" 301-0720-10301-0720-11 "


The distribution of Na ions between the soil solution and its solid phase in the soil
profile of orchards irrigated with treated wastewater

":
, . , , , ,
G. Levy, and D. Goldstein, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO,
The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250.
E-mail: vwguy@volcani.agri.gov.il
2013 "
* / " . 2
"
:
10. ) ( 10
. 3

, ) .
6-10 (ESP"( ) 30<
ESP- . , "
- ESP - ",
.


.
30
20 "/' 55 "
, DW, )20 8 SAR/' ) ( "
) ( 1: ) (
) ( 2) -, (
. (
( 1 )
ESP -( 2; ) ( 60% )>
, DW -
( 3) ; , DW - )/(
3
( 4) - .
, DW -
ESP
.
.
. 4
.
. 5
,
. 50% -
"( 0-30 )
.(1) (SAR )

.) , , , , (
, ) ,
(ESP )"( 30 (, ) <
3-5 SAR 6-9
ESP (2.) - SAR ESP - ESP.
ESP - ", ESP-
. ,-
, ESP -
SAR- ,
(.3 )

)
(
)
.(
.
. 6
( " 51.25%, 11.25%, 37.5% )-
, 1.93 ESP -' , . 100"/ 30.25
, .13.25% - 1.85%
" 40" 5 PVC " 30 ( 930)
/' 20 .3/ 1.39
(, DW ) ) (
.SAR 20 SAR 8 . 2 - 1
"/' . 55
(. 2 - 1 ) ) (
C400 - ,
( . 72 - 48 )
.
( TOC, )pH(, EC )-
-(. , , IC )
SAR ( PAR .)
. ESP -" . 5
. 7
. 7.1
( TOC, )pH (, , EC )
) (
.1 DW -
DW -. DW -
- )
DW - pH -(.
. pH -
( 1) DW -
.
.
5

.

.2 DW -
"" - 2 - 1
. - TOC -,
) (
- .
SAR -
. ,
.
ESP - SAR. 7.2
20 ( 1) 19 - 11, 6, 1
" 600 1 . 20 SAR 8"/'
" 200 6 SAR 8
11 (. 6 )
19 SAR 20" 600
SAR - ". 1000
4.5 - 2.5 SAR -" 600 . (3 ) SAR -
SAR -. 7.5 - SAR -

" .
"( 0-5 ) ESP -
SAR 8 ( 25-30(. )6.5 )"- ESP
,5.6 - ESP -(. 4A&B )
" 10.4 . , 3.7% -
" . 19.1" 600.
( 11) SAR 20 " 600 . 54%
-(. 5 ) ESP -
ESP . , 5.2% - 7.14
6
" 600" . 14.6
. 58% " . 25.1
SAR -
.
" 600
". 1800 ,
ESP -( 2, 101) " 1800 - SAR 20
. SAR - , 18.5
ESP - SAR -
8 ESP - ,
) SAR 20" 1-2(. 6 )
101a ) ESP
(6" ) 2 >
.
SAR -
ESP -
ESP - ( 2 " )
(. "" 3 ) SAR -
. , ESP - SAR -
) ( , SAR -
) (.
ESP -
SAR .
ESP - DW -. 7.3
) DW - ( )
. ESP - (
ESP " 600 -
11 B4 6, A4 1 ) ESP - "
- . SAR - (. 5
ESP " 1800
7
ESP (. , 6 )
(. 6 101, 5 11 ) SAR
) (" 0-10)
(
SAR -
.
SAR 8 DW -
. , ,
ESP - ) DW
; ESP - (
(. A4 ,1 3 )
( A4, 5 - 4" ) 200 - 600 - DW -
ESP ,
, . (3) " 600 -
- 7 ) ESP - DW -
. DW - ESP -(. B4, 8
SAR 20 DW " 600 -
ESP- ,
(. 5 ) DW
ESP
" 1800 DW - .
- ESP ( 10)
ESP ( 6 )
.
, ,
.
. ESP - .
DW - SAR 20
ESP. 7
(. 7, 105- 103 )
(.8) SAR 8
8
" SAR 20 10 -
( 106) DW -
(. 9( ) 101 ) ESP -
,(117 - 116 ) SAR 8
SAR 20, - ESP
(. 10( ) 1)
SAR
, SAR 8 20
( .SAR 20 )

) ( DW -
.
.
DW -
"( 90-120 )
.

.
. 8
1. Levy, G.J. and Assouline, S. 2011. Physical aspects. p. 306-327. In: Levy, G.J., Fine,
P., and Bar-Tal, A. (eds.). Treated Wastewater in Agriculture: Use and impacts on the
soil environment and crops. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford U.K.
2. US Salinity Laboratory Staff. 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali
Soils. USDA Handbook 60. Washington, D.C.
. 2010 ', , . .3 .36-42' 67 .
9
.
. / )
.
20 SAR 8 "/'( 20" ) 30 , (. DW ) .' 48
, , (IC ) ,(TOC, )pH(, EC ) " 5 . SAR -
. ESP -.
SAR - ESP - SAR -
60% > ESP -. ESP - DW .
, . ESP
? .
" . .
.
; / ), ( .1 , ?
( ) .
. .
; - : " , , - ;' -
.
./
: : ) ( X ) ) –
- - * ?
, *
10
1
1 SAR 8, 20 meq/L 600 mm .
2 SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 600 mm + 600 mm
.
3 SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 600 mm + 600 mm
- . DW
" 200 3 .
4 SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 600 mm + 200 mm
.
5 SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 600 mm + 200 mm
- . DW " 67 3
.
6 SAR 8, 20 meq/L 600 mm " 200 3 .
7 SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 600 mm + 600 mm
" 200 3
.DW
8 SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 600 mm + 600 mm
" 200 3 3
.DW" 200
11 SAR 20, 20 meq/L 600 mm .
12 SAR 20 ,20 meq/L + DW
600 mm + 600 mm .DW -
13 SAR 20 ,20 meq/L + DW
600 mm + 600 mm . " 200 3 DW -
.
18 SAR 20 ,20 neq/L + DW
600 mm + 600 mm " 200 3 3
.DW" 200
19 SAR 20 ,20 neq/L + DW
1000 mm + 600 mm . " 150 4 DW -
.


101 SAR 20, 20 meq/L 10 .
101a SAR 20, 20 meq/L 8 .
". 1-2
DW

DW

O C40
.
DW
" . 30
O C40
.
DW
10
" 30
O C40
.
6a10 SAR 20, 20 meq/L+DW 10 "
10
" 30
O C40
.



113 SAR 8, 20 meq/L 8


O C40
.
114 SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 5 ' 48 " 30 -
12
" .
.
115 SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 2 5 "
" 30
30
" .
O C40
.
116 SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 10 15 "
" 30

O C40
.
116a SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 10 10 "
" 30

O C40
.
". 1-2
117 SAR 8 ,20 meq/L + DW 5 15 "
" 30

O C40
.
( ESP ) (SAR ). 3
(.2)
SAR ESP SAR ESP
101 8.9 8.5 113 4.2 4.1
1a10 11.0 9.7 114 1.8 2.0
210 5.1 5.3 115 2.9 2.8
310 3.5 2.9 116 4.7 4.7
510 4.7 4.3 116a 5.0 4.7
610 16.7 17.7 117 4.7 4.1
6a10 8.7 8.8
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
0
3
6
9
12
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Leaching with SAR 20, 20 meq/l & DW
DW SAR 20 .1
(.1 12 )
14
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
0
5
10
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
0
50
100
150
200
250
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Leaching with SAR 8, 20 meq/l & DW
SAR 8 .2 DW (.1 3)
15
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DW2
DW3
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
SAR 8, 20 meq/L A
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
DW4
DW5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DW7
DW8
C
- 1" ; * 600( A . ) SAR - .3
6( .B )600 ( " DW )3 -, 2" ; 600( .C ) . 8 - 7" ; 200( DW" ) 600
(D )200 ( " DW ) 5 -, 4" ; 600 *( . (.1
16
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Treat 6 Treat 7 Treat 8 B
DW( .A ) - SAR 8 ESP - .4 (.1) ( .B , )
17
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Treat 19
.DW - SAR 20 ESP - .5 (.1 )
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
S o
il d
e p
ESP (%)
SAR 20 10 ESP - . 6
(.2 ). DW -
18
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
S o
il d
e p
ESP (%)
- SAR 20 ESP - .7
DW . (.2 )' 48
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
S o il
ESP (%)
- SAR 8 ESP - .8
DW . (.2 )' 48
19
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
S o il
ESP (%)
- SAR 20 ESP - .9
DW . (.2 ' ) 48
25-30
20-25
15-20
10-15
5-10
0-5
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
Treatment #1 (Table 1)
ESP (%)
- SAR 8 ESP - .10
DW . 2 ' ) 48
(.