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South and Southeast Asia

I. India Divided

A. After WWII, India was divided into 2 countries based on religion1. India-Hindu2. Pakistan- Muslim

B. In 1947 Muslims fled to Pakistan while Hindus fled to India1. Mass migrations led to violence, millions

were killed

II. The New India

A. India formed a parliamentary government with Jawaharlal Nehru as prime minister1. Nehru wanted a moderate socialist state2. Industry tripled in 15 years

B. Indira Gandhi was the next Prime Minister1. During her rule, militant Sikhs

demanded freedom for Punjab2. Gandhi used force to suppress the

rebels, she was assassinated in retaliation

III. Pakistan

A. East and West Pakistan are very different1. East- marshy land densely populated

with rice farmers2. West- Dry and mountainous

B. East Pakistan split from Pakistan and became Bangladesh

IV. Southeast Asia

A. By 1949; Philippines, Burma, Malaya, and Indonesia had all gained freedom

B. In Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh and the communists fought against French rule1. In 1945 the controlled North Vietnam2. The French kept control of South

Vietnam

C. By 1965, Communist guerrillas (Viet Cong) were ready to seize South Vietnam

D. The U.S. began by providing aid to S. Vietnam but sent troops by March 1965

E. By 1975, All of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia fell to Communism

F. Pol Pot became dictator of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia1. This brutal regime killed all dissidents

and intellectuals