS (Global Positioning System), 130, 157, 293

GPT (GUID partition table), 182

GPUs (graphics processing units), 21

GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB), 280

graphic workstations, 37

graphical user interfaces. See GUIs

graphics processing units. See GPUs

grounding equipment, 301


installing 325

GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader), 280

guest account, 263

GUIs (graphical user interfaces), 227, 248

GUID partition table (GPT), 182

guidelines, IPv4 addresses, 86-87

gyroscopes, 247

Hhard drives, troubleshooting, 139, 159

hard resets, 294

hardware

BIOS, 1accessing, 3booting, 3configuring, 2-3device support, 1POST, 4

CMOS, 4-5CPUs, troubleshooting, 137displays, troubleshooting, 140hard drives, troubleshooting, 139laptops

accessories, 126-127displays, 125features, 126replacing, 122-125

motherboards, troubleshooting, 135-136power, troubleshooting, 138projectors, troubleshooting, 140RAID, troubleshooting, 139-140RAM, troubleshooting, 136-137requirements (Windows), 177troubleshooting, 161, 281video, troubleshooting, 140VMs, 237

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface), 122

heat sinks, 21

help, command-line, 190

hidden shares, 212

High-Definition Multimedia Interface. See HDMI

home server PCs, 38

home theater PCs, 38

HomeGroups, 205, 209-210

hostnames, resolving, 97

hot items, 302

hotspots, 249

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

error codes, 94ports, 94

HTTPS (HTTP Secure), 95

hubs, 115

hyperthreading, 19

hypervisors, 236

IIaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), 238

ID badges, 258

identification, mobile devices, 252

IDS (intrusion detection system), 242

IEEE 1394, 51

ifconfig, 150

IMAP ports, 94

impact printers, 65-66, 75, 168

implementing

SOHO, wireless security, 271-275solutions, 310

improper shutdown, 280

incidents, responses, 304-305

Infrared (IR) technology, 35

inkjet printers, 70, 75, 167

In-Plane Switching. See IPS

input/output devices, configuring, 52-54

installing

expansion cards, 24adding ports, 25communications cards, 25media cards, 24

motherboards, 19, 23-24CPUs, 22CPU characteristics, 19-21CPU cooling, 21-22RAM, 23

power supplies, 35-37


326 installing

printers, 55cloud, 62configuring, 57-58connecting, 58drivers, 57multifunction for SOHO, 56networks, 59-61remote, 62selecting, 55testing, 58troubleshooting, 166wireless, 62

SOHO routersconfiguring, 101-105wireless standards, 101

storage devices, 25hotswappable drives, 27magnetic hard disk drives, 25optical drives, 26-27RAID, 27SSDs, 26tape drives, 27

Windows, 175, 186-187comparing 64-bit/32-bit operating

systems, 174configuration settings, 175-176file paths/structures, 174-175file systems, 184-185formatting, 184-185hardware requirements, 177installation options, 176partitioning drives, 182-183upgrade installations, 177Windows 7 installations, 179-180Windows 8/8.1 features, 173-174Windows 8/8.1 installations, 180-181Windows Vista installations, 178

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 30

Integrated Services Digital Networks. See ISDNs

interfaces

connection, 29physical connections, 29-33wireless connections, 33-35

GUIs. See GUIsUEFI, 1, 5-6

internal customers, communications skills, 308

Internet appliances, 242

Internet Options, 200

Internet over satellite wireless connections, 112-113

Internet Protocol. See IP

Internet service providers. See ISPs

intrusion detection system. See IDS

intrusion prevention system. See IPS

iOS, 247-248

IP (Internet Protocol)

addresses, configuring, 217CIDR, 88-89client-side DHCP, 88client-side DNS, 88

ipconfig, 148

IPS (In-Plane Switching), 125

IPS (intrusion prevention system), 242

IPv4 (Internet version 4), 83-84

default subnet masks, 84-85gateway addresses, 87guidelines for addresses, 86-87private addresses, 85special addresses, 85

IPv6 (Internet version 6), 89

traffic, 89Unicast addresses, 90

IR (Infrared) technology, 35

ISDNs (Integrated Services Digital Networks), 108

ISPs (Internet service providers)

connecting, 107cable Internet, 109dial-up, 107DSL, 108fiber to the x, 110-111ISDNs, 108

Jjailbreaking, 247, 295

jewelry, 302

joining workgroups, 211

Kkernel panic, 280

key fobs, 258

keyboards, troubleshooting, 159

Keychain, 229


migration 327

LLANs (local area networks), 113

land grid array (LGA), 11

laptops

accessories, 126-127applications, troubleshooting, 162disassembly processes, troubleshooting, 162-163

displays, 125, 156-157expansion options, 121-122features, 126hard drives, 159hardware

replacement, 122-125troubleshooting, 161

keyboards/touchpads, troubleshooting, 159networks, troubleshooting, 157-159power, troubleshooting, 160-161troubleshooting, 155

laser printers, 67-70, 75, 166

LCDs (liquid crystal displays), 41-42, 125. See also display devices

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), 97

LED backlighting, 42

LGA (land grid array), 11

licensing, 304-305

lifting, 302

Lightning connectors, 131

LILO (Linux Loader), 280

line-of-sight wireless connections, 112

Linux

booting, troubleshooting, 280, 286commands, 231features, 227-229file systems, 185service command, 278tools, 229-230

best practices, 232-233Terminal, 230

troubleshooting booting errors, 286Linux Loader (LILO), 280

liquid-based cooling solutions, 22

liquid crystal displays. See LCDs

listening skills, 308

Local Security Policy tool, 193-194

Local Users and Groups tool, 193

location services, 248, 293

logical drives, 182

loopback plugs, 146

lumens, configuring, 45

MMac

best practices, 232-233features, 227-229file systems, 186Terminal, 230tools, 229-230updating, 233

MAC (media access control) addresses, 272

Magic Mouse, 228

magnetic hard disk drives, 25

Mail servers, 242

maintenance

networks, 220-225printers, 74-76, 166-168

malware, troubleshooting, 288-289

MAN (municipal area network), 114

man-in-the-middle attacks, 256

manual troubleshooting, 285

mapping

drives, 214printers, 215

master boot records. See MBRs

Material Data Safety Sheet (MSDS), 303

MBRs (master boot records), 182, 280

Measured Services, 238

media cards, 24

media converters, 52

memory

laptops, 122RAM

installing, 23slots, 14-15troubleshooting, 136-137

troubleshooting, 161metal-oxide varistors. See MOVs

Microsoft OneDrive, 296

migration, 177


328 MiniPCI

MiniPCI, 16

Mission Control (OS X), 228

mobile broadband, 112. See also wireless connections

mobile devices

accessories, 133applications, troubleshooting, 162connecting, 131-132disassembly processes, troubleshooting, 162-163

displays, troubleshooting, 156-157hard drives, troubleshooting, 159hardware, troubleshooting, 161keyboards/touchpads, troubleshooting, 159networks, troubleshooting, 157-159operating systems, 245

connecting, 249-251data synchronization, 252-253types of, 247-248updating, 252

power, troubleshooting, 160-161security, 267-268smartphones, 129specialty, 130tablets, 129troubleshooting, 155wearable, 130-131

mobile OSs (operating systems)

security, 294-296tools, 293-294troubleshooting, 291-293

mobile payment services, 248

modems, 117

motherboards, 9

chipsets, 12-13clock rates, 13

bus speeds, 13CPU speeds, 14

components, 10-11documentation, 10expansion slots, 16form factors/sizes, 9-10installing, 19, 23-24

CPUs, 19-22RAM, 23

power connectors, 17RAM slots, 14-15selecting, 10troubleshooting, 135-136

MOVs (metal-oxide varistors), 300

msconfig (System Configuration Tool), 194-195, 225, 283

MSDS (Material Data Safety Sheet), 303

multifunction printers, installing, 56

multimedia connectors, 32, 47

multimeters, 146

multimode fiber cables, 77

multiple displays, configuring, 46. See also display devices

municipal area network. See MAN

NNAT (Network Address

Translation), 103

Nbtstat, 152

Near Field Communication. See NFC

NET command, 152

NetBIOS, ports, 95

NetBT, ports, 95

netdom command, 153

netstat, 151-152

Network Address Translation. See NAT

Network and Sharing Center, 206

networks, 113-114

cablescoaxial, 81-82fiber, 77tools, 144-146twisted-pair (TP), 78-80

cards, connecting, 220client computers, 38command-line tools, 146-153common symptoms, troubleshooting, 143-144

connecting, 216-218devices, 115

bridges, 116firewalls, 117hubs, 115modems, 117patch panels, 118PoE, 118repeaters/extenders, 118routers, 115switches, 115VoIP, 119WAPs, 116


PCs (personal computers) 329

domains, configuring, 211-212firewalls, connecting, 218HomeGroups, configuring, 210Internet appliances, 242maintenance, 220-225printers

connecting, 61installing, 59-61

proxy servers, connecting, 218remote assistance, connecting, 217-218servers, 241-242share resources, configuring, 212-215TCP/IP, connecting, 216-217troubleshooting, 157-159wireless, configuring, 274-275workgroups, configuring, 211

New Technology File System. See NTFS

NFC (near field communication), 35, 249

non-impact printers, 67-72

non-Parity RAM, 15

nonresponsive touchscreens, 157. See also troubleshooting

non-WCC RAM, 15

nslookup command, 153

NTFS (New Technology File System) permissions, 264

OOLED (organic light-emitting diode)

displays, 43, 125. See also display devices

on-demand cloud computing, 238

operating systems. See also Windows

64-bit/32-bit, comparing, 174BIOS, 1

accessing, 3booting, 3configuring, 2-3device support, 1POST, 4

cannot be found error, 280command-line repair tools, 286-287Linux, 227-229Mac, 227-229malware, troubleshooting, 288-289

mobile devices, 245connecting, 249-251data synchronization, 252-253types of, 247-248updating, 252

securitybest practices, 266-267configuring, 263-265troubleshooting, 287-288

troubleshooting, 277-285UEFI, 5-6

optical drives, 26-27

optimizing printers, 74-76, 168

options. See also configuring

BIOS, configuring, 2-3certification, 315-317dual voltage, 37installation (Windows), 176laptop expansion, 121-122

organic light-emitting diode. See OLED

OS X, 227. See also Mac; operating systems

outcomes, documenting, 310

overclocking, 14

PPaaS (Platform as a Service), 238

PAN (personal area network), 114

panels, patches, 118

parental controls, 272

parity RAM, 15

partitions

factory recovery partition, 285hard drives, 139

passwords, 265

patch panels, 118

paths, files, 174-175

PCs (personal computers). See also computers; laptops

booting errors, 286connection interfaces, 29


customizing, 37-39


330 PCs (personal computers)

operating systemsbooting errors, 279-285command-line repair tools, 286-287malware, 288-289security issues, 287-288troubleshooting, 277-278

power supplies, installing, 35-37troubleshooting, 281-282

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect), 16

PCIe (PCI Express), 16, 31

PCI-X, 16

PE (preinstallation environment), 285

performance, slow system, 278

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), 16

peripheral devices, configuring, 52-54

permissions, 264

personal area network. See PAN

personal safety procedures, 302

personally identifiable information (PII), 304

PGAs (pin grid arrays), 11

phishing attacks, 256

physical access, security, 257-259

physical connections, 29-33

physical security, wireless, 275

PII (personally identifiable information), 304

pin grid arrays (PGAs), 11

ping, 146-147

plasma displays, 42

Platform as a Service (PaaS), 238

PoE (Power over Ethernet), 118

pooling printers, 61

POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) ports, 94

ports, 93-95, 143. See also connecting

adding, 25audio, 51-52disabling, 275eSATA/SAT, 50forwarding, 103PS/2, 51triggering, 103USB, 50

POST (power on self-test), 4, 136

power

connectors, motherboards, 17strips, 300supplies, 35-37troubleshooting, 138, 160-161user accounts, 263

Power over Ethernet. See PoE

Power Saver option, 203

preinstallation environment (Windows PE), 285

prevention methods (attacks), 257-261

printers, 205

cloud, 62configuring, 57-58connecting, 58, 73drivers, 57installing, 55maintenance, 74-76, 166-168mapping, 215multifunction for SOHO, installing, 56networks

connecting, 61installing, 59-61

optimizing, 168pooling, 61remote, 62selecting, 55sharing, 215testing, 58troubleshooting, 163-166types of, 65

impact, 65-66non-impact, 67-72

wireless, 62printing

Apple, 62security, 62-63servers, 241spooling, 58

privacy filters, 46

private addresses, IPv4, 85

privileges, 191, 265

probable causes, establishing, 309

problems. See also errors; troubleshooting

identifying, 309resolving, 310


RJ-11 connectors 331

procedures

environmental, 303safety, 299

component handling and storage, 303electricity, 299-301incident response, 304-305licensing, 304-305personal, 302

professionalism

communications skills, 307-308troubleshooting skills, 309

determining causes-310documenting findings, 310establishing probable causes, 309identifying problems, 309resolving problems, 310verifying functionality, 310

Program Compatibility Troubleshooter, 278

projectors

displays, 42troubleshooting, 140

protocols, 96

AFP, 98CIFS, 98DHCP, 88, 96, 242DNS, 96IP. See IPIPv4, 83-84

default subnet masks, 84-85gateway addresses, 87guidelines for addresses, 86-87private addresses, 85special addresses, 85

LDAP, 97SMB, 98SNMP, 98SSH, 98TCP, 98-100TCP/IP, 216-217TKIP, 274UDP, 98-100

proxy servers, configuring, 218, 242

PS/2 ports, 51

punchdown tools, 145

QQoS (quality of service), 104

Rradio frequency. See RF

radio power levels, 275

RAID (redundant array of independent [or inexpensive] disks), 27, 139-140

RAM (random access memory), 292

booting, troubleshooting, 279installing, 23laptops, 122slots, 14troubleshooting, 136-137, 161types of, 14-15

ransomware, 255

Rapid Elasticity, 238

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol), ports, 95

reassembly processes, 162-163

records, resource, 97

Recovery Console, 283

redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) disks. See RAID

refresh rates, 44

Region tool, 186

regulations, compliance, 303

remote assistance, configuring, 217-218

remote connections, troubleshooting, 157-159

remote printers, 62

removing malware, 289

Repair Disk option, 285

repeaters, 118

replacing laptop hardware, 122-125

reports, score, 313

requirements, VMs, 235-237

resolution, 44, 157

resolving hostnames, 97

Resource Pooling, 238

resource records, 97

restoring networks, 222-225

reviewing certificates, 315

RF (radio frequency) communication, 34

RFID badges, 258

RJ-11 connectors, 33


332 RJ-45 connectors

RJ-45 connectors, 33

rooting (iOS), 247

rootkits, 255

routers, 115

SSaaS (Software as a Service), 238

Safe Mode, 285

safety procedures, 299

component handling and storage, 303electricity, 299-301incident response, 304-305licensing, 304-305personal, 302

sags, 300

SATA (Serial AT Attachment), 25, 31, 50

scanning, 56. See also printers

score reports, 313

screen orientation, 247-248

SDKs (software development kits), 247

security

booting, 7-8data destruction/disposal methods, 268-269

digital, 259-261firewalls, 218, 259mobile devices, 267-268, 293-296operating systems

best practices, 266-267configuring, 263-265

PCs, troubleshooting, 287-288physical access, 257-259physical wireless, 275printing (Apple), 62-63threats/vulnerabilities, 255-261VMs, 237wireless, SOHO, 271-275

selecting

motherboards, 10printers, 55

Serial AT Attachment. See SATA

servers

print, 59proxy, configuring, 218roles, 241-242

service command, 278

Service Set Identifier. See SSID

services

cloud computing, 237-238failure to start, troubleshooting, 278networks

Internet appliances, 242servers, 241-242

share permissions, 264

share resources, configuring, 212-215

sharing printers, 215

shoulder surfing, 256

simple volumes, 183

single-channel RAM, 15

single-mode fiber cables, 77

single-sided RAM, 15

single sign-on (SSO), 265

sizes

motherboards, 9-10of power supplies, 36

skills

communications, 307-308customer service, 308listening, 308troubleshooting, 309

determining causes, 310documenting findings, 310establishing probable causes, 309identifying problems, 309resolving problems, 310verifying functionality, 310

slots

expansion, 16RAM, 14-15

slow system performance, 278

SLP (service location protocol), ports, 95

small office/home office. See SOHO

small outline dual in-line memory modules (SODIMMs), 122

smart cards, 258

smartphones, 129

SMB (Server Message Block), 95, 98

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), 94

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), 98

social engineering, 256


tools 333

sockets

CPUs, 11types, 11-12

SODIMMs (small outline dual in-line memory modules), 122

Software as a Service (SaaS), 238

software development kits. See SDKs

SOHO (small office/home office), 271

multifunction printers, installing, 56routers

configuring, 101-105wireless standards, 101

wireless security, 271-275solid state drives. See SSDs

solutions, implementing, 310

sound

troubleshooting, 162utility, 205

spear phishing, 256

special addresses, IPv4, 85

specialty mobile devices, 130

spikes, 300

spontaneous shutdown/restarts, 280

spoolers, troubleshooting printers, 165

spyware, 255

SSDs (solid state drives), 26

SSH (Secure Shell), 93, 98

SSID (Service Set Identifier), 271

SSO (single sign-on), 265

standard use account, 263

standards

twisted-pair (TP), 80wireless, 101

storage devices

hotswappable drives, 27installing, 25magnetic hard disk drives, 25optical drives, 26-27RAID, 27SSDs, 26tape drives, 27

strippers, 145

subnet masks, 84-85

sudo command, 230

surges, 300

switch ports (RJ-45), 271

switches, 115

System Configuration Tool (msconfig), 225

system log errors, 277

system repair disc, 285

system utilities (Windows), 199-200. See also tools

System window, 202

Ttablets, 129

tailgating, 256

tape drives, 27

Task Manager, 195-197

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) versus UDP, 98-100

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), configuring, 216-217

Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA), 80

Telnet, ports, 93

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol. See TKIP

Terminal, 227, 230

testing, troubleshooting theories, 310

tethering, 249

thermal paste, 22

thermal printers, 71, 76, 168

threats (security), 255-261

Thunderbolt, 31

time, CMOS, 4-5

Time Machine, 229

TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol), 274

tokens, 258

toner probes, 145

tools

cabling, 144-146command line, 146-153command-line repair, 286-287Device Manager, 281Event Viewer, 277Linux, 229-230


334 tools

Mac, 229-230mobile devices, 293-294printers, 165Program Compatibility Troubleshooter, 278

Recovery Console, 283Region, 186System Configuration Tool (msconfig), 225, 283

Terminal, 230Windows, 189

accessing command lines, 189-190basic/dynamic disks, 198command privileges, 191Computer Management, 191Control Panel, 200-206Device Manager, 192Disk Management, 197-198Local Security Policy, 193-194Local Users and Groups, 193msconfig, 194-195system, 199-200Task Manager, 195-197troubleshooting command lines, 190

top-level domains, 97

touchpads, troubleshooting, 159

TPM (Trusted Platform Module), 266

traceroute, 150

tracert, 150

traffic, IPv6, 89

triggering, ports, 103

triple-channel RAM, 15

Trojan horses, 255

troubleshooting

Bluetooth, 157command lines, 190CPUs, 137, 161displays, 140file systems, 282GPS, 157hard drives, 139hardware, 281laptops, 155

applications, 162disassembly processes, 162-163displays, 156-157hard drives, 159hardware, 161keyboards/touchpads, 159

networks, 157-159power, 160-161

Linux booting errors, 286manual, 285mobile devices, 155

applications, 162disassembly processes, 162-163displays, 156-157hard drives, 159hardware, 161keyboards/touchpads, 159networks, 157-159power, 160-161

mobile OS, 291-293security, 294-296tools, 293-294

motherboards, 135-136networks

cabling tools, 144-146command-line tools, 146-153common symptoms, 143-144

operating systems, 277-278booting errors, 279-285command-line repair tools, 286-287malware, 288-289security, 287-288

power, 138printers, 74-76, 163-166projectors, 140RAID, 139-140RAM, 136-137, 161skills, 309

determining causes, 310documenting findings, 310establishing probable causes, 309identifying problems, 309resolving problems, 310verifying functionality, 310

sounds, 162video, 140Wi-Fi, 158-159

troubleshooting utility, 205

Trusted Platform Module. See TPM

twisted-pair (TP), 78-80

types

of accounts, 264of cables

coaxial, 81-82fiber, 77twisted-pair (TP), 78-80

of chipsets, 13


Wi-Fi Protected Setup 335

of cloud models, 238of CPU sockets, 11-12of hypervisors, 237of ISPs

cable Internet, 109dial-up, 107DSL, 108fiber to the x, 110-111ISDNs, 108

of mobile devices, 130-131, 247-248accessories, 133connections, 131-132

of networks, 113-119of permissions, 264of ports, 93-95of printers, 65

impact, 65-66non-impact, 67-72

of RAM, 14-15of resource records, 97RAID, 27

UUDP (User Datagram Protocol), TCP

versus, 98-100

UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), 1, 5-8

unbuffered RAM, 15

Unicast addresses (IPv6), 90

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. See UEFI

unified threat management. See UTM

Uninterruptible Power Supply. See UPS

Universal Plug and Play. See UPnP

universal serial bus. See USB

updating

firmware, 275Mac, 233mobile devices, 252

upgrading

firmware, 7-8installations (Windows), 177

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play), 104

UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), 300

USB (universal serial bus) connectors, 29, 50

User Account applet, 201

user manuals, motherboards, 10

utilities. See tools

UTM (unified threat management), 242

Vverifying functionality, 310

video

aspect ratios/resolution, 44brightness/lumens, 45configuring, 43refresh rates-44troubleshooting, 140

virtual assistants, 248

virtual machine managers. See VMMs

virtual machines. See VMs

virtual printers, 72

virtual private networks. See VPNs

virtualization, 20, 37

viruses, 255

VMs (virtual machines), requirements, 235-237

VMMs (virtual machine managers), 20, 236

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), 119

voltage options, 37

volumes, 182

VPNs (virtual private networks), 250, 260, 295

vulnerabilities (security), 255-261

WWANs (wide area networks), 113

WAPs (wireless access points), 116

wattage, 36. See also power supplies

wearable mobile devices, 130-131

Web server roles, 241

Wi-Fi, 111, 292

analyzers, 146, 296calling, 248troubleshooting, 158-159

Wi-Fi Protected Setup. See WPS


336 Windows

Windows

installing, 175, 186-187configuration settings, 175-176file systems, 184-185formatting, 184-185hardware requirements, 177installation options, 176partitioning drives, 182-183upgrade installations, 177Windows 7 installations, 179-180Windows 8/8.1 installations, 180-181 Windows Vista installations, 178Windows Vista/Windows 7 features,

171-173network printers, configuring, 60Recovery Environment, 285tools, 189

accessing command lines, 189-190basic/dynamic disks, 198command privileges, 191Computer Management, 191Control Panel, 200-206Device Manager, 192Disk Management, 197-198Local Security Policy, 193-194Local Users and Groups, 193msconfig, 194-195system, 199-200Task Manager, 195-197troubleshooting command lines, 190

Windows 7

features, 171-173installing, 179-180

Windows 8/8.1

advanced startup procedures, 284features, 173-174installing, 180-181

Windows Boot Manager (bootmgr), 280

Windows Firewall, 203

Windows mobile device operating system, 247-248

Windows preinstallation environment (Windows PE), 285

Windows Recovery Environment. See WinRE

Windows Vista

features, 171-173installing, 178

WinRE (Windows Recovery Environment), 284

wired mobile devices, 131

wireless access points. See WAPs

wireless connections, 33-35, 111

802.11 Wi-Fi, 111cellular, 112Internet over satellite, 112-113line-of-sight wireless, 112

Wireless LANs. See WLANs

wireless mobile devices, 132

wireless printers, 62

wireless security, SOHO, 271-275

wireless standards, 101

WLANs (Wireless LANs), 111, 114

workgroups, 209-211

workstations, security, 266-267

worms, 255

WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup), 272

Zzero-day attacks, 256

ZIF (zero insertion force), 11

zombies, 257


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