PowerPoint Presentation


2.

1927DavisssonGermerNi
λ=h/mυ=h/p



x · p ≥ h/4π
x 0.01 cm,
∴



2: , m = 9.11 10-31 Kg, r = 10-10 mx10-11 m
∴m



s, p, d, f…... ()
l ψ
m
ψ






0 1 2 3 …
: n =2 l =0 m =0 2s
n =3 l =1 m =0 3pz
n =3 l =2 m =0 3dz2




6
n=3, l=1, m=-1; n=3, l=0, m=0;
n=2, l=2, m=-1; n=2, l=1, m=0;
n=2, l=0, m=-1; n=2, l=3, m=2;








581.cdx



, n,
l; ,
Z = 26 Fe1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2
N1s2 2s2 2p3
d —(n1)d110ns12 (Pd s )
f —(n2)f114(n1)d0 1ns2



K L M N
l 0 1 2 3
s p d f













2.
E (g) E+ (g) + e- I 1









NPAsSbBeMg ——
Z*r I
A Z*r I A I1 I1 () Z* r I































CsF92%8%
X 1.7
X=1.7 50%
HFX =1.78




2.


4





+
+


+
+


+
+


+
+


+
+


+
+


+
+


+
+






R074 pm
——
H 1s
“”
D





l
/pm


E
/(kJ
H
96
4
64



HF HCl HBr HI









——(μ)

(E)
( )
(l)



















BF3
NH3




H
2
N
2
CO
2
CS
2
CH
4
CO
CHCl
3
H
2
S
0
0
0
0
0
0.40
3.50
3.67
SO
2
H
2
O
NH
3
HCN
HF
HCl
HBr
HI
5.33
6.17
4.90
9.85
6.37
3.57
2.67
1.40



2.













(300500pm)


He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe



















HF——
HF F H HF F



E(FH F) 28kJ·mol1

XHY
H
F
H
d
l



HFH2ONH3

H
C
O
O
H
H
O
O
H
C







H2O ( H2O)2 ( H2O)3 …( H2O)n 0







F—H…F>O—H…O>O—H…N>N—H…N



(3)AsPH (4)
4.
(1)
(2)