3. review of literature - shodhganga : a...

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3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE In recent decades, the marine environment has been looked into as a possible source of biomedically important secondary metabolites for use in human or animal medicine. Many organisms from the marine environment have been found to produce antibacterial compounds. These include sponges, ascidian, marine algae, sea grass and microorganisms etc. Marine macro algae have been found to be a prominent source of bioactive fc& nq compounds. Their community structure can be influenced by,¼herbivores and are prone to fouling as well. Hence, they have evolved defensive mechanisms and produce secondary metabolites to protect themselves from herbivores and fouling. The ecological role of such secondary metabolites from micro and macro algae as herbivore deterrents (Hay and Fencial 1988; Van Alstyne and Paul, 1989; Hay and Steinberg, 1992) and antifouling (Armstrong et al., 2001; Mayer and Hamann, 2004) has been reported. Various active compounds have been identified from seaweeds. The first attempt to locate bioactivity in marine algae was initiated around the 1950s. Pratt et al. (1951) studied the antibacterial activity of seaweeds followed by Mautner et al. (1956). Many reports have focused on various biomedical properties like antibacterial (Burkholder et al., 1960; Hornsey and Hide, 1976 and Caccamese et al., 1980), antiviral (Rinehart et al.,1993; Stonard and Andersen, 1980; Tachibana et al.. 1981; Kashman et al.. 1989), antifungal (Carte, 1996: Tang et al., 2002: Rajeev et al., 2004), cytotoxic

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3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In recent decades, the marine environment has been looked into as a

possible source of biomedically important secondary metabolites for use in

human or animal medicine. Many organisms from the marine environment

have been found to produce antibacterial compounds. These include

sponges, ascidian, marine algae, sea grass and microorganisms etc. Marine

macro algae have been found to be a prominent source of bioactivefc& nq

compounds. Their community structure can be influenced by,¼herbivores and

are prone to fouling as well. Hence, they have evolved defensive mechanisms

and produce secondary metabolites to protect themselves from herbivores

and fouling. The ecological role of such secondary metabolites from micro and

macro algae as herbivore deterrents (Hay and Fencial 1988; Van Alstyne and

Paul, 1989; Hay and Steinberg, 1992) and antifouling (Armstrong et al., 2001;

Mayer and Hamann, 2004) has been reported.

Various active compounds have been identified from seaweeds. The

first attempt to locate bioactivity in marine algae was initiated around the

1950s. Pratt et al. (1951) studied the antibacterial activity of seaweeds

followed by Mautner et al. (1956). Many reports have focused on various

biomedical properties like antibacterial (Burkholder et al., 1960; Hornsey and

Hide, 1976 and Caccamese et al., 1980), antiviral (Rinehart et al.,1993;

Stonard and Andersen, 1980; Tachibana et al.. 1981; Kashman et al.. 1989),

antifungal (Carte, 1996: Tang et al., 2002: Rajeev et al., 2004), cytotoxic

(Gerwick and Fenical, 1982; Schmitz et al. 1993), antioxidant (Josephine et al.,

2007; Kumar Chandini et al., 2008), anticoagulant (Matsubara et al., 2001)

and various pharmacological activities (Yamaguchi et al., 1996; Faulkner,

2002; Mosaad et al., 2006).

Also, the seaweed surface associated of bacteria play a role and

assists the hosts in antifouling defense (Paul et al., 1987). The epiphytic

bacteria possess antagonistic activity (Emmanuel Joshua Jeba Singh et al.,

2008). The environmental factors like light intensity, nutrient levels, salinity

and seasons influence the secondary metabolites production (Van Aistyne,

1988). The vast literature on natural products from seaweeds especially

pertaining to the objectives of the study has been presented in table format.

S.NO

Author Year Works

1. Pratt, R., R. Mautner, 1951 Report on antibiotic activity of IndianG.M. Gardner, y. Sha I seaweed extracts.and J. Dufrenoj

2. Mautner, H. C., G.M. 1953Gardner, and G.M. Pratt

3. Vacca, D.D. and R.A. 1954Walsh

............4. Gerber, P., J. Dutcher, E. 1958 Protective effect of seaweed extracts for

Adams and J. Sherman chicken embryos infected with influenzaP rr mi mr c xiir"cI I I I I VI LI .2.

5. Allen, M.B. and W. Y. 1960 Production of antibacterial substance byDawson benthic tropical marine algae.

6. Burkholder, P. R. L. 1960 Antibiotic activity of some marine algaeBurkholder and L. R. of Puerto Rico.Almodovar

7. Maritinez-Nadar, N. G., 1963 New antibiotics substances from marineL.C. Rodriguez and C. algae from Puerto RicoCasillas, Sarganin andChonalgin

Antibiotic activity of seaweed extracts.

uric dFLJO3CLCIIdI activity 01 an extractobtained from Ascophyllum nodosum.

10

8. 1 Lefevse, M.

9. Olesen,P.E., A. Maretzkiand L.A. Almondoras

10. Burkholder, P.R., L.M.Burkholder and L. R.Almodovar

11. Chapman, V.J.

12. Glowbitza, K.W.

13. Rao, M

14. I Dawes, C. J.

15. Fenical, W., J.J. Sims, D.Squatrito, R.M. Wing andP. Radlick

16. Bhakuni, D. and Y.M.Silva

17. Hornsey, I.S. and D.Hide

18. Moebus, K. and K.M.Johnson

19. Fenical,W.

20

Sachithananthan, K., andA. Sivapalan

21

Sims, J.J., M.S. Donnell,J.V. Leary and aH.Lacy

22. Hornsey, I.S. and D.Hide

23. Hornsey, I.S. and DHide

247Ehresmann, D.W., E.F.Deig, M.T. Hatch, L.H. DiSalvo and N. A. Vedros

25. Faulker, D.J.

26. Parekh, K.S.

27. Richards, JT., E. R.Kern, L.A. Glasgow, J.C.Overall, E.F. Deign andM.T. Hatch

1964

Extra cellular products of Algae. In:Algae and man.

1964

An investigation of antimicrobialsubstances from marine algae.

1966

Antibiotic activity of some marine algaeof Puerto Rico.

1970

Seaweeds and their uses.

1970

Antimicrobial Constituents in algae.Quantitative determination of acrylic

- acid in marine algae.1970 The economic seaweeds of India.

1971 lndole-3-acetic acid in the green algalcoenocyte Caulerpa prolifera(Chlorophyceae, Siphonales).

1973 Zonarol and Isozonarol, fungitoxichydroquinones from the brown seaweedDictyopteris zonarioides.

1974 Biodynamic substances from marinealgae.

1974 The production of antimicrobialI compounds by British Marine algae.

1974 Exudation of dissolved organic 'C' bybrown_algae.

1975. Halogenation in the Rhodophyta: areview.

1975 Antibacterial properties of some marinealgae of Sri Lanka

1975 j Antimicrobial Agents from Marine Algae.

1976 1 The production of anti microbiala compounds by British marine algae II.

Seasonal variations in production ofantibiotics.

1976b The production of antimicrobialcompounds by British marine algae.IIl.Distribution of activity within the algalthallus.

1977 Antiviral substances from Californianmarine algae.

1978 Antibiotics from algae.

1978 Antimicrobial and pharmaceuticallyactive substances from marine sources.

1978 - Antiviral activity of extracts from marinealgae.

IN

cs In:28. Shield, L.S. and K.Lj1978 Marine derived antoti IRinehart Antibiotics: Isolation, separation and

purification.29. Caccamese, S. and R. 1979 Screening for antimicrobial activities in

Azzolina marine algae from Eastern Sicily.30. Glombitza, K.W. 1979 Antibiotics from algae.

41

Hoppe, H.A.LevringBaker, J.T.

1980 Antimicrobial and antiviral activities ofextracts from Mediterranean algae.

1980 1 seaweeds and their uses

1980 New metabolites from the brown algaCaulacystis caphalornithos.

1980

creening oi some marine piants Iromthe Indian coast for biological activity.

1980 Antispasmodic and Anti-inflammatory Iactivity of Carrageenan from Hypneamusciformis wulfen.

1981 Antimicribial and antiviral activities ofsome marine algae from eastern Sicily

1981 lchthyotoxic and cytotoxic metabolitesof the tropical brown alga Stypopodlum

-- - zonale (Lamouroux) Papenfuss --1981 The natural product chemistry of the

Dictyotaceae.1981 Screening of some marine plants from

the Indian Coast for biological activity.

1981 Antibacterial activity of Indian seaweed,extracts

1982 Antibacterial activity of extract from thebrown seaweed Stoechospermummarginatum.

1982 Natural products chemistry in themarine environment

and T. 1982 Marine Algae in PharmaceuticalScience. -- -.

1984 Seaweeds in pharmaceutical studiesand applications.

1984 - polysaccharides from Indian seaweeds

1984 Antibiotic and cytotoxic terpenoids from -tropical green algae of the familyUdoteaceae

31.[ãamese, -- S., ftAzzoline, G. Furnasi, M.Cormaci and Y. S.

_J Grasso32.

Chapman, V.J. and D.J.ChapmanKazlauskas, R., J.Mulder, P.T. Murphy andR.J. Wells

34. Naqvi, SW., A. Solimabi,S. Y. Kamat, L.Fernandes, C.V.G.Reddy, D.S. Bhakuni andB.N. Dhawan

35. 1 Solimabi and B. Das

36. ! Caccamese, S., RAzzolina, G. Furnari, MCormaci and S. Grasso

37. Gerwick, W.H. and WFenical

38f Gerwick, W.H. -

39. Naqvi, S.W., A,Solirnabi,S.Y. Kamat, L. Fernandesand C.V.G. Reddy

40

Sreenivasa Rao, P. andK.S. Parekh

L...42.

43.

.11. 45. Dosai, Y.A., R. G.

Parekh, V.D. Chauhan

- and46. Fenical, W. and V.J. Paul

De Silva, S.M.S., S.K.T.Carnage, N.S. .kumarand S. BalasubramaramFenical, W.

477Jtndlay, J.A. and A.D. r1984 Antibacterial constituents of the diatomPatil Nay/cu/a de/ognei

4^^j48. Khan, K.H. and .A. 1984 TAntibacterial and antifungal activities ofMahmood marine algae from Karachi seashore ofKhan, K.H. and

Pakistan.

49. Ma, J.W. and W.C. Tan 1984 Screening for antimicrobial activities inmarine algae from the Quingdao coast,China.

50. Parekh, K. S., H.H. 1984 Antibacterial activity of IndianParekh and P.S. Rao seaweeds.Pederson, A. 1984

52. Pesando, D. and B. 1984Caram

53.1Rao,NLS.A.V.P K.V. 11984Sastry and E.V. Rao

54. Reichelt, J.L. and

KTiBorowitzka

Studies on phenol content and heavymetal uptake in fucoidsScreening of marine algae from FrenchMediterranean coast for antibacterialand antifungal activity.Carbohydrates of Padinatetrastromatica.Antimicrobial activity from marine algae.Results of a large scale screeningprogramme.

51 Stein, J. and CA.I Borden

56. Caccamese, S., R.M.I Toscano, G. Furnari and

M. Cormaci____57. Glombitza, K.W. and K.

j Kiapperich

58. Jacobs, R.S., P. Culver,R. Langdon, T. O'Brien

Jnd S. White 59. Parekh, K., H. Parekh,

I H.M. Mody and P.S. Rao

co 7 Padmakumar, K. and K.Ayyakkannu

61. Ballantine, D. L., W. H.I Gerwick, S.M. Velez and

E. Alexander62. Chennubhotla, V.S.K., N.

Kaliaperumal and S.I Kalimuthu

1984 Causative and beneficial algae inhuman disease conditions. _____

1985 Antimicrobial activities of red and brownalgae from Southern Italy coast.

1985 Antibiotics from algae. XXXIV Cleavageof the high molecular weight methylatedphlorotannin fraction from the brown

_Laa Pelvetia cana/icu/ata.1985 Some pharmacological observations on

marine natural products

Effect of antibacterial substances fromseaweeds on the growth of bacteriamarine plants their biology, chemistryand Utilization.

1986 Antimicrobial activity some marinealgae of Porto Novo and Pondicherry

j_waters,eastcoastof±ndia. -1987 Antibiotic activity of lipid soluble extracts

from Caribbean marine algae.

1987 Seaweed resources of India

63. llvessalo, H. and J. 1987 Nutrient availability and accumulation ofTuomi

I phenolic compound in the brown algaeFucusvascu/osu.s

I ()

A study on the anticoagulant andfibrinolytic activities of a crude fucoidanfrom the edible brown seaweed Laminar/areligiosa, with special reference to itsinhibitory effect on the growth of sarcoma-180 ascites cells subcutaneouslyimplanted into miceNatural products chemistry andchemical defense in tropical marinealgae of the phylum Chlorophyta.Evidence for chemical defense intropical green algae Caulerpaashmeadii (Caulerpaceae:Chlorophyta): Isolation of new bioactivesesquiterpenoids.Fatty acids as antimicrobial substancesin brown algae.Antibacterial and antifungal propertiesof some marinediatoms in cultureUniqueness of the marine environment:categories of marine natural productsfrom invertebrates In: Biomedicalimportance of_ marine _organisms.Cross- species induction andenhancement of antimicrobial activityproduced by epibiotic bacteria frommarine algae and invertebrates afterexposure to terrestrial bacteriaBio active substances from marinealgae and mangroves.Changes in the marine green algaeChaetomorpha media on infection by afungal pathogen.Antibacterial activity from Indian speciesof Sargassum.

64. Maruyama, J. 1987Nakajima, andYamamoto

67. Rosell, K.G and L.M. 1987Srivastava

68. Viso, A.C., D. Pesando 1987and C. Baby -

69. Ireland, C.M., D.M. Roll, 1988T. F. Molinski, T. C.Mckee, T.M. Zarbriskeand J.C. Sweresy

70. Mearns—Spragg, A., M. 1988Bregu, K.G. Boyd andJ.G. Burgess

71. I PadmakumarK. 1988

73. Sreenivasa Rao,P.PP. Sreenivasa Rao and

LS.M._Karmarkar74. Asari, F., T. Kusumi and

H. Kakisawa

75. I Austin, B.

7. Dave, M.J. and V.D.Chapman

P7. Glombitza, K.W. and M.Koch

E7. Graufel ,V., B. Kloareg,S. Mabeau, P. Durand

- and J.Jozefonvicz

79. Kobashi, K.

L -.

65. 1 Paul, V.J. and W 8I Fenical

66. Paul, V.J., MM. Littler, 1987D. S. Littler and W.Fenical

72. Raghukumar, C. and bT1988Chandramohan I

1988a

1989 Turbinaric acid, a cytotoxicsecosqualene carboxylic acid from thebrown alga Turbinaria ornata.

1989 Novel Pharmaceutical compounds fromJjmarine bacteria.

1989 Seaweed as a source of food, feed andfertilizer invention intelligence.

1989 Secondary metabolites ofpharmaceutical potential.

1989 New natural polysaccharides withpotent antithrombic activity:

jucans from brown algae1989 Pharmacological active metabolites

from symbiotic microalgae in Okinawanmarine invertebrates.

80. Watanabe, K., -. M. 1989 A polyhalogenated insecticidal --Miyakado, N. Ohno, A. j monoterpene from the red alga,Okada, K. Yanagi and K. Plocamium telfa/riaeMonguchi ___

81. Caballero Ortega, P. and1990 Antimicrobial activities in algae extractsF.R. Melian_Gonzalez fromthe cost of Grand Canary Island.

82. Furusawa, E. and S. 1990 Antitumor potential of low-doseFurusawa chemotherapy manifested in

combination with immunotherapy ofViva-Natural, a dietary seaweed extract,onLewis lung carcinoma

83. Guven, K.C., B. Guvener 1990 Pharmacological activities of marineand E. algae.__

84. Noda, H., H. Amano, K. 1990 Antitumor activity of marine algaeArashima and K.

- Nisizawa 85. Perez, R.M.G., J.G.A. 1990 Antimicrobial activity of some American

Avila, S.G. Perez, A.C. algae.Martinez and G. C.Martinez

86I Pesando, D. 1990 Antibacterial and antifungal activities o—flI__ marl_

87. Sreenivasa Rao, PP., P. 1 1990 Antibacterial activity of SargassumSreenivasa Rao and w/ghtii.

- S.M. Karmakar88. Numata, A., S. Kanbara, 1991 Cytotoxic activity of marine algae and

C. Takahashi, R. Fujiki, cytotoxic principle of the brown algaM. Yoneda , E. Fujita and Sarrgassum tort/le

- . Y. Nabeshima .-89. Sreenivasa Rao, PP. 1991 Biological investigation of Indian marine

algae and screening of some green, redand brown seaweeds for theirantimicrobial activity

90. Sridhar, K.R. and N. 1991 Antimicrobial activity of seaweeds._J Viyvathi

91. Tariq, V.N. 1991 Antifungal activity in crude extracts ofmarine red algae.

92. Ballesteros, E., D. Martin 1992 Biological activity of extracts from someand M.J. Uriz . Mediterranean macrophytes

93. Clardy, J., K.M. Snader 1992 A pentahalogenated monoterpene fromand M.R. Boyd i the red alga Port/er/a hornemannii

I . produced a novel cytotoxicity profileagainst a diverse panel of human tumorcell lines.

94. Garg, H.S., T. Sharma, 1992 An antiviral Sphingosine derivative fromD.S. Bhakuni, B.N. green alga U/va fasc/ata

_Jramanik and A. Bo s et 95. Guerriero, A., A. 1992 Isolation of toxic and potentially toxicMeinesz, M. DAmbrosio sesqui and monoterpens from theand F. Pietra tropical green seaweed Cauferpa

taxifof/a which has invaded the region ofCap Martin and Monaco.

21

-105. Guerriero, A., F.

Marchetti, M.D'Ambrosio, S. Senesi,F. Dini and F. Pietra

106. Ireland, C.M., B.R. Copp,M.P. Foster, L.A.McDonald, D.C. Radiskyand J.C. Swersey

107. Kajiwara, T., K.Kodama, A. Hatanaka

--and K. Matsui108. Lemee, R., D. Pesando,

M. Durand-Clement and---A. Dubreuil ____ _____109. Lincoln, R.A., K.

Stupinsky and J. M..J_Walter

110. Renn. D.W.

1992 Biocidal activity of certain marine algaefrom Tuticorin_coast.

1992 Production of antimicrobial substancesby macroalgae of the New York I NewJersey coast.

1992 Nematicidal properties of selectedMarine Algae From Karachi.

1992 Possible anti-tumor promotingproperties of marine algae and in vivoactivity of Wakame

..Lseaweed extractEcological roles of marine naturalproducts.Biological investigations of IndiaPhaeophyceae 10. Seasonal variationof antimicrobial activity of fractions fromSargassum Johnston/i Setchell etGardner from Okha, West Coast ofIndiaSterols from marine green algaeCodium decortacatum.Algae as a source of biologically activep roducts. _____ _______

1993 Marine natural products chemistry1993 New ecotoxicologically and biogenetically

relevant terpenes of the tropical greenseaweed Caulerpa taxifolia which isinvading the Mediterranean

1993 Biomedical potential of marine naturalproducts

1993TVotatile compounds from Japanesemarine brown algae.

1993 Preliminary survey of toxicity of thegreen alga Caulerpa taxifolia introduced

____ into the Mediterranean.1993 I Bioactive compounds from algae

1993 Medical and biotechnologicalapplications of marine macroalgal

I polysaccharides1994 Antibacterial properties of Malaysian

seaweeds.1994 Caulerpin, an antitumor indoe alkaloid- JfromCaulerpa racernosa1994 Antimicrobial activity and surface

bacterial film in marine sponges.- ....J._____________ -- - -. -

96. Kumar, V.

97. Lustigman, B., L.H. Leeand N. Thees

98. Naqvi, B.S., A. Khan, D.Shaikh and M.R. Shaikh

99. Ohigashi, H., Y. Sakai,K. Yamaguchi, I.Umezaki andK. Koshimizu

100 Paul, V.J.

101. Sreenivasa Rao, P.P.

102. Ahmad, VU., S.A.Perveen and M. Shamed

103.I Cannell, R.J.P.

111 Hun, W.W., G.S. Hockand P.S. Moi

112 Ayyad, S.E.N. and F.A.Badria

113 Becerro, MA., N. L.Lopez, X. Turon and M.J.Un iz

1992

1992

1993

1993

114. Kaliaperumal, N. 1994

115. Kamat. S.Y., S.D. 1994Wahidulla, L. Souza, C.G.Naik, V. Ambiye, D.S.Bhakuni, S. Jam, A.K.Goeland R.C. Srimal

116. Newman, D.J., K.M. 1994Snader and M.R. Boyd

117. Sastry, V.M.V.S. and 1994G.R.K. Rao

1994R. Sridharan, G. K.

.jjrivedi and H.H. Mathur119. Boisson-Vidal, C., F. 1995

Haroun, M. Ellouali, C.Blondin and J.Jozefonvicz -

120. Jurd, K.M., D.J. Rogers,G. Blunden and D.S.McLellan

121. Kaliaperumal, N. S.Kalimuthu and J. R.

____ Ramalingam122. Mahasneh,l., M. Jamal, 1995

M. Kashasneh and M.Ziodeh

123. Sreenivasa Rao, P.P. 1995

Steinberg, P.D. 1995

125. Bauer, A.W., W.M. Kirby, 1996K.C. Sherris and M.Turck ____

126. I Bongiorni, L. and F. 1996Pietra

ii Cart, B.K. - 1996

Chennubhotla, V.S.K._1996

Harlin, M.M. - 1996

130. Okai, YOkai, Y.

-1 Otani131. Premila

I RavirajaSridhar

Seaweed resources of Tamilnadu coast

Bioactivity of marine organisms: PartVII--Effect of seaweed extract on centralnervous system

Isolation and structure/activity featuresof halomon- related antitumormonoterpenes from the red algaPort/er/a hornemann/j.Antibacterial substances from marinealgae: Successive extraction usingbenzene, Chloroform _and _Methanol.Antimicrobial activities of marine algaefrom the Indian coast.

Biological activities of polysaccharidesfrom marine algae.

Antibiotic activity of marine algaeagainst multiantibiotic resistant bacteria

Antimicrobial activity of frozen samplesof genus Sargassurn Collected fromOkha, West coast of India.Seasonal variation in the relationshipbetween growth rate and phlorotanninproduction in the kelp Ecklonia radiata.Antibiotic susceptibility testing by astandardized single disc method.

Marine natural products for industri —al 1applications.Biomedical potential of marine naturalpro-ductsSeaweed and their importance -- . -.

Allelochemistry in marine macroalgae.

Identification of antimutagenicsubstances in an extract of edible redalga. Porphyra tenera(Asadusa-non)Antimicrobial activity of some marinealgae of Southwest Coast of India

128.

129

K. Higashi- 1996Yano and S.

Crasta JN.S. 1 1996and K. I

1995 Anticoagulant properties of sulphatedpolysaccharides and a proteoglycanfrom Cod/urn fragile ssp. atlanticurn.

1995 Economically important seaweeds

23

132. Robles-Centeno, P. 0., 1996D.L. Ballantine and W.H.Gerwick

133. Vlachos, V., A. Critchley 1996and Y.A. Von Holy,

134. Anggadiredja, J., R. 1997Andyani, R. Hayati, K.H.

I Muawanah

Dynamics of antibacterial activity inthree species of Caribbean marine algaas function of habitat and life history.Establishment of protocol for testingantimicrobial activity in southern Africanma croa lgae.Antioxidant activity of Sargassumpolycystum (Phaeophyta) andLaurencia obtuse (Rhodophyta) fromSeribu Islands

135. Carlucci, M.J., C.A. 1997 Antiherpetic and anticoagulantPujol, M. Ciancia, M.D. properties of carrageenans from the redNoseda, M.C. seaweed Gigartina skottsbergii andMatulewicz, E.B. their cyclized derivatives: correlation

4.pamonte,A.s.cerezo between structure and _biological activity

136. Cho, E.J., S.H.Rhee and 1997 Antimutagenic and cancer cellK.Y. Park inhibitory effects of seaweeds

137. Fenical, W. 1997 New oharmaceuficals from marineorganisms.

H. and Y. 1997 Selective cytotoxicity of marine algaeextracts to several human leukemic celllines:____

139. Konig, G.M. and A.D. '1997 Sesquiterpene content of theWright antibacterial dichiormethane extract of

L the red alga Laurenciaobtusa.140. Matsukawa, R., Z. 1997 A comparison of screening methods fo-r

Dubinsky, E. Kishimoto, antioxidant activity in seaweedsK. Masaki, Y. Masuda, T.Takeuchi, M. Chihara, Y.Yamamoto, E. Niki and I.Karube

141. Mearns-Spragg, A., K.G. 1997Boyd, M.O. Hubble andJ.G. Burgess

142. Melo, V.M.M., D.A. 1997Medeiros., F.J.B. Rios.L.I.M. Castelar and A. deFF.U.Carualho

141 Okai, Y. and K. Higashi- 1997Okai,

144. Padmakumar, K. and KAyyakkannu

145. Park. J.C., J.S. Choi. 11997S.H. Song, M.R. Choi,K.Y. Kim and J.W. Choi

138. Harada,I Kamei

Antibiotics from surface associatedmarine bacteria. Proceedings of thefourth under water science symposium,Society for underwater Technology,LondonAntifungal properties of proteins(agglutinins) from the red alga Hypneamusciformis (wulfen) Lamouroux

Potent anti inflammatory activity ofpheophytina derived from edible greenalgae Enteromorpha prolifera (Sujiao-nori)Seasonal variation of antibacterial andantifungal activities of the extracts ofmarine algae from Southern Coast of

LIndia.Hepatoprotective effect of extracts andphenolic compound from marine algaein bromobenzene-treated rats

24

146 Riguera, R.

147 Siddhanta A. K., K. M.Mody, B.K. Ramavat,V. D. Chauhan, H.S.Garg, A.K. Goel, M.Jinandra Doss, M.N.Srivastava, G.K. PatnaikandV.P. 2L.__

148. Vlachos, V., A.T.Critchley and A. VonHy

149 Davyt, D., W. Entz, R.Fernandez, R.Mariezcurrena, A.W.Mombru, J. Saldana, L.Dominguez, J. Coil andE. Manta

150 de Nys, R., A. Dworjanynand P.D. Steinberg

151 Fernandez, J.J_,Souto and M. Norte

152 Harada, H. and Y. Kamei

153.J1i15euI, N., V.S.K.Chennubhotla, S.Kalimuthu, J. R.Ramalingam, S.Krishnapillai, K.Muniyandi, K. Rama Rao,P.C. Thomas, S.H. Zaidi

_Jand K. Subbaramaiah154. Le Tutour, B., F.

Benslimane, M. P.Gouleau, J.P. Gouygou,B. Saadan and F.Quemeneur

155. I Sreenivasa Rao, P.P.

156. Wright. A.E.

157. Yan, X. T. Nagata and-.X.Fan158. Ara. J., V. Sultana, S.

Ehteshamul-Haque, R.Qasim and V.U. Ahmad

1997 Isolating bioactive compounds from_J marine organisms.

1997 Bloactive of marine organisms part VIII- screening of some marine flora of

I Western Coast of India

1997 Antimicrobial activity of extracts fromselected Southern African Marine

- macroagae1998 A new indole derivative from the red

alga Chondria atropurpurea. Isolation,structure determination andanthelmintic activity.

1998 I A new method for determining surfaceconcentrations of marine naturalproducts on seaweeds.

Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity ofPolyethers Isolated from Laurencia

1998 Dose-dependent selective cytotoxicityof extracts from marine green algaCladophoropsis vaucheriaeformis,against mouse Ieu kemia L1210 cells. -

1998 Seaweed resources and distribution indeep waters from Dhanushkodi toKanyakumari

1998 Antioxidant and prooxidant activities ofthe brown algae, Laminaria digit ata,Himant ha/ia elongata. Fucusvesiculosus, Fucus serratus andAscophyl/um nodosum

1998 Biological investigations of IndianPhaeophyceaeXVL4. Seasonal variationof antibacterial activity of frozen

_____ samples of Sargassum johnston/i - -1998 Isolation of marine natural product. In:

Methods of Biotechnology1998 Antioxidative activities in some common

seaweeds --1999 Cytotoxic Activity of Marine Macro-

algae on Artemia sal/na (Brine Shrimp)

M.L. 11998

159 Backhaus, T. and L.H. 1999Grimme

Centeno, P.O.R. and 1999D.L. Ballantine

The toxicity of antibiotic agents to theluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri.

Effects of culture conditions onproduction of antibiotically activemetabolites by the marine alga Spyridiafilament osaBioactive natural compounds of algaeand invertebrates from the littoral ofCadizWakame seaweed suppresses theproliferation of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene-induced mammary tumoursin rats

161 Duran,R., L. Garrido,M.J. Ortiga, A. Rueda, J.Salva and E. Zubia

162. Funahashi, H., T. lmai,Y. Tanaka, K.Tsukamura, Y.Hayakawa, T. Kikumori,T. Mase, T. Itoh, M.Nishikawa, H. Hayashi,A. Shibata, Y. Hibi, M.Takahashiand T. Narita

163 I Galinski, E.A. and P.Louis

1999. Compatible solutes: ectoine productionand gene expression. In A. Oren (ed),Microbiology and biogeochemistry of

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1999

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164. Horikawa, M., Noro. T 1999and Y. Kamel

165 Kaeffer,B., C. Benard, 1999M. Lahaye, H.M. Blottiereand C. Cherbut

16 Kong, G.M., A.D. Wright kaand A. Linden

167. Marshall, R.A., D.B. 1999Harper, C.W. McRobertsand M.J.Dring -- ______

168. Mayer, A.M.S. 1999

r169. Moore, B.S. 1 1999

In vitro anti-methicillin - resistantStaphylococcus aureus. Activity foundin extracts of marine algae indigenousto the coast of JapanBiological properties of ulvan, a new -source of green seaweed sulfatedpolysaccharides, on cultured normaland cancerous colonic epithelial cells.Plocamium hamatum and itsmonoterpenes: chemical and biologicalinvestigations of the tropical marine redalga.

Volatile bromocarbons produced by IFalkenbergia stages of Asparagopsisspp. (Rhodopyta)Marine pharmacology in 1998:antitumor and cytotoxic compounds.Biosynthesis of marine natural products:microorganisms and macroalgae

'170.[ftX.,Y. Chuda, M. 1999 Fucoxanthin as the major antoxkiant inSuzuki and T. Nagata Hijikia fusiformis, a common edible

seaweed.- -.

26

17 1 Arun kumar, K. and R. 2000Re ng a sam y

Jrkumar, K. and R. 2000Rengasamy

Awad, N.E. I 2000

174. Deslandes. E., P. 2000Pondaven., T. Auperin,C. Roussakis, J.Gu'ezennec, V. Stigerand C. Payri

175.j_Faulkner, D.J._________ 2000176. Fuesetani, N. and M.Ed 2000_J Fuesetani177. Harvey, A. 2000

178. Higa, T. and 7700öKuniyoshi I

179. Higashi-Okai, K., S. 2000Otani, Y. Okai and K.Hiqashi-Okai

180. Jimenez-Escrig, A. and 2000F.J. Sanchez-Muniz

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Evaluation of antibacterial potential ofSeaweeds occurring along the Coast ofTamil nadu, India against the plantpathogenic bacterium Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae (lshiyama) Dye

Antibacterial activities of seaweedextracts/fractions obtained through aTLC profile against the phytopathogenicbacterium, Xanthomonas oryzae.Biologically active steroid from thegreen alga U/va lactuca.Preliminary study of the in vitroantiproliferative effect of ahydroethanolic extract from thesubtropical seaweed Turbinaria ornata(Turner J. Agardh) on a human non-small-cell bronchopulmonary

- carcinoma line (NSCLC-N6)Marine natural productsIn drugs from the sea

Strategies for discovering drugs frompreviouslyunexplored natural products.Toxins associated with medicinal andedible seaweeds.Potent suppressive effect of a Japaneseedible seaweed, Enteromorpha prolifera(Sujiao-nori) on initiation and promotionphase of chemically induced mouseskin tumorigenesisDietary fibre from Edible Seaweeds:Chemical structure, physicochemicalproperties and effects on cholesterolmetabolism

181. 1 Kaliaperumal, N

2000 Seaweed distribution and resources in

4 India.182. Konig, G.M., A.D. Wright 2000 Assessment of antimicro bacterial

183

184

L_

activity of a series of mainly marinederived natural products.

and 2000 Marine pharmacology in 1998:marine compounds with antibacterial,anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic. antiplatelet,antiprotozoal, and antiviral activities; with

Iactions on the cardiovascular, endocrine,immune, and nervous systems;and othermiscellaneous mechanisms of action

Nagaoka, M., H. Shibata, . 2000 Anti-ulcer effects and biologicalI. Kimura-Takagi, S. activities of polysaccharide from marineHashimoto, R. Aiyama, algae.S. Ueyama and T.'Iokokura

and S.G. Franzblau

Mayer, A.M.S.V.K.B. Lehmann

27

Barbier, P. S. Guise, P.Huitorel, P. Amade, D.Pesando, C. Briand andV. Pe rotDavyt, D., R. Fernandez,L. Suescun, A.W.Mombru, J. Saldana,L. Dominguez, J. Coil,M.T. Fujii and E. MantaElena, M., Y. Franciscoand K.L. Erickson

Faulkner, D.J.Gonzalez del Val, A., G.Platas, A. Basilio, A.Cabello, J.Gorrochategui, I. Suay,F. Vicente, F. Portillo, M.Jimenez del Rio, G.G.Reina and F. PelaezHiroishi, S., K.Sugie, I.Yoshida, J. Morimoto, Y.Taniguchi, S. lmai, J.KurebayashiJimenez-Escrig. A., I.J.Jimenez, R. Pulido andF. Saura-CalixtoMayer, A.M.S. andV.K.B. Lehmann,Selvi, M., R. Selvaraj andC. AnandhiShanmugam, M., K.H.Mody, R.M. Oza andB.K. Ramavat

Stevan, FR. Oliveiramb,D.F. Bucchi, Noseda, M.Lacomini, M.E. Duarte-uarte

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191

[193.

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i 197.

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186.[Selvi, M. and R. Selvaraj [2000

187.hanmugam, M. andi 2000K.H. Mody

Anti-HIV Activity of Extracts andCompounds from Algae andCyanobacteriaAntibacterial activities of some Indianseaweed.Heparinoid-active sulphatedpolysaccharides from marine algae aspotential blood anticoagulant agents

188. Wong, C.K., V.E.C. Ooi 2000and P.O. Ang

Protective effects of seaweeds againstliver injury caused by carbontetrachloride in rats

- Caulerpenyne from Caulerpa taxifoliahas an antiproliferative activity on tumorcell line SK-N-SH and modifies themicrotubule network

2001 New sesquiterpene derivatives from thered alga Laurencia scoparia. Isolation,structure determination, andanthelmintic activity.

2001 Mailiohydrin, a Cytotoxic ChamigreneDibromohydrin from a PhilippineLaurencia Species

2001 Marine natural products.2001 Screening of antimicrobial activities in

red, green and brown macroalgae fromGran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain).

2001 Antitumor effects of Marginisporurncrassissirnurn (Rhodophyceae), amarine red alga.

2001 Antioxidant activity of fresh andprocessed edible seaweeds

2001 Marine pharmacology in 1999:antitumor and cytotoxic compounds.

2001 Screening for antibacterial activity ofmacro algae.

2001 Blood anticoagulant activity of a greenmarine alga Cod/urn dwarkense(Codiaceae, Chlorophyta) in relation toits growth stages. Indian journal marinesciences.

2001 Cytotoxic effects against HeLa cells ofpolysaccharides from seaweeds.

28

200. j Vairappan, - CC., M.j 2001Daoh, M. Suzuki, T.

Antibacterial halogenated metabolitesfrom the Malaysian Laurencia sp

/-\Oe, VI. IVdSU(Jd

r 201. Vlachos, V., A. Critchleyand Y.A. Von Holy

202. I Xixu, H. and F. Lee

I 203. Au, M.S., M. Saleem, R.Yamadagni and M.A. All

.204.CarbaIlo,L., Z.I Hernández-lnda, P.

Perez and M.D. Garcia-4Gr6vaios -

205. El-Baz, F.K., A.M. Aboul-Enein, G.S. El-Baroty,A.M. Youssef, and H.H.Abd EI-Baky

206.LFaul kner, D.J.207jjKallaperumal,_N.208. Kannapiran, E. and M.

Ni thya na nda n

209. Katyayan B. M., P. 2002Rao, C. Muralichand,D. S. Rao and T.Satyanarayana

210.tLima-Filho, J.V.M., 2002A.F.F.U. Carvalho, S.M.

j_Freitas and V.M.M. Melo211. Mayer, A.M.S. and M.T. . 2002

I Hamann

212.jRavikumar, S., L. 2002Anburajan and G.

j- Ramanathan213. Rupérez, P., 0 2002

Ahrazem and J.A. Leal

214. resh kuma S., J.A. - 2002Christopher John and S.RavUumar -- - -

Effect of post - Collection storage timeand season on the antibacterial activityof selected Southern African marinemacroalgae. In: Chen, S. (ed.) Algaeand their biotechnological potential.Activity of plant flavanoids againstantibiotic resistant bacteria.Steroid and antibacterial steroidalglycosides from marine green algaCodium iyengarii._____A comparison between two brine shrimpassays to detect in vitrocytotoxicity in marine natural products

Anticarcuiogenic ' activity of algalextracts.

Marine natural productsSeaweed resources in IndiaAntimicrobial activity of differentfractions of extracts from Palk BaySeaweeds.Antimicrobial activity of Bark ofAlangium Salvifoloium Linn.F.

Antibacterial activity of extracts of sixmacroalgae from the North easternBrazilian coast.Marine pharmacology in 1999:compounds with antibacterial,anticoagulant, antifungal,anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, antiprotozoaland antiviral activities; affecting thecardiovascular, endocrine, immune, andnervous systems; and othermiscellaneous mechanisms of action.Screening of Seaweeds extractsagainst antibiotic resistant postoperativeinfections pathogens.Potential antioxidant capacityof sulfated polysaccharides from theedible marine brown seaweed Fucusvesiculosus. Antimicrobial activity of acetone extractsof seaweeds against human pathogens.

2001

2001

2002

2002

2002

200220022002

29

215. Talyshinsky, M.M., Y.Y. 2002Souprun and M.M.Huleihel

Anti-viral activity of red microalgalpolysaccharides against retroviruses

Bioactive steroids from the brown algaSargassum carpophyllum

Natural antioxidants in some marinemacroalgae of the Gulf of Mannar.

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216. Tang, H.F., Y.H. Yi, X.S. 2002Yao, Q.Z. Xu, S.Y.

220

Zhang and H.W. Lin217. Vasanthi, H. R., A. 2002

Saraswathy and G.V.- Rajamanickam 218. Viana, G.S.B., A.L.P. 2002

Freitas, M.M.L. Lima,L.A.P. Vieira, M.C.H.Andrade and N.M.B.Benevides

219. 1 Donia, M. And M.T. 2003Hamann

Antinociceptive activity of sulfatedcarbohydrates from the red algaeBryothamnion sea forth/i(Turner) Kütz. and B. triquetrum (S.G.Gmel :) N'L Howe. BrazMarine natural products and theirpotential applications as antiinfectiveagents.

Ganchevakamen-arska, 2003 A comparative study on the sterolZ., S. Dimitrovadimitrova- composition of some brown algae fromKonaklieva, K. L. the Black SeaStefanov and S.S. Popo

$200-3--Haefner, B.

lliopoulou, D., N. 2003Mihopoulos, C. Vagias,P. Papazafiri and V.RoussisKallyaperumal, N. 2003

Drugs from the deep: marine naturalproducts as drug candidates.Novel Cytotoxic Brominated Diterpenesfrom the Red AlgaLaurencia obtusa

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224.1 Mayer, A.M.S. and K.R. 2003Gustafson

225. Murugan, A. and M. S. 2003Ramasamy

226. Pereira, R.C. andB.A.P. Dagama

Conservation and Management ofSeaweed resources for sustainableutilization.Marine pharmacology in 2003:antitumor and cytotoxic compoundsBiofouling deterrent activity of thenatural product from ascidian, Distaplianathensis. (Chordata).Ecological Roles of natural products ofthe Brazilian red Seaweed Laurenciaobtura

2003

2003

2003

227. RR'ero, F., A. Fallorero,0. Castaneda, F. Dajas,E. Manta, F. Areces, J.Mancini filho and A. Vidal

228. Sandsdalen, E., T. Hangand K. Stensvag

229. Saravanahkumar, D. 2003230. Vairappan, C.S. 2003

Antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro ofHalimeda incrassata aqueous extracts

- Theantibactenal effect of apolyhydroxylated fucophlorethol fromthe marine brown algae, Fucus

J vesicu los/sSeaweeds in Drug development.

• Potent antibacterial activity ofhalogenated metabolites from Malaysianred algae, Laurencia majuscule(Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales).

30

r. Vanitha, J., S. Prakash 2003

and B. Valentinbhina

232. Xu, N., X. Fan. X. Yan, 2003X. Li, R. Niu, C.K. Tseng

233.^^HZhang,ianbin, Z, P. Yu, Z. Li, 2003

Z. Xu and P. Li

Anantharaj, M., V. 2004Venkatesalu, M.Chandrasekaran and S.SivasankariAneiros, A. and A. 2004Garateix

Arif, J. M., A.A. Al- 2004Hazzani, M. Kunhi and F.Al-KhodairyBalaji Raghavendra Rao, 2004H., A. Sathivel and T.DevakiBalaji Raghavendra Rao, 2004H., A. Sathivel and T.Devaki

239jBalaji, P., P. Prema, and E2004R. Vinodh I

De Ines, C., V.H. 2004Argandona, J. Rovirosa,A. San-Martin, A.R. Diaz-Marrero, M. Cueto, andA. Gonzalez-ColomaEly, R., T. Supriya andC.G. Naik

Jimeno, J., G.Faircloth, 2004J.M.F. Sousa-Faro P.Scheuer and K. RinehartMary Vimalabai, P.C., 2004R.A. Prathiba andSumidra I

Antibacterial action of Seaweedsagainst human upper respiratory tractpathogens.

Antibacterial bromophenols from themarine red alga Rhodomelacon fe,voidesAntioxidant activities of sulfatedpolysaccharide fractions from Porphyrahaitanesi.sScreening of fatty acid methyl esters ofmarine algae for antibacterial activity.

Bioactive peptides from marine sources:pharmacological properties andisolation proceduresNovel Marine Compounds: Anticanceror Genotoxic?

Hepato protective nature of seaweedalcoholic extracts Acetominopheninduced hepato oxidative stressAntihepatotoxic Nature of U/vareticu/ata (Chlorophyceae) onAcetaminophen-Induced Hepatoxicityin ExperimentalRatsScreening of marine algae fromMandapam coast for their antibacterialactivity.

Cytotoxic Activity of HalogenatedMonoterpenes from P/ocamiumcart//a gineum

Antibacterial activity in marine algaefrom the coast of YucatanEffect of butanolic extracts fromterrestrial herbs and seaweeds on thesurvival, growth andpathogen ( Vibrio parahaemo/yticus)load on shrimp Penaeus indicusjuvenilesNew Marine Derived AnticancerTherapeutics - A Journey from the Seato Clinical TrialsPhenolic compounds in brownseaweeds from Tuticorin, south coast ofIndia

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Freile-Pelegrin, Y., and I 2004J.L. MoralesImmanuel, G., V.C. Vincy 2004aBai, V. Sivaram, A.Palavesam and M. P.Marian

2004 Antimicrobial activity of marineorganisms collected off the coast ofSouth East India

31

246. Mayer, A.M.S., K.R. 2004Fantitumour

rine pharmacology in 2001-2:- Gustafson and ytotoxic compounds

247. Newman, D.J. and G.M. 2004 Marine natural products and relatedCragg compounds in clinical and advanced

preclinical trials.248. Puglisi, M.P., L.T. Tan, 2004 Capisterones A and B from the tropical

P.R. Jensen and W. green alga Penicilius cap/tat us:Fenical unexpected anti-fungal defenses

targeting the marine pathogen Lindrathaliasiae

249. Hanumantha Rao BalajiRaghavendran, A. 2004Sathivel and T. Devaki

250. Rajeev Kumar J.H.A and 2004uzi-rong

251. Simon—Cohn, C., N. 1 2004Kervarec, R. Pichon andE. Deslandes

L252. Smit, A.J. 2004

253. Teas, J., J.R. Hebert, 2004J. H. Fitton and P.V.Zimba

254. Venkata Raman, B., D.N. 2004Rao and T. M.Radhakrishnan

255. Wong, C.K., V.E.C. Ooi 2004and P.O. Ang

256.1 Xu, N., X. Fan, X. Yan 2004and C. Tseng

I 257. Asha K. R. T., A.J. 20Denslin Vinitha, S.G. 05Kiran, W.A. Manjusha,N. Sukumaran and J.

Jelvi n258. Choudhury, S., A. Sree, 2005

S.C. Mukherjee, P.Pattnaik and M. Bapuji . --

259. Cragg, G.M. and D.J. 2005Newman___-....

260. Heo, S.J., E.J. Park, 2005K.W. Lee and Y.J. Jeon

261. Ibrahim, A.M.M., M.H. 2005Mostafa, M.H. El-Masryand M.M. El-Naggar -- -

E262. Kapfhammer, D., E. 2005Karatan, K.J. Pflughoeftand P.I. Watnick

- Efficacy of brown seaweed hot waterextract against HCI-ethanol inducedgastric mucosaltYL in rats.Biomedical Compounds from Marine

- organismsNMR 13C—isotopic enrichmentexperiments to study carbon—partitioning into organic solutes in the

- red alga Grateloupia doiyphora__—_____Medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of

- seaweed natural products: A reviewAlgae - a poor man's HAART?

Enteromorpha corn pressa (L.) Gre v/lieAn Edible Green Alga as a Source ofAntiallergic principle (S)Hepatoprotective effect of seaweeds'methanol extract against carbontetrachloride-induced poisoning in ratsScreening marine algae from China fortheir antitumor activitiesIsolation and Cultivation of HalophilicArchaea from Solar Salterns Located inPeninsular Coast of India.

In vitro antibacterial activity of extractsof selected marine algae andmangroves against fish pathogensInternational collaboration in drugdiscovery and development from naturalsourcesAntioxidant activities of enzymaticextracts from brown seaweeds.Active biological materials inhibitingTumor initiation extracted from marineiigaeRole for Glycine Betaine Transport inVibrio choierae Osmoadaptation andBiofllm Formation within MicrobialCommunities

32

263 kdbanek, J., A.C. 2005Prusak, T.W. Snell, R. A.Giese, K.I. Hardcastle,C.R. Fairchild, W.Aalbersberg, C.Raventos-Suarez, andM.E.J Hay

264 Matsuhiro, B., A.F. 2005Conte, E.B. Damonte,A.A. Kolender, M.C.Matulewicz, E.G. Mejias,C.A. Pujol and E.A.Zuniga

265 Matsuo, Y., H. Imagawa, 2005M. Nishizawa and Y.Shizuri

266 Mayer, A.M.S. and M.T. 2005Hamann

267 Nair, R., T. Kalariya and 1 2005S. Chandra

268. Raghavendran, H.R., A. 2005Sathivel and T. Devaki

Antineoplastic Diterpene-BenzoateMacrolides from the Fijian Red AlgaCa/lophycus serratus.

Structural analysis and antiviral activityof a sulfated galactan from the redseaweed Schizymenia binderi(Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)

Isolation and phylogeneticcharacterization of bacteria capable ofinducing differentiation in the green algaMonostroma oxyspermumMarine pharmacology in2001-2002: marine compounds withanthelmintic, antibacterial,anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antifungal,anti-inflammatory, antimalarial,antiplatelet, antiprotozoal,antituberculosis, and antiviral activities;affecting the cardiovascular, immuneand nervous systems and othermiscellaneous mechanisms of action.Antibacterial Activity of Some SelectedIndian Medicinal FloraEffect of Sargassum polycystum(phaeophyceae)-sulphatedpolysaccharide extract againstacetaminophen-induced hyperlipidemiaduring toxic hepatitis in experimentalrats.

269 Rang, H. and L. Hui-Ting 20

Immunological Properties of the Marine05

Brown Alga Endarachne bin ghamiae(Phaeophyceae)

270 Soo-Ji, H., P. Pyo-Jam, 20

Antioxidant activity of enzymaticP Eun-Ju, K. Se- 05

extracts from a brown seaweed

Kwon and J. You-Jin

Ecklonia cava by electron spinresonance spectrometry and cometassay

271

Sultana, V., S. 2005 Comparative efficacy of brown, greenEhteshamul-Haque, J. and red seaweeds in the control of rootAra andM. Athar infecting fungi and okra - -.--

272 Suzuki, T., Y. Yoshie- 2005 Mineral Components and Anti-oxidantStark and J. Santoso Activities of Tropical Seaweeds

273 Ascencio, S. D., A. 2006 Complete 1H and 13C NMROrsato, R.A. Franco, assignment of digeneaside, a low-ME Duarte and M.D. molecular-mass carbohydrate producedNoseda by red seaweeds

nfl

274. Athukorala, Y., K. Nam j 2006and Y. Jean

275. Bansemir, A., M. Blume, 2006S. Schroder. U.Lindequist

276. Bilan, M.l., A.A. Grachev, 2006A. Shashkov, N.E.Nifantiev and Al. Usov

277. Fan, LI., M.S. Sung and 2006L.T. Mm

278. KajiwaraT., K Matsui, Y. 12006Akakabe, T. Murakawaand C. Arai

279. Kladi, M., H. Xenaki, C. 2006Vagias, P. Papazafiri andV. Roussis

Anti proliferative and antioxidantproperties of an enzymatic hydrolysatefrom brown alga Ecklonia cava.Screening of cultivated seaweeds forantibacterial activity against fishpathogenic bacteriaStructure of a fucoidan from the brownseaweed Fucus serratus

Salinity stress and hydrogen peroxideregulation of antioxidantdefense system in Ulva fasciataAntimicrobial browning-inhibitory effectof flavor compounds in seaweeds

New cytotoxic sesquiterpenes from thered algae Laurencia obtusaand Laurencia microcladia

286. 1 Ray, B.

2006

Bromophycolides C-I from the FijianRed Alga Callophycus serratus

2006

Marine pharmacology in 2003-2004:Anti-tumour and cytotoxic compounds

2006

Cleaning and Extraction Protocol ofGrad/aria changii

2006

Isolation and characterization of a newagglutinin from the red marine algaeHypnea cervicornis J. Agardh.

2006 Cytotoxicity Effect of AlgalPolysaccharides on HL60 Cells

2006 Defensive nature of Sargassumpolycystum (Brown alga) againstacetaminophen-induced toxic hepatitisin rats: role of drug metabolizingmicrosomal enzyme system, tumornecrosis factor-alpha and fate of livercell structural integrity.

2006 Polysaccharides from Enteromorphacompressa: Isolation, purification andstructural features

280. Kubanek, J., A.C.Prusak, T.W. Snell, R.A.Giese, R.C. Fairchild, W.Aalbersberg and M.E.Hay

281. Mayer, A.M.S. and K.R.Gustafson,

282 Mohamad, H. and N.Zainudin

283 Nascimento. K.S., C.S.Nagano, E.V. Nunes,R.F. Rodrigues, G.V.Goersch, B.S. Cavada,J.J. Calvete, S. Saker-.Sampaio, W.R. Fariasand A.H. Sampaio

284 Queiroz, K.C.S., CTAssis, V.P. Medeiros,H.A.O. Rocha, H.Aoyama, C.V. Ferreiraand E.L. Leite

285 Raghavendran, H.B., A.Sathivel and T. Devaki

34

290 jiunt J.W, B.R. Copp, W-P. Hu, M.H.G. Munro,P.T. Northcote and M.R.Prinsep

291, Cho, S.H., S.E. Kang,J.Y. Cho, A.R. Kim, S.M.Park, Y.K. Hong andD.H. Ahn

292. Dar, A., H.S. Baig, S.M.Saifullah, V.U. Ahmad, S.Yasmeen and M.Nizamuddin

293. Hong, D.D., H.M. Hienand P.N. Son

Hsu, B.Y., C.Y. Tsao,T.K. Chiou, P.A. Hwangand D.F. HwangKim, S.H., D.S. Choi, Y.Athukorala, Y.J. Jeon, M.Senevirathne and C. K.RhaKwon, H.J., S.Y. Bae,K.H. Kim, C.H. Han, S.H.Cho, S.W. Nam, Y.H.Choi and B.W. Kim

Hydroperoxysterols from the Brazilian -brown seaweeds Dictyopteris just/i andSpatoglossum schroederi(Dictyotales): a defensive strategyagainst _herbivory.Antimicrobial activities of the extracts ofmarine algae from the coast of Urla(zmir, Turkey).Antioxidant and antiproliferativeactivities of extracts from a variety ofedible seaweeds

2007 Marine natural products

2007 The Antioxidant Properties of BrownSeaweed (Sargassum si/iquastrum)Extracts

2007 Effect of seasonal variation on the anti-inflammatory activity of Sargassumwightii growing on the N. Arabian Seacoast of Pakistan

2007 Seaweeds from Vietnam used forfunctional food, medicine andbioferti I ize r

2007 HPLC determination for prostaglandinsfrom seaweed Gracilaria gigas

2007 Antioxidant Activity of SulfatedPolysaccharides Isolated fromSargassum fulvellum.

2007 Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells byethanolic extract of Coral//na pilulifera

287. Teixera,V.L., J.P. F2OC6Barbosa, F.D. Rocha,M.A.C. Kaplan, P.J.Houghton and R.C.Pereira

288 luney, I., B.H. Cadirci, 12006D. Unal and A. Sukatar

289 Yuan, Y.V. and N.A. 2006Walsh

Lekameera, R., P. 2007Vijayabasker, A.Murugan and ST.Somasundaram -Nair, R., R. Chabhadiya 2007andS. Chanda

299. Puglisi, M. P., E. 2007Sebastian, R.J. Paul andF. William _

300. Rocha de Souza, MC., [20_07aC.T. Marques, C.Guerra Dore, F.

I Ferreira da Silva, H.A.Oliveira Rocha and E.Leite

Potential antioxidant activity of thebrown alga Lobophora variegata

Marine algae: screening for a potentantibacterial agentAntimicrobial activities of extracts fromlndopacific marine plants againstmarine pathogens and saprophytes -Antioxidant activities of sulfatedpolysaccharides from brown and redseaweeds

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295

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2007 Antimicrobialmacroalgae

activity of Iberian

301. Rocha, F. D., A. R.Soares, P.J. Houghton,R. C. Pereira, M.A.C.Kaplan and V.L. Teixeira

302. Salvador, N., A. GOmezGarreta, L. Lavelli andM.A. Ribera

303. Shanab, S.M.M.

304 Stirk,ReineckeS tade n

305 Stirk,ReineckeStaden

Abd El-Baky, H.H., F.K.El Baz and G.S. ElBarotyAkakabe, Y. andT. KajiwaraAnanthi, S., C.Saravanababu, C.Chandraoniyhaan A.Hannah and R. VasanthiArul senthil, K., R.P.Rajesh and A. Murugan

Banuselvi, R. and Y.Helen Diana _________Bitencourt, F.D.S., J.G.Figueiredo. M.R.L. Mota,C.C.R. Bezerra, P.Silvestre, M.R. Vaie,.S.Nascimento, K A. H.Sampaio. C.S. Nagano, S.Saker-Sampaio, W.R.L.

2007 Potential Cytotoxic Activity of SomeBrazilian Seaweeds on HumanMelanoma Cells

2007 Antioxidant and Antibiotic Activities ofSome Seaweeds (Egyptian isolates)Seasonal variation in antifungal,antibacterial and acetylcholinesteraseactivity in seven South African seaweedsSeasonal variation in antifungal,antibacterial and acetylcholinesteraseactivity in seven South AfricanseaweedsEvaluation of 28 marine algae from theQingdao coast for antioxidative capacityand determination of antioxidant efficiencyand total phenolic content of fractions ands u bf ractio n s derived from Symphyoc/adialatiuscula (Rhodomelaceae)Antioxidant activities in tropical marinemacroalgae from the YucatanPeninsula, MexicoAlginate, mannitol, phenolic compoundsand biological activities of two range-extending brown algae, Sargassummangarevense and Turbinaria ornata(Phaeophyta: Fucales), from Tahiti

- (French Polynesia)2008 Evaluation of Marine Alga U/va lactuca

L. as A Source of Natural Preservativej Ingredient

2008 Bioactive volatile compounds frommarine algae: feeding attractants

2008 Invitro antioxidant activity of the greenalga Halimeda tuna

2008 Antibacterial activity of the crudeextracts of the seaweed Padinaboergesenhi

2008 Bioactive potential of marinemacroalgae

2008 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatoryeffects of a mucin-binding agglutininisolated from the red marine algaHypnea cervicornis

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314

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W.A., D.L F21007and J. Van

W.A.,D.L. 2007and J. van

306. Zhang, W.W.,X.J. 2007Duan, H.L. Huang, Y.Zhang and B.G. Wang

I 307 Zubia, DM. Robledo 2007and Y. Freile-Pelegrin

Zubia, M., C. Payri and 2007E. Deslandes

. 6

EmmanuelJebasingh, S.,and A. Murugan

Joshua 2008P. Raja

^

I 319

320 Ganesan, P., C . S. Kumar 2008and N. Bhaskar

Farias, - B.S. Cavada,A.M.S. Assreuy andN.M.N. de Alencar

315. Cassano, V., J. Campos, 2008 Sesquiterpenes from the introduced redD. Paula, M.T. Fujii, seaweed Laurencia caduciramulosaB.A.P. Da Gama, and (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales)V.L. Teixeira

Antioxidant activity of three edibleseaweeds from two areas in South EastAsia.

Antioxidant activity of mycosporine-likeamino acids isolated from three redmacroalgae and one marine lichenBioprotective properties of seaweeds: Invitro evaluation of antioxidant activity andantimicrobial activity against food bornebacteria in relation to polyphenoliccontentAntibacterial activity of the seaweedGracilaria edulis associated epiphyticbacteria against human bacterialpogens

Antioxidant properties of methanolextract and its solvent fractionsobtained from selected Indian redseaweeds

Chemoprotective effects of a proteinfrom the red algae Porphyra yezoensison acetaminophen-induced liver injuryin ratsPurification of bioactive natural productagainst human microbialpathogens from marine sea weedDictyota acutilobaRole of sulphated polysaccharides fromSargassum Wightii in Cyclosporine A-induced oxidative liver injury in rats

Antimicrobial activities of some macroalgae from the coast of Tuticorin,TamilnaduEvaluation of in vitro antibacterialproperty of seaweeds of southeastcoast of IndiaAntipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the seaweedSargassum fulvellum and Sargassumthunbergil in miceAntimicrobial activities againstmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus from macroalgae

316. 1 Chew, Y.L., Y.Y. Lim, M. 2008Omar and K.S. Khoo

317. DelaCobaF,J.Aguilera, 12008F . L. Figueroa, M.V. DeGálvez and E. Herrera

318. Devi, K., N. Suganthy, P. 2008Kesika and S. Pandian

321

Hwang, H.J.,M.J. Kwon, i 2008I.H. Kim and T.J. Nam

322. Jebakumar Solomon, 2008R.D. and V. SatheejaSanthi

323 Josephine, A., K. Nithya, 2008G. Amudha, C. Veena, S.Preetha and P.Varalakshmi,

324 Jothibai Margret, R., S. 2008Kathiresan and G. Indirajasmine

325 Kandhasamy, M. and 2008K.D. Arunachalam

326 Kang, J.Y.. M.N.A. 2008Khan, N.H. Park, J.Y.Cho, M.C. Lee. H. Fujii,Y.K. Hong

327. Kim, I.H. and J.H. Lee

2008

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328. Kumar Chandini, S., P. 1 2008Ganesan and N.Bhaskar

329. [ins, K.O., D.P. Bezerra, 2008A.P. Alves, N.M, Alencar,M.W. Lima, V.M. Tories,W.R, Farias, C. Pessoa,M.O. de Moraes and L.V.Costa-Lotufo

330. Matanjun, P., S. 1 2008Mohamed, N. M.Mustapha, K.Muhammad and C.Hwee Ming

331. Meena,.B., R. Anbin 2008Ezhilan, R. Rajesh, A.Sheik Hussain, B.

I Ganesan and R. Ana

332. Mori, J., T. Hayashi, M. 2008Iwashima, T. Matsunagaand H. Saito

333. Nagarani, N. and A.K. 2008• Kumaraguru

.....__334. Patra, J.K., S.K. Rath, K. 2008

Jena, V.K. Rathod and• H. Thato

335TfShanmughapriya, S., A. 2008Manilal, S. Sujith, J.Selvin, G. Seghal Kiran

-- -and K.Natarajaseenivasan336. Subramanian, P., S.T. : 2008

Somasundaram, P.Anantharaman and T.BalasubramanianSuresh Kumar, K., K. . 2008Ganesan and P.V.Subba Rao

338.i Ye, H., K. Wang, C. 2008Zhou, J. Liu and X. Zeng I

339. Zhao, X., C.H. Xue and 2008B.F.Li

In vitro antioxidant activities of threeselected brown seaweeds of India.

Antitumor properties of a sulfatedpolysaccharide from the red seaweedChampia feldmannii (Diaz-Pifferer)

Antioxidant activities and phenolicscontent of eight species of seaweedsfrom north Borneo

Antihepatotoxic potential of Sargassumpolycystum (Phaeophyceae) onantioxidant defense status inDgalactosamine-induced hepatitis inrats.Effect of plastoquinones from thebrowen alga Sargassum micracantumand a new chromene derivativeconverted from the plastoquinones onthe acute gastric lesions in ratsROS Scavenging and Lipid peroxidationactivities in selected seaweeds andseagiass from Gulf of mannarEvaluation of Antioxidant andAntimicrobial Activity of Seaweed(Sargassum sp.) Extract: A Study onInhibition of Glutathione-S-Transferase

Antioxidant activity of brown algaPadina boergesenii against CarbonTetrachloride induced liver fibrosis inratsAntioxidant potential of solvent extractsof Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty -An edible seaweed.

Purification, antitumor and antioxidantactivities in vitro of polysaccharidesfrom the brown seaweed SargassumpallidumStudy of antioxidant activities of sulfatedpolysaccharides from Laminariajaponica

- Antimicrobial activity of seaweedsextracts against multiresistantpathogens

340. 1 Wang,B.G, W.W. ZhanX.J. Duan and X.M. Li

Lekameera. R, PVijayabaskar and S. TSoma su nd a ram

2009 In vitro antioxidative activities of extractand semi-purified fractions of themarine red alga, Rhodomelacon fervoides (Rhodomelaceae)

2008 Evaluating antioxidant property ofbrown alga Colpomenia sinuosa(DERB. ETSOL)

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