3.01 remember the structures of the nervous system 3.02 understand the functions and disorders of...
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3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous
system
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
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3.01, 3.02 Essential Questions What are the structures of the nervous system?What are the structures of the nervous system? What are the functions of the nervous system? What are some disorders of the nervous system? How are nervous system disorders treated? How does the nervous system relate to the
body’s communication systems?
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
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Introduction: Structures of the nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
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Cellular structures of the nervous system
Neuron- a nerve cellNeuron- a nerve cell
Extensions of the neuronExtensions of the neuron
Dendrites - manyDendrites - many
Axon - oneAxon - one
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
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Cellular structures of the nervous system
Neuron- a nerve cellNeuron- a nerve cell Myelin sheath - a Myelin sheath - a
special covering of the special covering of the axonaxon
Synapse – the space Synapse – the space between neuronsbetween neurons
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the nervous system:Neurons
What do they do?What do they do?
How do these functions impact health?How do these functions impact health?Sensory Sensory MotorMotorAssociativeAssociative
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Structures of the nervous system
Central nervous Central nervous systemsystem
BrainBrain
Spinal cordSpinal cord
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Structures of the nervous system Peripheral nervous Peripheral nervous
systemsystem
NervesNerves
Cranial nervesCranial nerves
Spinal nervesSpinal nerves
Sensory receptorsSensory receptors
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
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Structures of the central nervous system:
BRAINBRAIN
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
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Functions of the central nervous
system: BrainThink about it…Think about it…
How do you use your brain?How do you use your brain?
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
CerebrumCerebrum Divided into two Divided into two
hemispheres (right hemispheres (right and left)and left)
Frontal lobeFrontal lobe Occipital lobeOccipital lobe Parietal lobeParietal lobe Temporal Temporal
lobelobe
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Functions of the central nervous
system: BrainHow do you use your How do you use your Cerebrum?Cerebrum?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN DiencephalonDiencephalon
Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain
StructuresStructures ThalamusThalamus HypothalamusHypothalamus Pineal bodyPineal body Pituitary glandPituitary gland
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
DiencephalonDiencephalon ThalamusThalamus – spherical mass of – spherical mass of
gray matter; deep in the cerebral gray matter; deep in the cerebral hemisphereshemispheres
HypothalamusHypothalamus – lies below the – lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic systemthalamus; part of the limbic system
Pineal body Pineal body – endocrine system – endocrine system glandgland
Pituitary gland Pituitary gland – endocrine – endocrine system glandsystem gland
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Functions of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN DiencephalonDiencephalon
Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain
StructuresStructuresThalamusThalamusHypothalamusHypothalamusPineal bodyPineal bodyPituitary glandPituitary gland
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Functions of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN DiencephalonDiencephalon
Thalamus – spherical Thalamus – spherical mass of gray mattermass of gray matter
HypothalamusHypothalamusPineal bodyPineal bodyPituitary glandPituitary gland
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN Limbic systemLimbic system
Located in the center Located in the center of the brainof the brain
Encircles the top of Encircles the top of the brain stem.the brain stem.
Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)(Informational only for reference.)
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
CerebellumCerebellum
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Functions of the central nervous
system: BrainHow do you use your cerebellum?cerebellum?
Discuss the functions of the Discuss the functions of the cerebellum illustrated in this cerebellum illustrated in this gymnast’s picture.gymnast’s picture.
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
BrainBrain stemstem MidbrainMidbrain Pons Pons Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata
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Functions of the central nervous system: BrainHow do you use your How do you use your brain stem?brain stem?
MidbrainMidbrain
PonsPons
Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata
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Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
Discuss the relevance of the Discuss the relevance of the
brain stem brain stem for these functions?for these functions?
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
MeningesMeninges Dura materDura mater
Outermost layerOutermost layer ArachnoidArachnoid
Middle layer Middle layer Pia materPia mater
Innermost layerInnermost layer
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
Ventricles Ventricles - - lined cavities deep within the brain filled with cerebrospinal
fluidChoroid plexus – rich
network of blood vessels
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Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal CordSpinal Cord
Surrounded by the Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluidcerebrospinal fluid
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Functions of the central nervous system:
Spinal CordDiscuss the functions of the spinal cord.
What is the relevance to health?
Brain
Body
Structures
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Structures of the peripheral nervous system Peripheral Peripheral
nervous systemnervous system 12 cranial nerves12 cranial nerves 31 pairs of nervous31 pairs of nervous
Anterior
View
Posteriorview
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Structures of the peripheral nervous system
I. I. OlfactoryOlfactory II. OpticII. Optic III. OculomotorIII. Oculomotor IV. TrochlearIV. Trochlear V. TrigeminalV. Trigeminal VI. AbducensVI. Abducens VII. FacialVII. Facial VIII. VestibulocochlearVIII. Vestibulocochlear IX. GlossopharyngealIX. Glossopharyngeal X. VagusX. Vagus XI. AccessoryXI. Accessory XII. HypoglossalXII. Hypoglossal
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Structures of the peripheral nervous system
Peripheral Peripheral nervous systemnervous system 31 pairs of spinal 31 pairs of spinal
nervesnerves
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Structures of the peripheral nervous system
Motor systemMotor system Autonomic Autonomic
nervous systemnervous systemSympathetic Sympathetic
nervous systemnervous systemParasympathetic Parasympathetic
nervous systemnervous system Somatic nervous Somatic nervous
systemsystem
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Autonomic nervous systemAutonomic nervous system Sympathetic Sympathetic
nervous systemnervous system Extends from the base Extends from the base
of the brain, along both of the brain, along both sides of the spinal sides of the spinal columncolumn
These nerves connect These nerves connect to all internal organsto all internal organs
Parasympathetic Parasympathetic nervous systemnervous system The vagus nerve The vagus nerve
connects the medulla connects the medulla with organs of the with organs of the upper bodyupper body
The pelvic nerve The pelvic nerve emerges from the emerges from the spinal cord and spinal cord and connects with the connects with the organs of the lower organs of the lower bodybody
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Somatic nervous systemSomatic nervous system
These nerves are These nerves are located along the located along the spinal cord.spinal cord.
Connect skeleton, Connect skeleton, muscles and joints muscles and joints to the brain.to the brain.
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Functions of the
Peripheral nervous system
Cranial Spinal
What do the peripheral nerves do?
What is their relevance to health?
Also called
sensory-somatic
sensory-somatic
nervous system
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Structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems
Check your
knowledge…
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Structures of the nervous system
Remember this!
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Functions of the nervous system Discuss the relevance of the nervous system
to the body’s communication systems.
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Alzheimer’s disease
Who is at the greatest risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
How is it prevented?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Cerebral palsyWhat is cerebral palsy?
How is it treated?
Which healthcare team members will take care of the patient with cerebral palsy?
causecause
cause causecause
Multiple Causes
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Epilepsy
What is epilepsy?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
Should a person with
Should a person with
epilepsy be allowed
epilepsy be allowed
to drive?to drive?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Hydrocephalus
Hydro- cephal -us
Define the terms. Do the meanings of the parts represent the whole?
Who is most likely to develop hydrocephalus?
How is it treated?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Meningitis
What causes of meningitis?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Multiple sclerosis
What are the symptoms?
Who is most likely to develop it?
How is it treated?
What is the prognosis?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Neuritis
neur- -itis neur- -itis
Discuss the terms.Discuss the terms.
Discuss the pattern of symptoms presented Discuss the pattern of symptoms presented and why.and why.
How is neuritis prevented?How is neuritis prevented?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Paralysis
“disabling of a nerve”
How does this quote relate to paralysis?
What are the symptoms?
What is the prognosis?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Parkinson’s disease
What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
Who is most likely to have this disorder?
How is it treated?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Poliomyelitis
What is the impact of this disorder?
How can it be prevented?
How is it treated?
What is the prognosis?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Spinal cord injury
What are the symptoms?
What determines a patient’s symptoms?
How is it treated?
What are the risk factors for teens?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments West Nile Virus
Where is the greatest incidence of West Nile virus?
What are the risk factors?
How is it prevented?
How is it treated?
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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
What are some common symptoms of What are some common symptoms of neurological disorders?neurological disorders?
What are some common prognoses?What are some common prognoses?
Why do these commonalities exist?Why do these commonalities exist?
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3.02 Essential Questions What are the structures of the nervous system?What are the structures of the nervous system? What are the functions of the nervous system? What are some disorders of the nervous system? How are nervous system disorders treated? How does the nervous system relate to the body’s
communication systems?